KALABURAGI – 585103

Department Of Civil Engineering (Co-Ed)

Laboratory Manual

Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

Subject Code: (22CVL38)
 Kalaburagi – 585 103
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mr. / Ms. ……………………………………........................

bearing USN ……………............. Sem.……………. Branch………….………………

has satisfactorily completed the practical experiments of………………………………

….…………………………………Laboratory for the year …………………

Signature of the Teacher Head of the Department

(In charge of the Batch)
 Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing-LAB
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
SEMESTER –III

Subject Code 22CVL55 CIE: 50

Number of Lecture
03 SEE: 50
Hours/Week:

Total Number of
40 Exam Hours: 03
Lecture Hours:

CREDITS –01

Modules
Module -1 10 Hours
Drawing Basics: Selection of scales for various drawings, thickness of lines, dimensioning,
abbreviations and conventional representations as per IS: 962

Simple engineering drawings with CAD drawing tools : Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline, Multiline,
Polygon, Rectangle, Spline, Ellipse, Modify tools: Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate,
Scale, Stretch, Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer and Fillet, Using Text: Single line text,
Multiline text, Spelling, Edit text, Special Features: View tools, Layers concept, Dimension tools,
Hatching, Customising toolbars, Working with multiple drawings.

Module -2 10 Hours
Drawings Related to Different Building Elements:
Following drawings are to be prepared for the data given using CAD Software
a. Cross section of Foundation, masonry wall
b. RCC columns with isolated & combined footings.
c. Different types of staircases – Dog legged, Open well
d. Lintel and chajja
e. RCC slabs and beams
f. Cross section of a pavement
g. Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system
h. Cross sectional details of a road for a Residential area with provision for all services
 Module -3 20 Hours
Building Drawings: Principles of planning, Planning regulations and building bye-laws, factors
affecting site selection, Functional planning of residential and public buildings, design aspects for
different public buildings. Recommendations of NBC. Submission drawing (sanction drawing) with
access to terrace including all details and statements as per the local bye-laws

Drawing of Plan, elevation and sectional elevation including electrical, plumbing and sanitary
services using CAD software for:
a. Single and Double story residential building
b. Hostel building
c. School building
d. Draw the Single story residential building plan, elevation, sectional and site plan with all
detailed naming as per municipal corporation rules

Question paper pattern:

• There will be two full questions with sub divisions if necessary, from Module 2 with each full
question carrying twenty marks. Students have to answer one full question.
• There will be two full questions from Module 3 with each full question carrying thirty marks.
Students have to answer one full question.
 CYCLE OF EXPERIMENTS

AUTOCAD
Sl. No. Experiment Names Page no.

1. Basics of AutoCAD : Drawing Tools, Modifying Tools, Using Text,

Special features

2. Cross-section of Foundation, Masonry wall.

3. RCC columns with Isolated & Combined footings.

4. Different types of Staircases -Dog legged and Open well Staircase.

5. Lintel and Chajja.

6. RCC Slabs and Beams.

7. Single-storey residential building - plan, elevation and sectional elevation

8. Double-storey residential building

9. Hostel building

10. School building

11. Draw the Single-storey residential building plan, elevation, sectional and
site plan with all detailed naming as per municipal corporation rules.
 INTRODUCTION

The AutoCAD software is launched by Autodesk. This software is mainly developed initially
for the drawing as before 1995 the drawings was done manually using mini-drafter, therefore
was very time consuming and making modifications was very difficult. It version version was
developed in 1982 and was called Comdex.

In order to execute the drawings on the field, one must be able to read the drawings.
AutoCAD makes it easier to draw and interpret the drawings. AutoCAD is a tool in which we
can draw and modify any type of drawings using different commands such as line, rectangle,
construction line etc. In AutoCAD we can do two dimensional as well as three dimensional
drawings.

This AutoCAD tool is very user friendly because we can do modify very easily and
copy the drawings ‘n’ number of times such that the original drawing can be retained as it isin
the same working window , this helps in keeping both old and revised drawings.

The use of AutoCAD has spread widely all over the world because of its simple in user-
friendly nature. AutoCAD has many versions such as AutoCAD 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
2005, 2006, 2007,2008,2009, 2010,2011,2014,2016, 2017, 2020 and the latest being 2024. The
file format of AutoCAD is .dwg
Applications of AutoCAD
o AutoCAD improves the productivity of the designer to visualize the product and its
component, parts and reduces the time required in synthesizing, analyzing and
documenting the design.
o AutoCAD system permits a more detailed engineering analysis and a larger number of
design alternatives can be investigated.
o The use of AutoCAD system provides better engineering drawings, more standardization
in the drawing, and better documentation of the design, few drawing errors and legibility.

o AutoCAD serves as engineering drafting tool for designing various components, while
minimizing human errors.

o AutoCAD’s innate features that enable its users to plan out architectural spaces, map them
out and can be used simultaneously with 3D Max, Maya and other design/animation tools
when the need arises. AutoCAD supports the use of DWG and DXF files which can be
exported from its interface to those of other advanced CAD applications to aid animation
projects.
AutoCAD vs Manual Drawings
1. AutoCAD is easier to understand and is user- friendly.
2. AutoCAD is much faster than manual drawings. Hence, its less time consuming.
3. It is more accurate, therefore, errors are reduced.
4. Creating backups easier, hence no problem of storage.
5. Etransmit option in AutoCAD, enables the user to transfer his/her document easily to the
client in any part of the world.
6. Updation and modification is much easier.

Launching AutoCAD

Choose the AutoCAD icon from the desktop and double click.

Graphical User Interface:

Coordinate System
When specifying positions you can use Cartesian or Polar Coordinates. Cartesian coordinates are
simply a X value, a comma, and a Y value, for example: 100,100. Polar coordinates are a Distance
followed by a < symbol and an angle, for example: 10<25. Angles are measured in degrees, with
0 = East and 90 = North. Any of these numbers can have decimal values.
The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of AutoCAD contains the Quick Access Toolbar, Title Bar,
Ribbon, Status Bar, UCS icon, application menu, workspace etc.
1. Application Menu The application menu contains basic commands pertaining to the
drawing as awhole, such as Open, Save, Print, and Export.
2. Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable area of the interface where you can add your
favorite orfrequently used commands.
3. Title bar contains the title of the project and the version of AutoCAD used.
4. Ribbon is below the title bar. The menus and toolbars have been replaced with the ribbon,
whichhelps you to find the commands quickly.
5. Drawing Area covers maximum space on the interface. All the drawings are drawn in this
area.

6. Command Bar is a palette where you can type in commands and view history of the
commands.
7. View Cube is in the upper right, from which you can change the view and UCS. Just below
that isthe NavBar that gives you controls for zooming, panning, orbiting, and more.
8. UCS Icon User Coordinate System is in the lower left hand corner which tell you the general
orientation. UCS helps to orientate the drawing with respect to the current co-ordinate
systemand in particular, to know where the co-ordinate system origin is located.
9. Status Bar The Status bar displays some important details like the scheduling mode of new
tasks (manual or automatic)
 AUTOCAD DRAWING TOOLS

TOOLS: DESCRIPTION OPTION

1. Open Opens an existing file Application menu Open

2. Units Allows you to set the unit type (Architectural Application menu Utilities
or Decimal), angle display format (degrees- Drawing setup
minutes-seconds, or decimal degrees), and
precision of the units,
3. Limits Changes the imaginary boundaries of the It sets lower left corner and upper
drawing, and controls whether drawing can be right corner. Type limits on the
made outside of the boundaries. If Limit- command bar.
checking is ON, drawing cannot be done
outside of limits.
4.Dimension Creates and modifies dimension styles -----
style
5. Properties Controls properties of existing object Select the and right click, the
various properties of the object
will be displayed.

DRAWING TOOLS

6. Line Used to draw straight line, between two 1. At command line just type L
specified points and enter.
2. On the ribbon click on the line
icon.
Any of the above options can be
used to draw a line. AUTOCAD
will ask you to specify the first
point, click on a point and
move the mouse. AutoCAD will
now ask ‘specify the next point
or [undo]’. Respond by clicking
at another point. AutoCAD will
keep asking ‘specify the next
point or [undo]’, until you finish
the command by pressing Enter.

7.Constructio Draws a line to full page at any angle. 1. At command line just type
n line CL and press enter
or
2. On the ribbon click on the
construction line icon.
8. Multiline Allows you to draw 1 to 6 lines parallel to 1. On command line type ‘ml’
each
other, by specifying the distance between the
lines.

9. Poly-line Creates a closed polyline of a boundary by H sets the half-width of the

picking an open area within an arcs or circles. polyline segments
area enclosed by lines, Unlike the standard 1. U Undoes previous segment.
line they can have width and they can follow 2. W sets the width of poly-line
curved path. To draw poly- line you need to segments.
give start and end point. Other options are to
be selected only after the first point chosen.

10. Spline Allows you draw a curve. You need to specify 1. On command line type
the different points on the screen and curve spline.
passing through all the points will be drawn.

11. Polygon Draws regular polygons with a specified 1. E Specifies size and rotation
number of sides. Polygons are Polyline entities of polygon by picking
endpoints of one edge.
2. C Circumscribes
polygon around a circle.
3. I Inscribes polygon within
a circle.

12. Arc Draws an arc. The default method of drawing 1. A Included angle.
arcs is selecting three points (so- called "3
2. C Center point of arc.
point arc"), which are the two endpoints of the
3. D Direction angle of a line
arc and some other point along its locus.
tangent to the arc.
Other methods of drawing an arc can be
4. E Endpoint of arc
specified by three letters, such as SEA, which
means "Start Point, End Point, and included 5. L Length of chord passing
angle. through both end points of
the arc R Radius, S Start
point of arc.
13. Circle Draws a circle of any size. The default 1. 2P Specifies circle by picking
method is to pick a center point and pick a 2 points on the diameter.
point on the radius or type the radius 2. 3P Specifies circle by picking
dimension, but other methods can be selected 3 points through which the
circle will pass.
3. D Allows entering the
diameter dimension instead
of radius dimension
4. TTR Specifies circle by
picking two lines, arcs or
circles for the circle to be
tangent to, and entering the
dimension of the radius
5. <RET> Enters radius
6. of circle (the default)
14. Rectangle Draws a rectangle. You can select rectangle, 1. ‘A’ on command line will
AutoCAD will ask you to ‘specify the first give you rectangle of
corner’, click on a point. AutoCAD will ask specified area.
you to ‘specify the opposite corner’, click on 2. AutoCAD will ask you to
another point. specify the area.
3. When you enter area it will ask
you specify the length.
4. ‘D’ on command line will
give rectangle with specified
dimensions. AutoCAD will
ask you specify the length
and then width.

15. Ellipse This command is used to draw ellipse. The 1. C Allows specification of
first two points of the ellipse determine the Center point of ellipse rather
location and length of the first axis. The third than first axis endpoint
point determines the distance between the 2. R Allows specification of
center of the ellipse and the end point of the eccentricity rotation rather than
second axis length of second axis

MODIFYING TOOLS
16. Erase Erases selected entity from the drawing. Type E on the keyboard and
select the object you want to
delete
17. Copy Draws a copy of selected objects using two M Allows multiple copies to be
methods -- "base point" method, or made of an object (in drawing
"displacement" method. which have similar object
occurring many times such as
doors window will have to be
drawn a number of times, the
COPY command can be used
repeatable to save
time.)
18. Mirror Reflects or makes mirror image of existing or Type MI on the keyboard and
designated entities about a user-specified axis. select the object you want to
mirror

19. Offset Creates a new line, polyline, arc or circle <number> specifies offset
parallel to the entity and at a specified distance distance T "Through" allows
from it. specification of a point through
which the offset line,
polyline, arc or circle is
20. Array Makes multiple copies of selected objects in a The operation of array varies
rectangular (parallel with the snap rotation) or depending on type of array you
circular pattern. Each resulting object can be choose. In rectangular pattern
manipulated independently. AutoCAD asks for the number
of rows (Horizontal) and
columns (Vertical) to be
constructed.
21. Move Moves designated entities from their present Type M on the keyboard and
location to another location without changing select the object you want to
their size and move
orientation.

22. Rotate Rotates the object around a central rotation 1. Select the objects to rotate,
point. then specify the base point
about which the rotation is
to occur
2. Specify the angle through
which the rotation should
occur
23. Stretch Allows moving a portion of a drawing while 1. Allows lengthening or
retaining their connections to other parts of the shortens the object.
drawing. You cannot stretch Blocks, Hatch 2. Crossing window or polygon
patterns, or Text entities, however. must cross the objects you
want to stretch.
3. Any object lies completely
within the selection window
is moved. You need to enter
the base point and amount of
stretch.
24. Trim Erases a portion of selected entities crossing the 1. AutoCAD will ask you for
“cutting edge” specified by you. cutting edge.
2. Once the cutting edge is
selected it will ask you for
object that you want to get
rid off.
3. Select the object you will get
rid off it.

25. Extend Extends the length of a line, arc, or polyline to ----

meet a specified "boundary”

26. Break Erases part of a line, arc or circle, or splits it -----

into two lines or arcs

27. Chamfer Creates a chamfer (a angled line connection) at D Sets chamfer distances
the intersection of two lines P Chamfers an entire
polyline

28. Fillet Constructs an arc of specified radius between P Fillets an entire Polyline at the
two lines, arcs, circles, or will create arcs of vertices R Allows setting of the
the specified radius at the vertices of a polyline. fillet radius. Default value is 0.
Radius of the arc to be constructed may be set to Radius remains set until changed
0, which will make a sharp corner again

29. Explode Separates a block, dimension or hatch pattern -----

into it constituent entities or makes a poly line
into a series of straight lines

30. Scale Alters the size of existing objects R Resizes with respect to a
reference size
 TEXT

31. Text Draws text characters of any size with selected 1. Text is very important in
precision drawings such as
styles
those produced by
AUTOCAD.
2. Text is an object on
drawing, just like line or
circle. This is open to same
editing commands like
scale, move and erase.
AutoCAD gives you two options
1. Single line.
2. Multiline

`SPECIAL TOOLS

32. Hatch Fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a <pattern-name> uses hatch
hatch pattern, solid fill, or gradient fill. pattern name from library file
to fill designated area with a
pseudo- block hatch entity -- can
be reduced to individual lines
and points by Exploding it.

33. Measure Places points (or, optionally, Blocks) at B specifies that a defined Block
intervals along a selected line, polyline, arc or is to be used as a marker instead
circle. The interval distance is given by the of a point.
user. If points

34. Linear Draws the dimension of a line linearly -------

dimension

35. Aligned Draws a linear dimension with the dimension -------

dimension line parallel to the selected dimension origin
points. This lets you align a dimension with an
angled line that is not either exactly horizontal
or vertical

36. Angular Draws an arc and calculates the angle between -------
two non- parallel lines, and draws the text and
arrowheads. Arrowheads are the standard
AutoCAD filled triangles, regardless of your
defined Arrow Block
37. Base-line Continues a linear dimension from the baseline -------
dimension (the so- called "first extension line") of the
previous or selected dimension. This is not
frequently used in architectural dimensions

38. Centre Draws a pair of crossed lines at the center of a -------

circle or arc on the current layer

42. Diameter Draws a dimension through the center of a -------

circle or arc, calculating the diameter, with one
of the arrow heads located at the point on the
circle or arc which is picked

43. Radius Draws the radius dimension of an arc or circle -------

from the center to the point on its locus where
the arc or circle was selected.
 Function Keys

Sl. No. FUNCTION KEY COMMAND

1. F1 Online Help

2. F3 Osnap ON/OFF

3. F6 Coords On/Off

4. F7 Grid On/Off

5. F8 Ortho On/Off

6. F9 Snap On/Off

7. F11 Object Snap Tracking ON/OFF

8. Press CTRL + C To COPYCLIP

9. Press CTRL + V To PASTE CLIP

10. Press CTRL + G To turn GRID on/off

11. Press CTRL + N To create a NEW drawing

12. Press CTRL + O To OPEN an existing drawing.

13. Press CTRL + P to PLOT a drawing

14. Press CTRL + S To save a drawing.

15. Press CTRL + X To cut to Clipboard.

16. Press CTRL + Z To UNDO

17. Press CTRL + A To select all

 AUTOCAD SHORT CUTS
DRAWING COMMANDS

Sl.No COMMAND SHORT CUT

1. Line L

2. Multiline ml

3. Poly line pl

4. 3D Poly line 3d poly

5. Polygon pol

6. Rectangle Rec

7. Arc a

8. Circle c

9. Donut do

10. Spline Spl

11 Ellipse El

12. Block b

13. Write block w

14. Insert I

15. Hatch H

16. Text T

17. Dimension Dim

 EDITING COMMANDS (MODIFYING)

Sl.No COMMAND SHORT CUT

1. Change properties ch change

2. Erase E

3. Copy C

4. Mirror Mi

5. Offset O

6. Array Ar

7. Move M

8. Rotate Ro

9. Scale sc

10. Stretch S

11. Lengthen Len

12. Trim Tr

13. Extend Ex

14. Break Br

15. Chamfer Cha

16. Fillet F

17. Explode X

18. Layer LA

19. Units UN

20. Zoom Z

21. Regen Re
 CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS USING AUTOCAD

1. CROSS-SECTION OF FOUNDATION AND MASONRY WALL

Draw cross-section of a SSM foundation to be provided for a loadbearing wall of 0.23m

thick in Burnt Brick Masonry (BBM) in superstructure of a residential building for the
following given details.
a. Width of the foundation = 1.2 m
b. Depth of the foundation below GL = 1.7 m
c. Thickness of PCC = 0.2 m
d. Width of PCC = 1.2 m
e. Thickness of DPC in 1:2:4 = 0.1 m
f. Width & Depth of 1st footing above PCC = 0.9 m & 0.5 m
g. Width & Depth of 2nd footing above PCC = 0.6 m & 0.6 m
h. Width & Dept h of 3rd footing above PCC = 0 . 4 m & 0.4 m
Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, line, zoom, mirror, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.

Procedure:

1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as
2. 4 default (0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
3. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units
to scale as millimeters.
4. Ortho is switched on as the drawing requires use of only horizontal and vertical lines.
5. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
6. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
7. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
8. Mirror option is used as the drawing is symmetrical about y-axis.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required cross section of masonry wall foundation is drafted using the
software.
2. RCC COLUMNS
A. ISOLATED RCC COLUMN FOOTING

1. Draw sectional elevation, plan of footing reinforcement for an isolated RCC

column footing for the following given details:

a. Size of the column = 0.6 m x 0.6 m

b. Depth of footing = 0.9 m at the column footing junction and reduces to 0.3
m at the end where it rests on concrete.
c. Thickness of concrete bed = 0.15 m
d. Size of footing = 3 m x 3 m
e. Longitudinal reinforcement in the column = 8 bars of 20 mm diameter.
f. Transverse reinforcement= 8mm HYSD bars @ 150 mm c/c
g. Footing reinforcement = a mesh of steel bars of 10 mm diameter placed@150
mm C/C in both directions.
h. Clear cover to column reinforcement= 40 mm
i. Clear cover to footing reinforcement=50 mm
j. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

Software used: Auto Cad

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, donut, zoom, mirror, move, trim,
extend, hatch, dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and unit to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Mirror option is used as the drawing is symmetrical about y-axis.
8. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
9. Array command is used to get reinforcement in linear pattern.
10. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
11. Hatching is done using hatch command.
12. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required cross section of RCC Isolated footing is drafted using the software.
B. COMBINED RCC COLUMN FOOTING

Draw sectional elevation, plan of footing reinforcement for a combined RCC

column footing for the following given details:

a. Size of the column = 0.6 m x 0.6 m

b. Size of footing = 3 m x 2 m
c. Depth of footing = 0.5 m
d. Thickness of concrete bed = 0.15 m
e. Centre to Centre distance between two columns = 1.5 m
f. Longitudinal reinforcement in the column = 8 bars of 20 mm diameter.
g. Transverse reinforcement = 8mm HYSD bars @150 mm c/c
h. Footing reinforcement = 10mm diameter bars @150 mm center to center in both
directions.
i. Clear cover to column reinforcement= 40 mm
j. Clear cover to footing reinforcement=50 mm
k. Steel used Fe 415 and Concrete M20.

Software used: Auto Cad

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, donut, zoom, mirror, move, trim,
extend, hatch, dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and unit to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Mirror option is used as the drawing is symmetrical about y-axis.
8. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
9. Array command is used to get reinforcement in linear pattern.
10. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
11. Hatching is done using hatch command.
12. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required cross section of combined RCC column footing is drafted using the
software.
3. STAIRCASES

A. DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE

Draw plan and sectional elevation of dog legged staircase for the followingdetails given
below.
1. Floor to floor height = 3.6 m
2. Stair room measures = 5.7 m x 2.1 m
3. Width of the flight= 1.2 m
4. Steps = Tread - 300 mm, Rise - 150 mm
5. Width of the landing = 1.2 m
6. Thickness of RC slab supporting each flight = 150 mm.
7. Main reinforcement in slab = 12 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C
8. Distribution reinforcement = 8 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C.
9. Clear cover = 25 mm & Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, zoom, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Array command is used to get a pattern of lines for representing staircase treads.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required dog legged staircase in plan and elevation is drafted using the
software
B. OPEN WELL STAIRCASE

Draw plan and sectional elevation of open well staircase for the following details given
below.
1. Floor to floor height = 3.6 m
2. Stair room measures = 5.7 m x 2.7 m
3. Width of the flight= 1.2 m
4. Steps = Tread - 300 mm, Rise - 150 mm
5. Width of the landing = 1.2 m
6. Thickness of RC slab supporting each flight = 150 mm.
7. Main reinforcement in slab = 12 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C
8. Distribution reinforcement = 8 mm diameter bars @ 150 mm C/C.
9. Clear cover = 25 mm & Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, array, zoom, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.

Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Array command is used to get a pattern of lines for representing staircase treads.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.

Result: The required open well staircase in plan and elevation is drafted using the
software
4. LINTEL AND CHEJJA

Draw a lintel and chajja for the following details given below.
1. Width of wall = 0.23 m
2. Depth of lintel = 0.23 m
3. Projection of chajja = 0.6 m
4. Depth of chajja at the Lintel Junction = 0.1 m
5. Depth of chajja at the free end = 0.075 m
6. Main reinforcement in lintel = 4# 12mm dia bars
7. Clear cover = 25 mm
8. Transverse reinforcement = 8 mm dia 2LVS @150 mm c/c
9. Reinforcement in chajja = 12 mm dia @150 mm c/c & 8mm dia @150mm c/c
10. Clear cover =15 mm
11. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
a. Result: The required C/S of lintel and chajja is drafted using the software.
5. RCC SLABS

A. ONE WAY SLAB

Draw plan and section along short span of One way slab for the following details
1. Dimensions of the room= 7 m x 11.5 m
2. Thickness of slab = 0.15 m
3. Support thickness = 0.23 m
4. Main steel in slab= 10 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c
5. Distribution steel= 8 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c.
6. Clear cover = 20 mm
7. Steel used Fe 415 and Concrete M20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of one way slab is drafted using the software.
B. TWO WAY SLAB

Prepare plan and section along both spans for Two way slab for the following details
1. Size of the room = 5 m x 7 m
2. Thickness of slab = 0.15 m
3. Support width = 0.23 m
4. Main reinforcement along shorter direction= 10 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c
5. Main reinforcement along longer direction= 10 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c
6. Clear cover = 20 mm
7. Use Fe 415 steel and M20 grade concrete

Software used: AUTOCAD

Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and
units to scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of two way slab is drafted using the software.
6. RCC Beams

A. SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM

Draw longitudinal section and cross section of singly reinforced beam for thefollowing
details :
1. Size of the beam = 0.3 m x 0.5 m
2. Support width = 0.23 m
3. Clear span = 3 m
4. Tensile reinforcement = 4 bars of 16 mm diameter.
5. Shear reinforcement = 8 mm diameter 2 LVS @100 mm c/c.
6. Anchor bars = 2 bars of 12 mm diameter.
7. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units
to scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of singly reinforced beam is drafted using the software.
B. DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM
Draw longitudinal section and cross-section of the doubly reinforced beam for the
following details.

1. Clear span = 3 m
2. Size of the beam = 0.3 m x 0.5 m
3. Support width = 0.23 m
4. Tensile reinforcement = 4 bars of 16 mm diameter.
5. Compression reinforcement = 2 bars of 12 mm diameter.
6. Shear reinforcement = 8 mm diameter 2 LVS @100 mm c/c
7. Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
Software used: AUTOCAD
Commands used: Limits, ortho, offset, line, zoom, donut, move, trim, extend, hatch,
dimension, text etc.
Procedure:
1. The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
2. By using units command, we set the types as decimal, precision as 0.0000 and units
to scale as millimetres.
3. Ortho is switched off as the drawing requires use of inclined line also along with
horizontal and vertical lines.
4. By using the line command, the outline of the required drawing is drawn.
5. By using the trim command, the extra lines are trimmed.
6. Lines are extended using extend command wherever necessary.
7. Donut option is used to represent the c/s of reinforcements.
8. Offset command is used to get lines at regular distance.
9. Hatching is done using hatch command.
10. Dimensions are provided and text command is also used for labelling the drawing.
Result: The required C/S of doubly reinforced beam is drafted using the software.
BUILDING DRAWINGS
A. PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING

B. PLANNING REGULATIONS AND BUILDING BYE-LAWS

Planning Regulations: Building regulations set standards for the design and construction
of buildings to ensure the safety and health for people in or about those buildings. For other
building work, such as internal alterations buildings regulations approval will probably be
needed, but planning permission may not be.
Building Bye-Laws: Building Bye-Laws are legal tools used to regulate coverage, height,
building bulk, and architectural design and construction aspects of buildings so as to
achieve orderly development of an area.

C. FACTORS AFFECTING SITE LOCATION

The site for a residential building should, present a peaceful environment , good landscape,
sun for the most part of the day and uninterrupted flow of natural air. The following factors
need to be studied in depth, while selecting the site for a residential building:
i. Topography.
ii. Nature of sub-soil.
iii. Position of the ground water table.
iv. Facilities.
v. Neighborhood.
vi. Undesirable things near the site.
vii. Vegetation.
viii. Shape of the site.
ix. Availability of men and materials.
x. Proximity to sea-shore, river or lake or the place of natural beauty.
D. BUILDING COMPONENTS
7. PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF SINGLE-STOREY
BUILDING USING AUTOCAD SOFTWARE
SINGLE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Q1) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the single-storey residential building.

Q2) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the single-storey residential building.

8. PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF DOUBLE-STOREY

BUILDING USING AUTOCAD SOFTWARE

DOUBLE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Q1) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the Double-storey residential building.

Q2) Draw Plan, Elevation and Section for the Double-storey residential building.

9. HOSTEL BUILDING

Q) Draw the Plan, Elevation of the hostel building G+2 Floors. Ground floor is for
Dinning, Other 2 floors are Dormitarys.

10. SCHOOL BUILDING

Q) Draw the Plan, Elevation of the School building.

11. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY LAYOUT FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

12. PRACTICE

1. Plan, Elevation and Sectional Elevation of Single-Storey building using AutoCad Software
with all the detailed naming.

2. Plan, Elevation and Sectional Elevation of Double-Storey building using AutoCad

Software with all detailed naming.