SOLUTIONS 1

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTION

1. 4.5g of compund A (MW = 90) was used to make 250 5
 1 
mL of its aqueous solution. The molarity of the 3.72
solution in M is X  101 . The value of x is _______. 1.28

(Rounded off to the nearest integer) 3.72
(2021-02-024/Shfit - 1)  ClCH 2 COO   H 
ClCH 2 COOH 
C  C C C
Ans. 2.00
 C 
2

Weight Ka  C  0.2
Sol. Moles of A  C  C
M .w
 32 
4.5 1 0.2  
   0.05 Ka   93 
90 20  32 
1  
250  93 
Volume (Lit)    0.250 lit = 0.036
1000
= 36 × 10–3
Mole 0.05
Molarity  M     0.2 3. C6 H 6 freezes at 5.5C . The temperature at
 Lit 
volume 0.250
which a solution of 10g of C4 H10 in 200g of
1 mol
 2  10 C6 H 6 freeze is______ C. (The molal freezing
Lit
x=2 poing depression constant of C6 H 6 , is 5.12
C/m) (2021-02-24/Shift - 2)
2. When 9.45 g of ClCH2COOH is added to 500 mL of Ans. 1.00
water, its freezing point drops by 0.5oC. The
Sol. T f  k f  m
dissociation constant of ClCH2COOH is x 10 3 . The
value of x is_____.  10  1000 
 5.12   
(Rounded off to the nearest integer)  58  200 
K f
  H 2O 
 1.86 K kg mol 1 
 Tf  Tf so ln  4.41
(2021-02-24/Shift - 1)
Ans. 36.00  so ln  4.41
5.5  T f
Sol.
T f so ln  1.09C
4. 1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte A2 B3 is
60%. The boiling point of the solution at 1 atm
is______K. (Rounded-off to the nearest integer)
Total no. of moles  c  c  c 1    [Given K b for  H 2 O   0.52 K kg mol 1 ]
observed c 1    (2021-02-25/Shift - 1)
i   1   
calculate c Ans. 375.00
T f  0.5C Sol.
i  1 
9.45
0.5  1     1.86 
94.5
500
1000
 2 SOLUTIONS
Tb  ikb m –0.93ºC(Kf(H2O) = 1.86 K mol ). The number (n) of
–1

benzoic acid molecules associated (assuming 100%

i  1   n  1   1  5  1 0.6  3.4
association) is _______. (2021-02-26/Shift - 2)
Tb  3.4  0.52  1  1.768 K  1.77 K Ans. 2.00
T 'b  373  1.77 Sol.
T 'b  374.77 Tf  ik f m
Ans. = 375 12.2  1000 
0.93  i  1.86  
5. If a compound AB dissociates to the extent of 75% in  122  100 
an aqueous solution, the molality of the solution i  0.5
There for benzoic acid associated as dimer.
which shows a 25K rise in the boiling point of the
n  C5 H5 COOH    C6 H5 COOH  n
solution is ______molal. (2021-02-25/Shift - 2)
1 
Ans. 3.00 i  1    1     1 For 100% association
n 
Sol.
 1  
Tb  iK b m 0.5   1    1 1
 n  
i  1   n  1 
So n = 2.
 1   2  1 0.75
 1.75 8. A 6.50 molal solution of KOH (aq.) has a density of
Tb  iK b m 1.89 g cm–3. The molarity of the solution is _____
Tb  2.5 K mol dm–3. (Round off to the nearest integer).
2.5  1.75  0.52  m [Atomic masses: K : 39.0 u; O : 16.0 u; H : 1.0 u]
m  2.74 (2021-03-16/Shift - 1)
So, Ans. is 3
Ans. 9

6. 224 mL of SO2(g) at 298 K and 1 atm is passed through Sol.

100 mL of 0.1 M NaOH solution The non-volatile
solute produced is dissolved in 36 g of water. the 1000  M
m
lowering of vapour pressure of solution (assuming the 1000  d  M  M solute
o

solution is dilute) PH 2O  24 mm of Hg is  6.5 
1000  M
1890  M  56
x 102 mm of Hg, the value of x is ______. (integer 12285  364M  1000M
answer) (2021-02-26/Shift - 1) 1364M  12285
Ans. 24.00 M9
Sol.
SO 2  NaOH  NaHSO 3 9. AB2 is 10% dissociated in water to A2+ and B–. The
9.2 10  boiling point of a 10.0 molal aqueous solution of AB2 is
 0.8 9.2 _____ºC. (Round off to the nearest integer).
[Given: molal elevation constant of water Kb = 0.5 K kg
P  P 0 .X solute mol–1 boiling point of pure water 100ºC].
(2021-03-16/Shift - 1)
1.6  18.4  Ans. 106.00
 24 
2020 Sol.
 0.2376  23.76 102
 24  102

7. When 12.2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 100g of

water, the freezing point of solution was found to be
 SOLUTIONS 3

[Given: Atomic mass: H : 1.0u, O : 16.0u]

Tb  iK b m
(2021-03-17/Shift - 1)
i 1
 Ans. 64.00
n 1
i 1 Sol. Let weight of H2O = 1000g
0.1   AB  A 2   2B 
 3  1  2 Moles of solute = 100
i  1.2 1000
(mole) H2O 
Tb  1.2  0.5  10  6 18
 Tb  solution  106º C mole of solute
Mole fraction of solute 
Total moles

10. At 363K, the vapor pressure of A is 21 kPa and that of B 100 1800
is 18 kPa. One mole and 2 moles of B are mixed. Assuming  
1000 2800
that this solution is ideal, the vapor pressure the mixture 100 
18
is ______ kPa. (Round off to the nearest integer).
Xsolute = 64 × 10–2
(2021-03-16/Shift - 2)
Ans. 19 kPa
13. A 1 molal K4Fe(CN)6 solution has a degree of
dissociation of 0.4. Its boiling point is equal to that of
another solution which contains 18.1 weight percent of
Sol.
1 1 2 a non electrolytic solute A. The molar mass of A is
XA   ; XB 
1 2 3 3 ______u. (Round off the nearest integer).
PA  21kPa; PB  18kPa
o o
[Density of water - 1.0 g cm–3]
Ptotal  PAo X A  PBo X B (2021-03-17/Shift - 2)
1 2 Ans. 85.00
 21  18 
3 3 Sol. Since boiling point is same,
 7  12
 elevation in boiling point is also same for both
 19kPa
solution.
11. The oxygen dissolved in water exerts a partial pressure
of 20kPa in the vapour above water. The molar solubility
of oxygen in water is ________.
 TB k FeCN     TB A
4 6

(Round off to the nearnes integer).   ik b m  k  Fe  CN  

  ik b m  A
(Given: Henry’s law constant = KH = 8.0 × 104kPa for O2. 4  6

Density of water with dissolved oxygen = 1.0 kg dm–3) 18.1

(2021-03-17/Shift - 1) 1
 1000
Ans. 25.00 1  4   1  M
100  18.1
Sol.
18.1 1000
 2.6  
P g    K H  x M 81.9
 M  85
20  103  8.0  104 103   Solubility
14. 1 molal solution of a weak acid HA has a freezing point
20  103 of 3.885ºC. The degree of dissociation of this acid is
Solubility   2.5  104
8.0  107 _______ × 10-3. (Round off to the Nearest integer).
Solubility = 25 × 10–5 [Given: Molal depression constant of water = 1.85 K kg
mol–1 Freezing point of pure water = 0ºC].
(2021-03-14/Shift - 1)
12. The mole fraction of a solute in a 100 molal aqueous Ans. 50.00
Sol.
solution is ______ × 10–2.
(Round off to the nearest integer).
 4 SOLUTIONS
mole fraction of B in the vapour phase is x × 10–1. The
Tf sol  3.885º C value of x is _____. (Nearest integer)
(2021-07-20/Shift - 2)
Tf  3.885  i  k f  m Ans. 1.00
3.885  i  1.85  2 Sol. Since XA + XB = 1  XB = 1 – 0.6 = 0.4
Now,
3.885
i  1   Po X 15  0.4
1.85  2 YB  o B B o 
PA X A  PB X B 90  0.6  15  0.4
0.185
  0.05  50  103 6
3.7   0.1  10 1
54  6
18. CO2 gas is bubbled through water during a soft drink
15. A solute a dimerizes in water. The boiling point of a 2 manufacturing process 298K. If CO2 exerts a partial
molal solution of A is 100.52ºC. The percentage pressure of 0.835 bar, then x mmol of CO2 would dissolve
association of A is ________ . (Round off to the nearest in 0.9 L of water. The value of x is ______. (Nearest
integer). integer)
[Use: Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol–1 boiling point of (Henry’s law constant for CO2 at 298 K is 1.67 × 103 bar)
(2021-07-25/Shift - 1)
water = 100ºC]. Ans. 25.01
(2021-03-18/Shift - 2) Sol. 0.9 L of water will weight 900g.
Ans. 1
900
Sol. Thus, moles of water   50
18
2A  A 2 Now, using Henry’s law p = KHX
1  x 
N  0.835  1.67 103  
2  x  50 
m  2; Tb so ln .  100.52  x 
 0.0005   
Tb  0.52  x  50 
 i  Kb  m  0.0005x  0.025  x
0.52  i  0.52  2 0.025
x  0.02501moles  25.01mmoles
1 1  0.9995
i  1  1    1
2 2  19. When 3.00 g of a substance ‘X’ is dissolved in 100g of
 1 CCl4, it raises the boiling by 0.60K. The molar mass of
 the substance ‘X’ is ______ g mol–1. (Nearest integer).
2 2 [Given - Kb for CCl4 is 5.0 K kg mol–1]
 1 (2021-07-25/Shift - 2)
Ans. 250.00
16. At 20ºC, the vapour pressure of benzene is 70 torr and
that of methyl benzene is 20 torr. The mole fraction of Sol. Tb  K b m
benzene in the vapour phase at 20ºC above an equimolar  Wt.  1000 
mixture of benzene and methyl benzene is ________  5   
×10 –2. (Nearest integer)  M.M  Mass of solvent  g  
(2021-07-20/Shift - 1)
Ans. 78.00 3  1000
 5
Sol. Let benzene be A and methyl benzene be B. Since the M.M 100
mixture is equimolar, the mole fractions in the solution 150
phase, 0.6 
XA = XB = 0.5. M.M
Now, for mole fractino in vapour phase, 150
M.M   250g / mol
P Po X 0.6
YA  A  o A A o
PT PA X A  PB X B 20. In a solvent 50% of an acid HA dimerizes and the rest
70  0.5 35 dissociates. The Van’t Hoff factor of the acid is _____ ×
 YA    0.78 10–2. (Round off to the nearest integer)
70  0.5  20  0.5 45 (2021-07-27/Shift - 2)
Ans. 125.00
17. The vapour pressures of A and B at 25ºC are 90 mm Hg Sol. Let there was one mole of HA initially.
and 15 mm Hg respectively. If A and B are mixed such (i) Dissociation of 0.5 mole HA will produce 0.5 moles of
that the mole fraction of A in the mixture is 0.6, then the H+ and 0.5 moles of A–.
 SOLUTIONS 5
[Use: molal freezing point depression constant of water
0.5 = 1.86 K kg mol–1, Freezing point of water = 273 K, Atomic
(ii) Dimerisation of 0.5 mole HA will produce moles masses; C - 12.0 u, O - 16.0 u, H - 1.0 u]
2
of (HA)2 (2021-8-26/Shift - 2)
Thus, the total moles of particles after dissociation + Ans. 269.00
Sol.
0.5
association = 0.5 + 0.5 + = 1.25  Tf  k f  m
2
Now, 83 / 62
  Tfo  Tf   1.86 
625 /1000
number of particles after dissociation + association 1.86  83  1000
i  273  Tf   3.984
number of particles before dissociation + association 62  625
1.25  273  Tf  3.984
i  125 102
1  Tf  269.016K
21. 1.46g of a biopolymer dissolved in a 100 mL water at 300 25. 1 kg of 0.75 molal aqueous solution of sucrose can be
K exerted an osmotic pressure of 2.42 × 10–3 bar. The cooled up to –4ºC before freezing. The amount of ice (in
molar mass of the biopolymer is _______ × 104g mol–1 g) that will be separated out is ________. (Nearest
(Round off to the nearest integer) integer)
[Use: R = 0.083 L bar mol–1 K–1] [Given: Kf(H2O) = 1.86 K kg mol–1]
(2021-07-27/Shift - 2) (2021-08-27/Shift - 1)
Ans. 15.00 Ans. 518.00
Sol. Sol. Let mass of water initially present = x gm
wRT Mass of sucrose = (1000 – x) gm

MV  1000  x 
wRT 1.46  0.083  300 Moles of sucrose   
M   342 
V 2.42 103  0.1  1000  x 
 15.02 10 g mol1
4   x 1000  x
342 
 0.75    
 x  1000 342  0.75
22. Of the following four aqueous solutions, total number  
of those solutions whose freezing point is lower than  1000 
that of 0.10 m C2H5OH is ______. (Integer answer)  256.6x  106  1000x
(i) 0.10 m Ba3(PO4)2
(ii) 0.10 m Na2SO4  x  795.86gm
(iii) 0.10 m KCl  moles of sucrose = 0.5969
(iv) 0.10 m Li3PO4 (2021-8-26/Shift -1) New mass of H2O = a kg
Ans. 4.00 0.5969
Sol. As 0.1 M C2H2OH is non-dissociative (i = 1) and rest all 4  1.86  a  0.2775kg
salt given are dissociating electrolytes so in each case i a
> 1.  ice separated = (795.86 – 277.5) = 518.3 gm
Tf  i  K f  m
26. 40g of glucose (Molar mass = 180) is mixed with 200 mL
So, each will have lower freezing point. of water. The freezing point of solution is ______ K.
(Nearest integer)
23. An aqueous KCl solution of density 1.20 g mL–1 has a [Given: Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1; Density of water = 1.00 g
molality of 3.30 mol kg–1. the molarity of the solution in cm–3; Freezing point of water = 273.15 K]
mol L–1 is _______ (nearest integer). (2021-08-27/Shift - 2)
[Molar mass of KCl = 74.5] (2021-8-26/Shift -1) Ans. 271.00
Ans. 3.00
Sol. 1000 g solvent has 3.3 moles of KCl  40 
1000 g solvent  3.3 × 74.5g KCl  245.85 g KCl   mol
Sol. Molality   180   10 
Weight of solution = 1245.85g    mol
0.2kg 9
1245.85
Volume of solution  ml 10
1.2  Tf  Tf  Tf '  1.865
3.3  1.2 9
So, molarity   1000  3.17 10
1245.85  Tf '  273.15  1.86 
9
24. 83g of ethylene glycol dissolved in 625 g of water. The  271.08K
freezing point of the solution is ______ K. (Nearest
integer)
 6 SOLUTIONS

27. 1.22g of an organic acid is separately dissolved in 100g 29. The water having more dissolved O2 is:
of benzene (Kb = 2.6 K kg mol–1) and 100g of acetone (Kb (2021-07-08/Shift - )
= 1.7 K kg mol–1). The acid is known to dimerize in (a) Boiling water
benzene but remain as a monomer is acetone. The boiling (b) Water at 80ºC
point of the solution in acetone increases by 0.17ºC. (c) Polluted water
The increse in boiling point of solution in benzene in ºC (d) Water at 4ºC
is x ×10–2. The value of x is _______. (Nearest interger) Ans. (d)
[Atomic mass: C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0] Sol. As the temperature increases, the solubility of gases in
(2021-08-31/Shift - 2) the liquid decreases. Thus, water at 4ºC will have
Ans. 13×10–2 maximum dissolved oxygen.
Sol. With benzene as solvent Polluted water has less oxygen concentration than
Tb  iK b m normal water as a large population of bacteria
decomposes organic matter present in water. They
1 1.22 / M w consume oxygen dissolved in water.
Tb   2.6  ....  i 
2 100 / 1000
With acetone as solvent 30. Which one of the following 0.06 M aqueous solutions
has lowest freezing point?
Tb  iK b m (2021-07-22/Shfit - 2)
1.22 / M w (a) Al2(SO4)3
0.17  1 1.7  ....  ii  (b) C6H12O6
100 / 1000 (c) KI
Dividing - (1)/(2) (d) K2SO4
1 1.22 / M w Ans. (a)
 2.6 
Tb As the value of Tf increases, the freezing point of the
 2 100 / 1000 Sol.
0.17 1.22 / M w solution decreases. Since all the given solutions have
1 1.7  the same concentration, the one with maximum value of
100 / 1000
0.26 Tf van’t Hoff factor for the solute will have minimum
Tb  freezing point. The values are-
2
Tb  13  10 2 Al2  SO 4 3  5
C6 H12 O6  1
28. Given below are two stateements:
Statement I: A mixture of chloroform and aniline can be KI  2
separated by simple distillation. K 2SO 4  3
Statement II: When separating aniline from a mixture of Thus, among given solutions, ap. solution of Al2(SO4)3
aniline and water by steam distillation aniline boils below will have lowest freezing point.
its boiling point.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most 31. Which one of the following 0.10 M aqueous solutions
appropriate answer from the options given below. will exhibit the largest freezing point depression?
(2021-02-26/Shift - 1) (2021-08-31/Shift - 1)
(a) Both statement I and statement II are true. (a) Hydrazine (b) Glucose
(b) Both statement I and statement II are false. (c) Glycine (d) KHSO4
(c) Statement I is false but statement II is true Ans. (d)
(d) Statement I is true but statement II is false. Sol. Since van’t Hoff factor is highest for KHSO4, therefore
Ans. (a)
Sol. Statement I: B.P. of chloroform - 331K colligative property ( Tf ) will be highest for KHSO4.
B.P. of aniline = 457 K
Thus can be separated of simple distillation.
Statement 2: Mixture of aniline and water seprated by
simple distillation.
SOLUTIONS 7

32. Solute A associates as dimer in water. When 0.7 g of Sol. T f  k f m

solute A is dissolved in 42.0 g of water, it depresses 1/ M x
the freezing point by 0.2 oC. The percentage T f  A  1 k f  mA
   1
T f  B  4 k f  mB 1/ M y
association of solute A in water is:
1
[Given: Molar mass of A = 93 g mol–1. Molal
1 My
depression constant of water is 1.86 K kg mol–1.  
4 Mx
(JEE Main 2022)
(a) 50% (b) 60%  M x : M y  1: 0.25
(c) 70% (d) 80% 35. Boiling point of a 2% aqueous solution of a
Ans. (d) nonvolatile solute A is equal to the boiling point of 8%
Sol. ∆Tf = i Kf × m aqueous solution of a non-volatile solute B. The
0.2 = i × 1.86 × m relation between molecular weights of A and B is
 0.7 1000  (JEE Main 2022)
0.2 = i × 1.86 ×   
 93 42.7  (a) MA = 4MB (b) MB = 4MA
0.2 (c) MA = 8MB (d) MB = 8MA
i= = 0.61
0.327 Ans. (b)
1  Sol.  Tb  A   Tb  B
i = 1 +   1 
n  K b .mA  K b .mB
2A ⇌ A2  mA  mB
n=2
2 8
1    1000   1000
i = 1 +   1  MA MB
2 
100 100
1  M B  4M A
0.6 – 1 = 
2 36. A company dissolves ‘x’ amount of CO2 at 298 K in 1
0.4 × 2 = α
litre of water to prepare soda water. X = ____ × 10–3 g.
α = 0.8 ⇒ 80%
33. The depression in freezing point observed for a formic (nearest integer)
acid solution of concentration 0.5 mL L–1 is 0.0405°C. (Given: partial pressure of CO2 at 298 K = 0.835 bar.
Density of formic acid is 1.05 g mL–1. The Van't Hoff Henry's law constant for CO2 at 298K = 1.67 kbar.
factor of the formic acid solution is nearly: (Given for Atomic mass of H, C and O is 1, 12, and 6 g mol–1,
water kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1) (JEE Main 2022) respectively) (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 0.8 (b) 1.1 Ans. (1221)
(c) 1.9 (d) 2.4 Sol. p  K H xCO2
Ans. (c) WCO2 / 44
Sol. Concentration of formic acid solution = 0.5 mL L–1 0.835  1.67 103 
WCO2 1000
(Mass of water = volume of water) 
Molality of formic acid solution
44 18
WCO2 = 1.221 g = 1221 × 10–3 g
 0.5  1.05  1
    0.0114m
 46  1 37. The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.47 bar at 300 K. To
∆Tf = iKfm inject glucose to a patient intravenously, it has to be
0.0405 = i × 1.86 × m isotonic with blood. The concentration of glucose
0.0405 1 solution in gL–1 is_____. (Molar mass of glucose =
i   1.91
1.86 0.0114 180 g mol–1
34. Two solutions A and B are prepared by dissolving 1 g R = 0.083 L bar K–1 mol–1) (Nearest integer)
of non-volatile solutes X and Y. respectively in 1 kg of (JEE Main 2022)
water. The ratio of depression in freezing points for A Ans. (54)
and B is found to be 1 : 4. The ratio of molar masses of Sol.   CRT
X and Y is : (JEE Main 2022) 7.47 bar  C  0.083 L bar K 1 mol 1  300K
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 0.25 7.47
C  0.3M
(c) 1 : 0.20 (d) 1 : 5 0.083  300
Ans. (b) = 0.3 moles glucose in 1 L
SOLUTIONS 8

Strength of Glucose (g/L) = 0.3 x 180 = 54 g/L 0.52  2.5  103

Molar mass  = 45.02 g/mol
38. A 0.5 percent solution of potassium chloride was 0.385  75
found to freeze at –0.24oC. The percentage Molar mass of solute = 45 g/mol
dissociation of potassium chloride is_____. (Nearest 41. 2 g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute is dissolved
integer) in 200 g of two different solvents A and B whose
(Molal depression constant for water is 1.80 K kg ebullioscopic constants are in the ratio of 1 : 8. The
mol–1 and molar mass of KCl is 74.6 g mol–1). elevation in boiling point of A and B are in the ratio
(JEE Main 2022) x
Ans. (98)  x : y  . The value of y is _____. (Nearest Integer)
y
Sol. Tf  i  K f  m (JEE Main 2022)
T f 0.24 Ans. (8)
i 
K f  m 180  0.5 1000 Sol. Tb  kb m

74.6 99.5  Tb  A  Kb  A 1 x
0.24  74.6  99.5   
i  1.98  Tb B  Kb  B 8 y
1.80  0.5  1000
So y = 8
KCl  K   Cl 
42. The vapour pressures of two volatile liquids A and B
At t = 0 1 0 0 at 25 oC are 50 Torr and 100 Torr, respectively. If the
At t 1   liquid mixture contains 0.3 mole fraction of A, then
Total no. of moles  1   x
observe particle the mole fraction of liquid B in the vapour phase is
i 17
no. of particles . The value of x is _____. (JEE Main 2022)
i  1  Ans. (14)
1.98  1   Sol. x A  0.3
  0.98; %  98%
xB  1  0.3  0.7
39. The osmotic pressure exerted by a solution prepared
by dissolving 2.0 g of protein of molar mass 60 kg PT  PAo x A  PBo xB
mol–1 in 200 mL of water at 27°C is ______ Pa.  50  0.3  100  0.7  85 mm Hg
[integer value] PB 70 x
yB   
(Use R = 0.083 L bar mol–1 K–1) (JEE Main 2022) PTotal 85 17
Ans. (415) x  14
Sol.   CRT 43. 2.5 g of protein containing only glycine (C2H5NO2) is
 2 1000  dissolved in water to make 500 mL of solution. The
    0.083  300
 60000 200  osmotic pressure of this solution at 300 K is found to
  0.00415 Bar be 5.03 × 10–3 bar. The total number of glycine units
1 Bar = 105 Pa present in the protein is _____.
0.00415 Bar = 415 Pa (Given: R= 0.083 L bar K–1 mol–1)
Osmotic pressure = 415 Pa (JEE Main 2022)
40. A solution containing 2.5 x 10–3 kg of a solute Ans. (330)
dissolved in 75 x 10–3 kg of water boils at 373.535 K. Sol. π = CRT
The molar mass of the solute is _____ g mol–1. 2.5  0.083  300 1000
[nearest integer] (Given: Kb(H2O) = 0.52 K kg 5.03 103 
M  500
mol–1 and boiling point of water = 373.15 K)
62, 250
(JEE Main 2022) M  24751.5g mol 1
5.03  103  500
Ans. (45)
24751.5
Sol. Tb  373.535  373.150  0.385 K Number of glycine units in the protein = =
75
Tb  Kb  m
330
 2.5  103  103 1  44. 1.2 mL of acetic acid is dissolved in water to make 2.0
0.385  0.52    3 
 Molar mass 75 10  L of solution. The depression in freezing point
observed for this strength of acid is 0.0198 oC. The
SOLUTIONS 9

percentage of dissociation of the acid is_____. Depression in freezing point is given by

(Nearest integer) Tf  K f m 6  K f  2 ... (2)
Dividing (1) by (2)
[Given: Density of acetic acid is 1.02 g mL–1
Kb 1 1
Molar mass of acetic acid is 60 g mol–1  
Kf X 1
Kf(H2O) = 1.85 K kg mol–1] (JEE Main 2022) X 1
Ans. (5) 47. When a certain amount of solid A is dissolved in 100 g
of water at 25°C to make a dilute solution, the vapour
Sol. Tf  iK f m
pressure of the solution is reduced to one-half of that
1.2  1.02 of pure water. The vapour pressure of pure water is
0.0198  i  1.85 
60  2 23.76 mmHg. The number of moles of solute A added
(As moles of solute are very less, we can take is________. (Nearest Integer) (JEE Main 2022)
molarity and molality same)
Ans. (3)
0.0198  120
i Sol. ∵ Dilute solution given:
1.85  1.2  1.02
P o  PS n
solute
2.376 ~ n
i P o
solvent
2.2644
Po
i  1.05 Po  n
2  solute
i 1
 Po n
solvent
n 1 n
solvent 100
1.05  1
n
solute    2.78 mol  3
  0.05 2 18  2
1 48. 150 g of acetic acid was contaminated with 10.2 g
%  5%
ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) to lower down its freezing
45. Elevation in boiling point for 1.5 molal solution of
point by (x × 10–1)°C. The value of x is ________.
glucose in water is 4 K. The depression in freezing (Nearest integer) [Given Kf = 3.9 K kg mol–1; Molar
point for 4.5 molal solution of glucose in water is 4 K. mass of ascorbic acid = 176 g mol–1]
(JEE Main 2022)
The ratio of molal elevation constant to molal
Ans. (15)
depression constant (Kb/Kf) is _____. Sol. 150g CH3COOH
(JEE Main 2022) 10.2g ascorbic acid ⇒ 0.058 moles
Ans. (3) ΔTf = (x × 10-1)oC
ΔTf =kf.Molarity
Sol. ∆Tb = Kb m
0.058
4  3.9   1000
Kb = 150
1.5
= 1.5oC
∆Tf = Kf m
= 15 × 10-1 oC
4 49. A gaseous mixture of two substances A and B, under a
Kf =
4.5 total pressure of 0.8 atm is in equilibrium with an ideal
K b 4.5 liquid solution. The mole fraction of substance A is 0.5
 3
K f 1.5 in the vapour phase and 0.2 in the liquid phase. The
46. The elevation in boiling point for 1 molal solution of vapour pressure of pure liquid A is _______ atm.
non-volatile solute A is 3 K. The depression in (Nearest integer) (JEE Main 2022)
freezing point for 2 molal solution of A in the same Ans. (2)
solvent is 6 K. The ratio of Kb and Kf i.e., Kb/Kf is 1 : Sol. X A  0.2, YA  0.5, PT  0.8atm
X. The value of X is [nearest integer] PA  YA  PT
(JEE Main 2022)  0.5  0.8  0.4
Ans. (1) Now,
Sol. Molality of a solution of non volatile solute (A) = 1 PA  X A  PAo
Elevation in boiling point is given by Tb  K b m
PA 0.4
3  K b  1 ... (1) PAo    2 atm
X A 0.2
Molality of (A) in the same solvent = 2
SOLUTIONS 10

50. If O2 gas is bubbled through water at 303 K, the Vapour pressure (V.P.) of solvent is greater than
number of millimoles of O2 gas that dissolve in 1 litre vapour pressure (V.P.) of solution.
of water is_______. (Nearest Integer) Only solvent freezes.
53. Match List I with List II
(Given: Henry's Law constant for O2 at 303 K is 46.82
k bar and partial pressure of O2 = 0.920 bar) (Assume List I List II
solubility of O2 in water is too small, nearly negligible) (A). Van’t Hoff I. Cryoscopic constant
(JEE Main 2022) factor, i
Ans. (1) (B). k f II. Isotonic solutions
Sol. PO2  0.92bar (C). Solutions with Normal molar mass
III.
K H  46.82kbar same osmotic Abnomal molar mass
pressure
 46820bar
(D). Azeotropes IV. Solutions with same
PO 0.92
xO2  2  compositions of vapour above
k H 46820 it
 0.0000196  1.96  10 5 Choose the correct answer from the options given
n n below: (JEE Main 2023)
xO2  
n  55.5 55.5 (a) A  III , B  I , C  II , D  IV
nO2  55.5 1.96 105 103 mmoles  1mmole (b) A  III , B  II , C  I , D  IV
51. 1.80 g of solute A was dissolved in 62.5 cm of 3 (c) A  III , B  I , C  IV , D  II
ethanol and freezing point of the solution was found to (d) A  I , B  III , C  II , D  IV
be 155.1 K. The molar mass of solute A is __g mol–1. Ans. (a)
[Given: Freezing point of ethanol is 156.0 K. Density Sol. (A) Van’t Hoff factor, i
of ethanol is 0.80 g cm–3. Normal molar mass
Freezing point depression constant of ethanol is 2.00 K i
Abnomal molar mass
kg mol–1] (JEE Main 2022) (B) k f  Cryoscopic constant
Ans. (80)
(C) Solutions with same osmotic pressure are known as
Sol. Mass of solvent  d  V  0.8  62.5  50 g isotonic solutions.
 1.8  1000  (D) Solutions with same composition of vapour over
Tf  k f  m 0.9  2   them are called Azeotrope.
 M Solute  50  54. Evaluate the following statements for their correctness.
 2  1.8  1000  (A) The elevation in boiling point temperature of water
M Solute     80 g
 0.9  50  will be same for 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M urea.
52. In the depression of freezing point experiment (B) Azeotropic mixtures boil without change in their
A. Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of composition
pure solvent (C) Osmosis always takes place from hypertonic to
B. Vapour pressure of the solution is more than that of hypotonic solution
pure solvent (D) The density of 32% H 2 SO4 solution having
C. Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point
molarity 4.09 M is approximately 1.26 g mL 1
D. Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing
(E) A negatively charged sol is obtained when KI
point (JEE Main 2023)
solution is added to silver nitrate solution.
(a) A and D only (b) B and C only
Choose the correct answer from the options given
(c) A and C only (d) A only
below : (JEE Main 2023)
Ans. (a)
(a) B, D, and E only
(b) A, B, and D only
(c) A and C only
(d) B and D only
Ans. (d)
Sol. (A)  Tb  i  c
(B) Azeotropic mixtures have same composition in
Sol. both liquid and vapour phase.
SOLUTIONS 11

(C) Osmosis always takes place from hypotonic to

hypertonic solution.
30  10  1.26
(D) M   4.09M
98
(E) When KI solutions is added to AgNO3 solution,
positively charged solution results due to adsorption of
Ag+ ions from dispersion medium AgI / Ag+ Positively
charged (Given: R = 0.083 L atm K–1 mol–1)
55. What weight of glucose must be dissolved in 100 g of (JEE Main 2023)
water to lower the vapour pressure by 0.20 mm Hg? Ans. (41500)
(Assume dilute solution is being formed)
Given: Vapour pressure of pure water is 54.2 mm Hg W/M
Sol.   M  RT    RT
at room temperature. Molar mass of glucose is  V 
180 g mol –1 (JEE Main 2023)  W  1   RT 
      RT  C  
(a) 4.69 g (b) 3.59 g  V  M   M 
(c) 3.69 g (d) 2.59 g  RT
Ans. (c)    f c
C M
P 0  Ps n
Sol.   for dilute solution  If we assume graph between

and C
P0 N C
0.2 n  18

54.2 100
100
n
271 18
100  180
w ; w  3.69g
271 18
56. The Total pressure observed by mixing two liquid A
and B is 350 mm Hg when their mole fractions are 0.7 Assuming π vs C graph
and 0.3 respectively. RT 0.083  300
Slope    6  104
The Total pressure becomes 410 mm Hg if the mole M M
fractions are changed to 0.2 and 0.8 respectively for A 0.083  300 830  300
and B. The vapour pressure of pure A is ______ mm M  
6  104 6
Hg. (Nearest integer)
Consider the liquids and solutions behave ideally. = 41,500 gm/mole
(JEE Main 2023) 58. The number of pairs of the solution having the same
Ans. (314) value of the osmotic pressure from the following is
________.
Sol. Let V.P. of pure A be P 0A
(Assume 100% ionization)
Let V.P of pure B be P 0B
A. 0.500 M C2 H 5OH (aq) and 0.25 M KBr (aq)
When XA = 0.7 & XB = 0.3
Ps = 350 B. 0.100 M K 4  Fe  CN 6  (aq) and 0.100 M
⇒ P 0A × 0.7 + P 0B × 0.3 = 350 …(i)
FeSO4  NH 4  2 SO4 (aq)
When XA = 0.2 & XB = 0.8
Ps = 410 C. 0.05 M K 4  Fe  CN 6  (aq) and 0.25 M NaCl (aq)
⇒ P 0A × 0.2 + P 0B × 0.8 = 410 …(ii)
D. 0.15 M NaCl (aq) and 0.1 M BaCl2 (aq)
Solving (i) and (ii)
P 0A = 314 mm Hg E. 0.02 M KCl. MgCl2 . 6 H 2 O (aq) and 0.05 M KCl
P 0B = 434 mm Hg (aq) (JEE Main 2023)
= (314) Ans. (4)
57. The osmotic pressure of solutions of PVC in Sol.   iCRT
cyclohexanone at 300 K are plotted on the graph.   iC
A, B, D and E have same value of osmatic pressure
The molar mass of PVC is ___________ g mol –1
59. Based on the given figure, the number of correct
(Nearest integer) statement/s is/are _______
SOLUTIONS 12

61. A solution containing 2 g of a non–volatile solute in 20

g of water boils at 373.52 K. The molecular mass of
the solute is ______ g mol–1. (Nearest integer)
Given, water boils at 373 K, Kb for water = 0.52 K kg
mol–1 (JEE Main 2023)
Ans. (100)
Sol. Tb  373.52 – 373  0.52
Tb  Kb.m
2 1
A. Surface tension is the outcome of equal attractive 0.52  0.52  
Molar mass 20  103
and repulsion forces acting on the liquid molecule Molar Mass = 100g/mol
in bulk. 62. At 27oC, a solution containing 2.5 g of solute in 250.0
mL of solution exerts an osmotic pressure of 400 Pa.
B. Surface tension is due to uneven forces acting on
The molar mass of the solute is ____ g mol–1 (Nearest
the molecules present on the surface. integer)
C. The molecule in the bulk can never come to the (Given: R = 0.083 L bar K–1 mol–1)
(JEE Main 2023)
liquid surface.
Ans. (62250)
D. The molecules on the surface are responsible for Sol. π = CRT
vapour pressure if the system is a closed system. 2.5g
(JEE Main 2023) 400Pa Mo L  bar
  0.83  300K
105 250 / 1000L K.mol
Ans. (2) Mo = 62250
Sol. B and D options are correct. 63. The total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases X
60. Solid Lead nitrate is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The (0.6 g) and Y (0.45 g) in a vessel is 740 mm of Hg.
solution was found to boil at 100.15 C. When 0.2 mol The partial pressure of the gas X is ________ mm of
of NaCl is added to the resulting solution, it was Hg. (Nearest Integer)
(Given: molar mass X = 20 and Y = 45 g mol–1)
observed that the solution froze at 0.8 C . The
(JEE Main 2023)
solubility product of PbCl2 formed is ______ 106
Ans. (555)
at 298 K. (Nearest integer) Sol. PX   X PT
Given: K b  0.5 K kg mol 1 and K f  1.8kg mol 1 . 0.6
Assume molality to be equal to molarity in all cases.  20  740
(JEE Main 2023) 0.6 0.45

Ans. (13) 20 45
PX = 555 mm Hg
Sol. Let a mole Pb  NO3 2 be added
64. 25 mL of an aqueous solution of KCl was found to
Pb  NO3 2  Pb 2   2 NO3 require 20 mL of 1 M AgNO3 solution when titrated
a a a using K2CrO4 as an indicator. What is the depression
Tb  0.15  0.5 3a   a  0.1 in freezing point of KCl solution of the given
concentration? ____________ (Nearest integer).
Pb2aq   2Claq   PbCl2  s 
(Given : Kf = 2.0 K kg mol–1)
t=0 0.1 0.2 Assume
t = ∞ (0.1 - x) (0.2 - 2x)
1) 100% ionization and
In final solution
2) density of the aqueous solution as 1 g mL–1
 0.3  3 x  0.2  0.2 
T f  0.8  1.8   (JEE Main 2023)
 1 
Ans. (3)
2.3
x
27
2
 2.3   4.6  6
 K sp   0.1    0.2    13  10
 27   27  Sol.
SOLUTIONS 13

At equivalence point, D. 2.5 M aq. KCl and 1 M aq. Al2(SO4)3

mmole of KCl = mmole of AgNO3 = 20 mmole (JEE Main 2023)
Volume of solution = 25 ml Ans. (4)
Mass of solution = 25 gm
Sol.   icRT
Mass of solvent
A, B, C and D are isotonic pairs.
= 25 – mass of solute
68. The vapour pressure vs. temperature curve for a
 25 –  20  10 –3  74.5
solution solvent system is show below.
= 23.51 gm
Molality of KCl =
mole of KCl 20  10 3
  0.85
mass of solvent in kg 23.51  10 3
i of KCl = 2 (100% ionisation)
T f  i  K f  m
 2  2  0.85
= 3.4
3
65. 20% of acetic acid is dissociated when its 5 g is added
to 500 mL of water. The depression in freezing point
of such water is 10 3  C . Atomic mass of C, H and
The boiling point of the solvent is _______ oC
O are 12,1 and 16 a.m.u. respectively.
(JEE Main 2023)
[Given: Molal depression constant and density of
Ans. (82)
water are 1.86 K kg mol–1 and 1 g cm–3 respectively.
Sol. Boiling point of solvent is 82oC
(JEE Main 2023) Boiling point of solution is 83oC
Ans. (372) 69. If the boiling points of two solvents X and Y (having
Sol. i  1   n  1  same molecular weights) are in the ratio 2:1 and their
(i  1  0.2  2  1  1.2 enthalpy of vaporizations are in the ratio 1:2, then the
boiling point elevation constant of X is m times the
T f  iK f m
boiling point elevation constant of Y. The value of m
5  1000 is ________ (nearest integer). (JEE Main 2023)
T f  1.2  1.86 
60  500 Ans. (8)
t f  3.72  TB  x 2  H x 1
Sol.  
Tf  372 102  TB  y 1  H  y 2
66. Mass of Urea  NH 2 CONH 2  required to be dissolved  TB x  K B  x  molality
m
in 1000 g of water in order to reduce the vapour  TB  y  K B  y  molality
pressure of water by 25% is _____ g. (Nearest integer)
 T.B x H y
2
Given: Molar mass of N , C , O and H are 14, 12, 16     2  2  8
2

 T.B y  H x
2
and 1gmol 1 respectively. (JEE Main 2023)
Ans. (1111) 70. If the degree of dissociation of aqueous solution of
x weak monobasic acid is determined to be 0.3, then the
P 0  Ps n solute 60 P 0  0.75P 0 observed freezing point will be ______ % higher than
Sol.   
Ps n solvent 1000 0.75P 0 the expected/theoretical freezing point. (Nearest
18 integer) (JEE Main 2023)
10000 Ans. (30)
x  1111gm Sol. i = 1 + α (for HA)
9
67. Consider the following pairs of solution which will be = 1.3
isotonic at the same temperature. The number of pairs  Tf obs   Tf cal
%increase   100
of solutions is / are _________  Tf cal
A. 1 M aq. NaCl and 2 M aq. Urea Kf  i  m  Kf  m
B. 1 M aq. CaCl2 and 1.5 M aq. KCl   100
Kf  m
C. 1.5 M aq. AlCl3 and 2 M aq. Na2SO4
SOLUTIONS 14

i 1 [Given: The density of 30% (w/v) aqueous solution of

 100  30%
1 glucose is 1.2 g cm–3 and vapour pressure of pure
71. An aqueous solution of volume 300cm3 contains water is 24 mm Hg.]
0.63g of protein. The osmotic pressure of the solution (Molar mass of glucose is 180 g mol–1)
at 300 K is 1.29 mbar. The molar mass of the protein is (JEE Main 2023)
______ g mol 1 Ans. (23)
24  Ps m 18
Given: R  0.083 L bar K 1mol 1 (JEE Main 2023) Sol. 
Ps 1000
Ans. (40535) wt of solute = 30 gm
Sol.   CRT Volume of solution = 100 mL
n wt. of solution  1.2 100  120 gm
  RT
V wt. of solvent = 120 – 30 =90 gm
 RT 30  1000
 m  1.85
V M 180  90
 RT 24  Ps 1.85  18
M 
 V Ps 1000
0.63  0.083  300 24–Ps = 0.0333 Ps
M
1.29  10 3  300  103 Ps(1.033) = 24
M = 40535 gm/mol Ps = 23.22
72. 0.004 M K2SO4 solution is isotonic with 0.01 M 75. Solution of 12 g of non-electrolyte (A) prepared by
glucose solution. Percentage dissociation of K2SO4 is dissolving it in 1000 mL of water exerts the same
_____ (Nearest integer) (JEE Main 2023) osmotic pressure as that of 0.05 M glucose solution at
Ans. (75) the same temperature. The empirical formula of A is
Sol. Isotonic solutions, CH2O. The molecular mass of A is _________ g.
 K2SO4   Glucose (Nearest integer) (JEE Main 2023)
Ans. (240)
i  0.004  RT  0.01 RT
i = 25 Sol. For Isotonic solutions
For K2SO4 {for dissociation i = 1+ (n – 1)α} π1 = π2
⇒ C 1 = C2
i  1 2.5  1
DOD      0.75 12
n 1 3 1 = 0.05[x → Molar Mass of A]
x
% dissociation = 75
x = 240
73. 80 mole percent of MgCl2 is dissociated in aqueous
76. Sea water contains 29.25% NaCl and 19% MgCl2 by
solution. The vapour pressure of 1.0 molal aqueous weight of solution. The normal boiling point of the sea
solution of MgCl2 at 38 C is ______ mm Hg. water is _____°C (Nearest integer).
(Nearest integer) Assume 100% ionization for both NaCl and MgCl2
Given: Vapour pressure of water at 38 C is 50 mm Given : Kb(H2O) = 0.52 K kg mol–1
Molar mass of NaCl and MgCl2 is 58.5 and
Hg (JEE Main 2023)
Ans. (48) 95 g mol –1 respectively. (JEE Main 2023)
Sol. MgCl 2  Mg 2  2Cl  Ans. (116)
 2
1 Sol. Amount of solvent = 100 — (29.25 + 19) = 51.75g
i = 1 + 2α (α = 0.8)  2  29.25  1000 3  19 1000 
i = 2.6 Tb     0.52
 58.5  51.75 95  51.75 
p i  n 2
 ∆Tb = 16.075
po n1 ∆Tb = (Tb)solution – (Tb)solvent
p  2.34 (Tb) solution = 100 + 16.07
ps = 47.66 = 116.07°C
ps ≅ 48
74. The vapour pressure of 30% (w/v) aqueous solution of
glucose is _______ mm Hg at 25oC