User Administration with Customization

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/default/useradd

# useradd defaults file

GROUP=100

HOME=/home

INACTIVE=-1

EXPIRE=

SHELL=/bin/bash

SKEL=/etc/skel

CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes

syntax:

# useradd <option> <argument> <username>

# Options:

-o  non unique

-u  uid

-g  gid

-d  home directory

-b  base directory

-c  comment

-s  login shell

-p  password

-f  inactive password

-G  group assign

-e  account expiry
-r  system user

#eg:

[root@localhost ~]# useradd jack

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

jack:x:1001:1001::/home/jack:/bin/bash

-u --> userid

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 2020 user1

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user1:x:2020:2020::/home/user1:/bin/bash

-g --> groupid

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g 2121 user2

useradd: group '2121' does not exist

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd admin

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/group

admin:x:2021:

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g 2021 user2  users primary group will not be created

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user2:x:2021:2021::/home/user2:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/group

jack:x:1001:

user1:x:2020:
admin:x:2021:

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g admin user3

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user3:x:2022:2021::/home/user3:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/group

jack:x:1001:

user1:x:2020:

admin:x:2021:

[root@localhost ~]# id user2

uid=2021(user2) gid=2021(admin) groups=2021(admin)

[root@localhost ~]# id user3

uid=2022(user3) gid=2021(admin) groups=2021(admin)

-N --> do not create users primary group

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -N user4

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user4:x:2023:100::/home/user4:/bin/bash  system group will be allocated to user,

[root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/group

gdm:x:42:

gnome-initial-setup:x:975:

sshd:x:74:

slocate:x:21:
rngd:x:974:

tcpdump:x:72:

student:x:1000:

jack:x:1001:

user1:x:2020:

admin:x:2021:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group

ftp:x:50:

lock:x:54:

audio:x:63:

users:x:100:

[root@localhost ~]# id user4

uid=2023(user4) gid=100(users) groups=100(users)

-c --> comment

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -c "redhat_user" user5

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user5:x:2024:2024:redhat_user:/home/user5:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/group

user5:x:2024:

-s --> login shell

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /bin/sh user6

user6:x:2025:2025::/home/user6:/bin/sh

[root@localhost ~]# echo "redhat" | passwd user6 --stdin

Changing password for user user6.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/shadow

user6:$6$x9rpH/LaNdvR9Q5N$zLd30C7V0kfIYEYo2qgkgIsWdVPcuLjmi1aYWHOPwjreCJjtrCZ5ejpwD4
GZdWGQvY2zyqMhrziTBmQ3dp2z./:19033:0:99999:7:::

#now login to user6 account

#alt+ctrl+F1login

User will get sh shell after

#alt+ctrl+F1

Login with root account

[root@localhost ~]# su - user6

[user6@localhost ~]$ echo $0

-sh

[user6@localhost ~]$ exit

logout

-d --> home directory

[root@localhost ~]# # useradd command will create users home directory in /home by default
setting. but we can customize
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -d /userdata user7

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user7:x:2026:2026::/userdata:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# su - user7

[user7@localhost ~]$ pwd

/userdata

[user7@localhost ~]$ touch apple

[user7@localhost ~]$ ls

apple

[user7@localhost ~]$ ll

total 0

-rw-rw-r--. 1 user7 user7 0 Feb 10 20:14 apple

[user7@localhost ~]$ exit

Logout

[root@localhost ~]# ls /

bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp usr

boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys userdata var

[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /userdata/

drwx------. 4 user7 user7 126 Feb 10 20:15 /userdata/

-b --> base directory

/home/jack

/home --> base directory. , jack --> home directory

[root@localhost ~]# ls /

base_dir boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys userdata var

bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp usr

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -b /base_dir user8

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user8:x:2027:2027::/base_dir/user8:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# su - user8

[user8@localhost ~]$ pwd

/base_dir/user8

[user8@localhost ~]$ touch abc

[user8@localhost ~]$ ls

abc

[user8@localhost ~]$ exit

logout

[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /base_dir/user8/

drwx------. 4 user8 user8 124 Feb 10 20:22 /base_dir/user8/

[root@localhost ~]# ls /base_dir/user8/

abc

-G --> assign group

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd testing

[root@localhost ~]# tail -2 /etc/group

testing:x:2029:

sales:x:2030:

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -G testing,sales user9

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user9:x:2029:2031::/home/user9:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/group

testing:x:2029:user9

sales:x:2030:user9

user9:x:2031:

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -G 2029 user10

[root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/group

sales:x:2030:user9

user9:x:2031:

user10:x:2032:

[root@localhost ~]# tail -4 /etc/group

testing:x:2029:user9,user10

sales:x:2030:user9

user9:x:2031:

user10:x:2032:

-e --> expiry date

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -e "31 dec 2022" user11

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/shadow

user11:!!:19033:0:99999:7::19357:

[root@localhost ~]# chage -l user11

Last password change : Feb 10, 2022

Password expires : never

Password inactive : never

Account expires : Dec 31, 2022

Minimum number of days between password change :0

Maximum number of days between password change : 99999

Number of days of warning before password expires :7

-f --> inactive period

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -f 10 user12

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user12:x:2032:2034::/home/user12:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/shadow

user12:!!:19033:0:99999:7:10::

[root@localhost ~]# chage -l user12

Last password change : Feb 10, 2022

Password inactive : never

Account expires : never

Minimum number of days between password change :0

Maximum number of days between password change : 99999

Number of days of warning before password expires :7

r --> create system user

[root@localhost ~]# useraad -r user13

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r user13

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

user13:x:974:973::/home/user13:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 5050 -g 1000 -s /bin/sh -d /user_home -c "RHCSA_USER" -G

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd

john:x:5050:1000:RHCSA_USER:/user_home:/bin/sh

[root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/group

testing:x:2029:user9,user10,john

sales:x:2030:user9,john

user9:x:2031:

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/shadow

john:!!:19033:0:99999:7::19072:

[root@localhost ~]# id john

[root@localhost ~]# groups john

john : student testing sales