KALABURAGI – 585103

Department Of Civil Engineering (Co-Ed)

Laboratory Manual

Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

Subject Code: (22CVL38)
 Kalaburagi – 585 103
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mr. / Ms. ……………………………………........................

bearing USN ……………............. Sem.……………. Branch………….………………

has satisfactorily completed the practical experiments of………………………………

….…………………………………Laboratory for the year …………………

Signature of the Teacher Head of the Department

(In charge of the Batch)
 Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing-LAB
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
SEMESTER –III

Subject Code 22CVL55 CIE: 50

Number of Lecture
03 SEE: 50
Hours/Week:

Total Number of
40 Exam Hours: 03
Lecture Hours:

CREDITS –01

Modules
Module -1 10 Hours
Drawing Basics: Selection of scales for various drawings, thickness of lines, dimensioning,
abbreviations and conventional representations as per IS: 962

Simple engineering drawings with CAD drawing tools : Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline, Multiline,
Polygon, Rectangle, Spline, Ellipse, Modify tools: Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate,
Scale, Stretch, Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer and Fillet, Using Text: Single line text,
Multiline text, Spelling, Edit text, Special Features: View tools, Layers concept, Dimension tools,
Hatching, Customising toolbars, Working with multiple drawings.

Module -2 10 Hours
Drawings Related to Different Building Elements:
Following drawings are to be prepared for the data given using CAD Software
a. Cross section of Foundation, masonry wall
b. RCC columns with isolated & combined footings.
c. Different types of staircases – Dog legged, Open well
d. Lintel and chajja
e. RCC slabs and beams
f. Cross section of a pavement
g. Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system
h. Cross sectional details of a road for a Residential area with provision for all services
 Module -3 20 Hours
Building Drawings: Principles of planning, Planning regulations and building bye-laws, factors
affecting site selection, Functional planning of residential and public buildings, design aspects for
different public buildings. Recommendations of NBC. Submission drawing (sanction drawing) with
access to terrace including all details and statements as per the local bye-laws

Drawing of Plan, elevation and sectional elevation including electrical, plumbing and sanitary
services using CAD software for:
a. Single and Double story residential building
b. Hostel building
c. School building
d. Draw the Single story residential building plan, elevation, sectional and site plan with all
detailed naming as per municipal corporation rules

Question paper pattern:

• There will be two full questions with sub divisions if necessary, from Module 2 with each full
question carrying twenty marks. Students have to answer one full question.
• There will be two full questions from Module 3 with each full question carrying thirty marks.
Students have to answer one full question.
 CYCLE OF EXPERIMENTS

AUTOCAD
Sl. No. Experiment Names Page no.

1. Basics of AutoCAD : Drawing Tools, Modifying Tools, Using Text,

Special features

2. Cross-section of Foundation, Masonry wall.

3. RCC columns with Isolated & Combined footings.

4. Different types of Staircases -Dog legged and Open well Staircase.

5. Lintel and Chajja.

6. RCC Slabs and Beams.

7. Single-storey residential building - plan, elevation and sectional elevation

8. Double-storey residential building

9. Hostel building

10. School building

11. Draw the Single-storey residential building plan, elevation, sectional and
site plan with all detailed naming as per municipal corporation rules.
 INTRODUCTION

The AutoCAD software is launched by Autodesk. This software is mainly developed initially
for the drawing as before 1995 the drawings was done manually using mini-drafter, therefore
was very time consuming and making modifications was very difficult. It version version was
developed in 1982 and was called Comdex.

In order to execute the drawings on the field, one must be able to read the drawings.
AutoCAD makes it easier to draw and interpret the drawings. AutoCAD is a tool in which we
can draw and modify any type of drawings using different commands such as line, rectangle,
construction line etc. In AutoCAD we can do two dimensional as well as three dimensional
drawings.

This AutoCAD tool is very user friendly because we can do modify very easily and
copy the drawings ‘n’ number of times such that the original drawing can be retained as it isin
the same working window , this helps in keeping both old and revised drawings.

The use of AutoCAD has spread widely all over the world because of its simple in user-
friendly nature. AutoCAD has many versions such as AutoCAD 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
2005, 2006, 2007,2008,2009, 2010,2011,2014,2016, 2017, 2020 and the latest being 2024. The
file format of AutoCAD is .dwg
Applications of AutoCAD
o AutoCAD improves the productivity of the designer to visualize the product and its
component, parts and reduces the time required in synthesizing, analyzing and
documenting the design.
o AutoCAD system permits a more detailed engineering analysis and a larger number of
design alternatives can be investigated.

o The use of AutoCAD system provides better engineering drawings, more standardization
in the drawing, and better documentation of the design, few drawing errors and legibility.

o AutoCAD serves as engineering drafting tool for designing various components, while
minimizing human errors.

o AutoCAD’s innate features that enable its users to plan out architectural spaces, map them
out and can be used simultaneously with 3D Max, Maya and other design/animation tools
when the need arises. AutoCAD supports the use of DWG and DXF files which can be
exported from its interface to those of other advanced CAD applications to aid animation
projects.
AutoCAD vs Manual Drawings
1. AutoCAD is easier to understand and is user- friendly.
2. AutoCAD is much faster than manual drawings. Hence, its less time consuming.
3. It is more accurate, therefore, errors are reduced.
4. Creating backups easier, hence no problem of storage.
5. Etransmit option in AutoCAD, enables the user to transfer his/her document easily to the
client in any part of the world.
6. Updation and modification is much easier.

Launching AutoCAD

Choose the AutoCAD icon from the desktop and double click.

Graphical User Interface:

Coordinate System
When specifying positions you can use Cartesian or Polar Coordinates. Cartesian coordinates are
simply a X value, a comma, and a Y value, for example: 100,100. Polar coordinates are a Distance
followed by a < symbol and an angle, for example: 10<25. Angles are measured in degrees, with
0 = East and 90 = North. Any of these numbers can have decimal values.
The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of AutoCAD contains the Quick Access Toolbar, Title Bar,
Ribbon, Status Bar, UCS icon, application menu, workspace etc.
1. Application Menu The application menu contains basic commands pertaining to the
drawing as awhole, such as Open, Save, Print, and Export.
2. Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable area of the interface where you can add your
favorite orfrequently used commands.
3. Title bar contains the title of the project and the version of AutoCAD used.
4. Ribbon is below the title bar. The menus and toolbars have been replaced with the ribbon,
whichhelps you to find the commands quickly.
5. Drawing Area covers maximum space on the interface. All the drawings are drawn in this
area.

6. Command Bar is a palette where you can type in commands and view history of the
commands.
7. View Cube is in the upper right, from which you can change the view and UCS. Just below
that isthe NavBar that gives you controls for zooming, panning, orbiting, and more.
8. UCS Icon User Coordinate System is in the lower left hand corner which tell you the general
orientation. UCS helps to orientate the drawing with respect to the current co-ordinate
systemand in particular, to know where the co-ordinate system origin is located.
9. Status Bar The Status bar displays some important details like the scheduling mode of new
tasks (manual or automatic)
DRAWING TOOLS:
Goto menu bar->select tools->tool bars->Autocad->select Draw
1. Line: command (L) Creates straight line segments.
2. Construction line (XL) Creates a construction line of infinite length. Xlines are useful for
creating construction and reference lines, and for trimming boundaries.
3. Poly line (PL) Creates a 2D polyline, a single object that is composed of line and arc
segments. A 2D polyline is a connected sequence of segments created as a single planar
object. You can create straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two.
4. CIRCLE: command (C) Creates a circle. Center Point Draws a circle based on a center
point and a diameter or a radius. Radius Defines the radius of the circle. Enter a value, or
specify a point. For example: Diameter Defines the diameter of the circle. Enter a value, or
specify a second point.
5. POLYGON ( POL) Creates an equilateral closed polyline. You can specify the different
parameters of the polygon including the number of sides. The difference between the
inscribed and circumscribed options is shown.
6. RECTANGLE (REC) Creates a rectangular polyline
7. ARC (A) Creates an arc. To create an arc, you can specify combinations of center,
endpoint, start point, radius, angle, chord length, and direction values. Arcs are drawn in a
counterclockwise direction by default. Hold down the Ctrl key as you drag to draw in
clockwise direction
MODIFYING TOOLS:
Tools->Tool bar->AutoCad->Modify
1. Erase (E) Removes objects from a drawing. You can erase selected objects from the
drawing. This method does not move objects to the Clipboard, where they can then be pasted
to another location. If you are working with 3D objects, you can also erase Sub objects such
as faces, meshes, and vertices. (Not applicable to AutoCAD LT.) Instead of selecting objects
to erase, you can enter an option, such as L to erase the last object drawn, p to erase the
previous selection set, or ALL to erase all objects. You can also enter ? to get a list of all
options
2. Copy (CO) Copies objects a specified distance in a specified direction.
3. MOVE(M) Moves objects a specified distance in a specified direction. Use coordinates, grid
snaps, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision
4. MIRROR(MI) Creates a mirrored copy of selected objects. You can create objects that
represent half of a drawing, select them, and mirror them across a specified line to create the
other half.
5. OFFSET(O) Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves. You can offset an
object at a specified distance or through a point. After you offset objects, you can trim and
extend them as an efficient method to create drawings containing many parallel lines and
curves
6. ARRAY (AR) Creates copies of objects arranged in a pattern.
7. TRIM(TR) Trims objects to meet the edges of other objects.
8. EXTEND(EX) Extends objects to meet the edges of other objects. To extend objects, first
select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objects that you want to extend. To use
all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt
9. FILLET (F) Rounds and fillets the edges of objects. F enter R enter enter the radius enter ,
select first edge, select the second edge.
 AUTOCAD SHORT CUTS
DRAWING COMMANDS

Sl.No COMMAND SHORT CUT

1. Line L

2. Multiline ml

3. Poly line pl

4. 3D Poly line 3d poly

5. Polygon pol

6. Rectangle Rec

7. Arc a

8. Circle c

9. Donut do

10. Spline Spl

11 Ellipse El

12. Block b

13. Write block w

14. Insert I

15. Hatch H

16. Text T

17. Dimension Dim

 EDITING COMMANDS (MODIFYING)

Sl.No COMMAND SHORT CUT

1. Change properties ch change

2. Erase E

3. Copy C

4. Mirror Mi

5. Offset O

6. Array Ar

7. Move M

8. Rotate Ro

9. Scale sc

10. Stretch S

11. Lengthen Len

12. Trim Tr

13. Extend Ex

14. Break Br

15. Chamfer Cha

16. Fillet F

17. Explode X

18. Layer LA

19. Units UN

20. Zoom Z

21. Regen Re
 CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS USING AUTOCAD

1. CROSS-SECTION OF FOUNDATION AND MASONRY WALL

Draw cross-section of a SSM foundation to be provided for a loadbearing wall of 0.23m

thick in Burnt Brick Masonry (BBM) in superstructure of a residential building for the
following given details.
a. Width of the foundation = 1.2 m
b. Depth of the foundation below GL = 1.7 m
c. Thickness of PCC = 0.2 m
d. Width of PCC = 1.2 m
e. Thickness of DPC in 1:2:4 = 0.1 m
f. Width & Depth of 1st footing above PCC = 0.9 m & 0.5 m
g. Width & Depth of 2nd footing above PCC = 0.6 m & 0.6 m
h. Width & Dept h of 3rd footing above PCC = 0 . 4 m & 0.4 m
Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, line, zoom, mirror, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.

Procedure:

1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as
2. 4 default (0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
3. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units
to scale as millimeters.
4. Ortho is switched on as the drawing requires use of only horizontal and vertical lines.
5. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
6. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
7. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
8. Mirror option is used as the drawing is symmetrical about y-axis.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required cross section of masonry wall foundation is drafted using the
software.
2. RCC COLUMNS
A. ISOLATED RCC COLUMN FOOTING

1. Draw sectional elevation, plan of footing reinforcement for an isolated RCC

column footing for the following given details:

a. Size of the column = 0.6 m x 0.6 m

b. Depth of footing = 0.9 m at the column footing junction and reduces to 0.3
m at the end where it rests on concrete.
c. Thickness of concrete bed = 0.15 m
d. Size of footing = 3 m x 3 m
e. Longitudinal reinforcement in the column = 8 bars of 20 mm diameter.
f. Transverse reinforcement= 8mm HYSD bars @ 150 mm c/c
g. Footing reinforcement = a mesh of steel bars of 10 mm diameter placed@150
mm C/C in both directions.
h. Clear cover to column reinforcement= 40 mm
i. Clear cover to footing reinforcement=50 mm
j. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

Software used: Auto Cad

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, donut, zoom, mirror, move, trim,
extend, hatch, dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and unit to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Mirror option is used as the drawing is symmetrical about y-axis.
8. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
9. Array command is used to get reinforcement in linear pattern.
10. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
11. Hatching is done using hatch command.
12. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required cross section of RCC Isolated footing is drafted using the software.
B. COMBINED RCC COLUMN FOOTING

Draw sectional elevation, plan of footing reinforcement for a combined RCC

column footing for the following given details:

a. Size of the column = 0.6 m x 0.6 m

b. Size of footing = 3 m x 2 m
c. Depth of footing = 0.5 m
d. Thickness of concrete bed = 0.15 m
e. Centre to Centre distance between two columns = 1.5 m
f. Longitudinal reinforcement in the column = 8 bars of 20 mm diameter.
g. Transverse reinforcement = 8mm HYSD bars @150 mm c/c
h. Footing reinforcement = 10mm diameter bars @150 mm center to center in both
directions.
i. Clear cover to column reinforcement= 40 mm
j. Clear cover to footing reinforcement=50 mm
k. Steel used Fe 415 and Concrete M20.

Software used: Auto Cad

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, donut, zoom, mirror, move, trim,
extend, hatch, dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and unit to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Mirror option is used as the drawing is symmetrical about y-axis.
8. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
9. Array command is used to get reinforcement in linear pattern.
10. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
11. Hatching is done using hatch command.
12. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required cross section of combined RCC column footing is drafted using the
software.
3. STAIRCASES

A. DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE

Draw plan and sectional elevation of dog legged staircase for the followingdetails given
below.
1. Floor to floor height = 3.6 m
2. Stair room measures = 5.7 m x 2.1 m
3. Width of the flight= 1.2 m
4. Steps = Tread - 300 mm, Rise - 150 mm
5. Width of the landing = 1.2 m
6. Thickness of RC slab supporting each flight = 150 mm.
7. Main reinforcement in slab = 12 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C
8. Distribution reinforcement = 8 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C.
9. Clear cover = 25 mm & Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, zoom, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Array command is used to get a pattern of lines for representing staircase treads.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required dog legged staircase in plan and elevation is drafted using the
software
B. OPEN WELL STAIRCASE

Draw plan and sectional elevation of open well staircase for the following details given
below.
1. Floor to floor height = 3.6 m
2. Stair room measures = 5.7 m x 2.7 m
3. Width of the flight= 1.2 m
4. Steps = Tread - 300 mm, Rise - 150 mm
5. Width of the landing = 1.2 m
6. Thickness of RC slab supporting each flight = 150 mm.
7. Main reinforcement in slab = 12 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C
8. Distribution reinforcement = 8 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C.
9. Clear cover = 25 mm & Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, zoom, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Array command is used to get a pattern of lines for representing staircase treads.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required open well staircase in plan and elevation is drafted using the
software
4. LINTEL AND CHEJJA

Draw a lintel and chajja for the following details given below.
1. Width of wall = 0.23 m
2. Depth of lintel = 0.23 m
3. Projection of chajja = 0.6 m
4. Depth of chajja at the Lintel Junction = 0.1 m
5. Depth of chajja at the free end = 0.075 m
6. Main reinforcement in lintel = 4# 12mm dia bars
7. Clear cover = 25 mm
8. Transverse reinforcement = 8 mm dia 2LVS @150 mm c/c
9. Reinforcement in chajja = 12 mm dia @150 mm c/c & 8mm dia @150mm c/c
10. Clear cover =15 mm
11. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
a. Result: The required C/S of lintel and chajja is drafted using the software.
5. RCC SLABS

A. ONE WAY SLAB

Draw plan and section along short span of One way slab for the following details
1. Dimensions of the room= 7 m x 11.5 m
2. Thickness of slab = 0.15 m
3. Support thickness = 0.23 m
4. Main steel in slab= 10 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c
5. Distribution steel= 8 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c.
6. Clear cover = 20 mm
7. Steel used Fe 415 and Concrete M20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of one way slab is drafted using the software.
B. TWO WAY SLAB

Prepare plan and section along both spans for Two way slab for the following details
1. Size of the room = 5 m x 7 m
2. Thickness of slab = 0.15 m
3. Support width = 0.23 m
4. Main reinforcement along shorter direction= 10 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c
5. Main reinforcement along longer direction= 10 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c
6. Clear cover = 20 mm
7. Use Fe 415 steel and M20 grade concrete

Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and
units to scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of two way slab is drafted using the software.
6. RCC Beams

A. SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM

Draw longitudinal section and cross section of singly reinforced beam for thefollowing
details :
1. Size of the beam = 0.3 m x 0.5 m
2. Support width = 0.23 m
3. Clear span = 3 m
4. Tensile reinforcement = 4 bars of 16 mm diameter.
5. Shear reinforcement = 8 mm diameter 2 LVS @100 mm c/c.
6. Anchor bars = 2 bars of 12 mm diameter.
7. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units
to scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of singly reinforced beam is drafted using the software.
B. DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM
Draw longitudinal section and cross-section of the doubly reinforced beam for the
following details.

1. Clear span = 3 m
2. Size of the beam = 0.3 m x 0.5 m
3. Support width = 0.23 m
4. Tensile reinforcement = 4 bars of 16 mm diameter.
5. Compression reinforcement = 2 bars of 12 mm diameter.
6. Shear reinforcement = 8 mm diameter 2 LVS @100 mm c/c
7. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units
to scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of doubly reinforced beam is drafted using the software.
BUILDING DRAWINGS
A. PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING

B. PLANNING REGULATIONS AND BUILDING BYE-LAWS

Planning Regulations: Building regulations set standards for the design and construction
of buildings to ensure the safety and health for people in or about those buildings. For other
building work, such as internal alterations buildings regulations approval will probably be
needed, but planning permission may not be.
Building Bye-Laws: Building Bye-Laws are legal tools used to regulate coverage, height,
building bulk, and architectural design and construction aspects of buildings so as to
achieve orderly development of an area.

C. FACTORS AFFECTING SITE LOCATION

The site for a residential building should, present a peaceful environment , good landscape,
sun for the most part of the day and uninterrupted flow of natural air. The following factors
need to be studied in depth, while selecting the site for a residential building:
i. Topography.
ii. Nature of sub-soil.
iii. Position of the ground water table.
iv. Facilities.
v. Neighborhood.
vi. Undesirable things near the site.
vii. Vegetation.
viii. Shape of the site.
ix. Availability of men and materials.
x. Proximity to sea-shore, river or lake or the place of natural beauty.
D. BUILDING COMPONENTS
7. PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF SINGLE-STOREY
BUILDING USING AUTOCAD SOFTWARE
SINGLE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Q1) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the single-storey residential building.

Q2) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the single-storey residential building.

8. PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF DOUBLE-STOREY

BUILDING USING AUTOCAD SOFTWARE

DOUBLE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Q1) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the Double-storey residential building.

Q2) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the Double-storey residential building.

9. HOSTEL BUILDING

Q) Draw the Plan, Elevation of the hostel building G+2 Floors. Ground floor is for
Dinning, Other 2 floors are Dormitarys.

10. SCHOOL BUILDING

Q) Draw the Plan, Elevation of the School building.

11. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY LAYOUT FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

12. PRACTICE

1. Plan, Elevation and Sectional Elevation of Single-Storey building using AutoCad Software
with all the detailed naming.

2. Plan, Elevation and Sectional Elevation of Double-Storey building using AutoCad

Software with all detailed naming.