HSC PHYSICS: Yr 11 Assessment Task 3 2022 Marking Criteria

Part A – Multiple choice

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B D B C C D B D D C C B A D C A C A A B

Part B

Question 21
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly distinguishes between a scalar and vector quantity and
2
provides an example of each
• Distinguishes between a scalar and vector quantity but does not provide
examples OR
1
• Defines either a scalar quantity or a vector quantity with an example OR
• Provides an example of a scalar and vector quantity
Sample answer:
A scalar quantity is a quantity that has a magnitude but not a direction e.g. distance, speed, mass,
energy, time. A vector quantity is a quantity that has a magnitude and a direction e.g. displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force.

Question 22
Marking criteria Marks
Correctly calculates the north and east components of the displacement
•
2
with units
• Correctly calculates one of the components OR
1
• Calculates both values without units
Sample answer:

𝑆𝑆⃗𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

𝑆𝑆⃗𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁ℎ
25 m
60°

P
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
𝑆𝑆⃗𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
sin 60 = 𝑆𝑆⃗𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 25 sin 60 = 21.7 𝑚𝑚 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
25

𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
𝑆𝑆⃗𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁ℎ
cos 60 = 𝑆𝑆⃗𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁ℎ = 25 cos 60 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ
25

Note – the working out for this question was very poor. You should have drawn and labelled the two
components on the diagram.
Question 23 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates acceleration with units and direction through
2
substitution into relevant equation
• Correctly calculates acceleration without units and/or direction OR
• Correctly calculates acceleration with units and direction without
1
substitution into relevant equation OR
• Applies correct process with one error
Sample answer:
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 18 − 0
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = = = 3.6 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 5−0

Question 23 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the displacement at 50 seconds with working 2
• Demonstrates an understanding that the area under the curve is equal to
the displacement OR
1
• Correctly calculates displacement without working OR
• Applies constant acceleration equations appropriately
Sample answer:
Consider time t= 0 s to t=30s
𝑠𝑠⃗ = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = (0.5 × 5 × 18) + (15 × 18) + (0.5 × 10 × 18) = 405 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ

Consider time t= 30 s to t=50s

𝑠𝑠⃗ = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = (0.5 × 10 × 18) + (10 × 18) = 270 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ

𝑆𝑆⃗𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 405 − 270 = 135 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ

Question 23 (c)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the average velocity with units and direction by
substitution into relevant equation OR 1
• Applies correct process using incorrect data from previous answer
• Calculates the correct velocity but does not substitute into the relevant
0.5
equation or does not include units
Sample answer:
𝑠𝑠⃗ 135 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ
𝑣𝑣⃗ = = = 2.7 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ
𝑡𝑡 50
Question 24 (a)
Marking Criteria Marks
• All three vectors drawn correctly and to scale 2
• All three vectors drawn correctly but not to scale OR
• U – V drawn correctly instead of V – U OR 1
• Demonstrates and understanding that V – U = V + (-U)
Sample answer:
N V – U = V + (-U)

V
θ

Scale: 1 cm = 3 m s-1
Resultant -U
(V-U)

Question 24 (b)
Marking Criteria Marks
• Magnitude and direction of change in velocity correctly calculated from
2
vector diagram in (a)
• Magnitude of change in velocity calculated only OR
1
• Direction of velocity change calculated correctly from diagram in (a)
Sample answer:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = �122 + 122 = 16.97 = 17 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −1

Finding the direction of velocity change:

𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 12
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = =
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 12

12
𝜃𝜃 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 � � = 45°
12

Therefore, change in velocity = 17 m s-1 S 45° E or T 135°

Question 24 (c)
Marking Criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates average acceleration with units OR
1
• Applies correct process with incorrect values from previous question
• Calculates correct acceleration without units OR without direction OR
0.5
without substitution into relevant equation
Sample answer:

∆𝑣𝑣⃗ 16.67 𝑆𝑆 45° 𝐸𝐸

𝑎𝑎⃗ = = = 3.39 = 3.4 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2 𝑆𝑆 45° 𝐸𝐸
𝑡𝑡 5
Question 25 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly identifies the number of wavelengths shown 1
Sample answer:
3.5 wavelengths.

Question 25 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the period with the correct unit through substitution
1
into relevant equation
• Calculates the period without substitution or without the correct unit 0.5
Sample answer:
1 1
𝑇𝑇 = = = 0.0026 𝑠𝑠
𝑓𝑓 384

Question 25 (c)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the frequency with the correct unit through
1
substitution into relevant equation
• Calculates the frequency without substitution or without the correct unit
OR
0.5
• Calculates frequency via correct process but doesn’t convert nm to m
correctly
Sample answer:
𝑣𝑣 3.00×108
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 = 𝜆𝜆 = 540×10−9 = 5.56 × 1014 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

Question 26 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Labels axes with appropriate headings and units
• Has force on the x-axis and acceleration on the y-axis
• Scale is constant
3
• Plots points correctly
• Draws appropriate line of best fit
• Data points occupy at least 80% of the grid provided.
• 4-5 of the above 2
• 1-3 of the above 1
Sample answer:
 Investigating the acceleration of a trolley
3

2.5
Acceleration (m/s/s)

1.5

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Force (N)

Question 26 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• Calculates gradient correctly, including units, with working 2
• Calculates gradient correctly without units and/or without working OR
1
• Identifies the correct unit of the gradient
Sample answer:
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 2.5 − 0.25 2.25
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = = = = 0.25 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2 𝑁𝑁 −1
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 10 − 1 9

Note - when you calculate the gradient of the line of best fit, the points you use must lie on the line of
best fit.

Question 26 (c)
Marking criteria Marks
• Calculates the mass of the trolley correctly from gradient 1
Sample answer:
Method 1
Since line of best fit is a straight line, it must follow the general formula for a straight line, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑏𝑏,
where m is the gradient.
𝑓𝑓 1 1
𝑎𝑎 = 𝑚𝑚 can be written as 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓 + 0, hence the gradient of the graph is equal to 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚.

Therefore

1 1
𝑚𝑚 = = = 4.0 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 0.25
Question 26 (d)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly explains why the graph supports Newton’s Second Law of
2
motion (must refer to features of the graph and Newton’s Second Law)
• Partial explanation provided OR
1
• States Newton’s 2nd Law
Sample answer:
Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to
𝐹𝐹
the net force acting on it, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object (𝑎𝑎 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ). In the
𝑚𝑚
graph, the line of best fit is linear, upward sloping towards the right and passes through the origin
(0,0). This indicates that the variable on the y-axis (acceleration) is directly proportional to the
variable on the x-axis (net force), hence the graph supports Newton’s Second Law.

Question 27
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly explains why the student is incorrect
2
• Outlines a suitable example of an action-reaction force pair
• Partial explanation provided OR
1
• Outlines a suitable example of an action-reaction force pair
Sample answer:
The student’s statement is incorrect because the action-reaction force pair referred to in Newton’s 3rd Law
of Motion do not act on the same object. They act on different objects. Equal forces in opposite
directions can only cancel if they are applied to the same object. Since this is not the case, the two
objects involved will experience a non-zero net force and will therefore accelerate in accordance with
Newton’s Second Law. Consider a foot kicking a soccer ball:

Action force - the foot applies a 10 N force right onto

the soccer ball.
Reaction force – the ball applies a 10 N force left onto
the foot.

Note – many students referred to an object possessing a force. This is incorrect. On object can possess
energy, but an object does not possess a force. It can exert a force on another object.

Question 28 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly describes the energy changes as the ball travels up AND down 2
• Correctly describes the energy changes as the ball travels up or down
OR
1
• An incomplete description of the energy changes as the ball travels up
and down
Sample answer:
As the ball leaves the hand and travels up towards its peak height, the ball loses kinetic energy and
gains gravitational potential energy. At its peak height the ball has no kinetic energy. All of its
kinetic energy has been converted into gravitational potential energy.
As the ball falls back towards the ground, it loses gravitational potential energy and gains kinetic
energy. By the time the ball hits the ground all of its gravitational potential energy has been
converted into kinetic energy.
Question 28 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the speed of the ball through substitution into
2
relevant equations
• Correctly calculates the kinetic energy and/or the gravitational energy at
one position OR
1
• Calculates the change in gravitational potential energy OR
• Applies the correct process with one or two substitution errors
Sample answer:
𝐸𝐸𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐸𝐸𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑈𝑈𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
1 1
𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑢2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
2 2
1 2 1
𝑢𝑢 + 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑣𝑣 2 + 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
2 2
1 1
� × 202 � + (9.8 × 1.5) = 𝑣𝑣 2 + (9.8 × 15)
2 2
1 2
200 + 14.7 = 𝑣𝑣 + 147
2
𝑣𝑣 2 = 135.4
𝑣𝑣 = √135.4 = 11.6 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −1

Question 29 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the velocity of the 500 kg car after the collision,
with units and direction, through correct substitution into relevant 3
equation
• Correctly calculates the velocity of the 500 kg car after the collision,
with units and direction, without substitution into relevant equation OR
• Correctly calculates the velocity of the 500 kg car after the collision, 2
without units and/or direction OR
• Applies the correct process with one substitution or mathematical error
• States an expression that can be used to calculate the velocity of the 500
kg car after the collision OR
• Correctly calculates the momentum of either car before or after the 1
collision OR
• Applies the conservation of kinetic energy
Sample answer:
Let east be positive
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

𝑚𝑚1 𝑢𝑢
�⃗1 + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑢𝑢
�⃗2 = 𝑚𝑚1 𝑣𝑣⃗1 + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑣𝑣⃗2

(1250 × 4.0) + (500 × −5.0) = (1250 × −0.5) + (500 × 𝑣𝑣⃗2 )

500𝑣𝑣⃗2 = (1250 × 4.0) + (500 × −5.0) − (1250 × −0.5)

500𝑣𝑣⃗2 = 5000 − 2500 + 625

3125
𝑣𝑣⃗2 = = 6.25 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
500
Question 29 (b)
Marking Criteria Marks
• Correct explanation of the cause of an inelastic collision provided 2
• Partial explanation provided OR
1
• An inelastic collision defined correctly
Sample answer:
An inelastic collision is one in which kinetic energy is not conserved. Most collisions produce some
sound and heat energy. The law of conservation of energy states that this energy cannot be created, but
must rather be transformed from a different form of energy, such as the original kinetic energy of the
objects. Consequently, in most collisions, post-collision kinetic energy is less than the pre-collision
kinetic energy. Hence, kinetic energy is not conserved and the collision is inelastic.

Question 30 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correct definition provided. 1
• Partially correct definition provided 0.5
Sample answer:
The intensity of light is a measure of the amount of energy passing through a certain area each second. It
is often measured in the unit J s-1 m-2 or W m-2.

Question 30 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correct intensity calculated through correct substitution into relevant
2
equation
• Correct process applied with a substitution or arithmetic error OR
1
• Correct value calculated with no substitution into relevant equation
Sample answer:
𝐼𝐼1 𝑟𝑟22
=
𝐼𝐼2 𝑟𝑟12

𝐼𝐼1 𝑟𝑟12 450 × 22

𝐼𝐼2 = = = 50 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑟𝑟22 (2 + 4)2

Question 31 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Thorough explanation of how the superposition of two waves can
3
produce a beat frequency of 5 Hz
• Partial explanation of how the superposition of two waves can produce a
2
beat frequency of 5 Hz
• Any relevant statement provided 1
Sample answer:
Beats are produced when two sound waves of slightly different frequency are superimposed on each
other. The resultant wave produced has a periodic (repeating) sequence of loud and soft sounds as a
consequence of periodic constructive and destructive interference. These regular, repeating
variations of loud and soft sounds are known as beats. The frequency of the beat is given by 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
|𝑓𝑓2 − 𝑓𝑓1 |. Therefore, to produce a beat with a frequency of 5 Hz, the two original sound waves must
differ by 5 Hz e.g. 500 Hz and 505 Hz.
Question 31 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• A diagram drawn with a shorter wavelength in front of the moving
source and a longer wavelength behind the moving source.
2
• Frequency labelled as higher in front of the source and lower behind the
source.
• Correct diagram provided OR
• Frequency labelled as higher in front of the source and lower behind the 1
source.
Sample answer:

Lower frequency behind higher frequency in front

Question 31 (c)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correctly calculates the observed frequency 2
• Identifies the relevant equation OR
• States that the observed frequency would be lower than 800 Hz OR
1
• Substitutes correctly into an incorrect equation OR
• Calculates the correct value without working
Sample answer:
(𝑣𝑣𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 + 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 )
𝑓𝑓 ′ = 𝑓𝑓
(𝑣𝑣𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 − 𝑣𝑣𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 )
(340 + 0)
𝑓𝑓 ′ = 800
(340 − −50)
(340)
𝑓𝑓 ′ = 800
(390)
′
𝑓𝑓 = 697 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

Question 32 (a)
Marking criteria Marks
• Correct explanation provided that applies the conservation of energy to
identify that the specific heat capacity of water is larger than that of the 3
metal
• Incomplete explanation provided 2
• Some relevant information provided 1
Sample answer:
When the warm metal block is placed in the cool water, thermal energy is transferred from the metal
block to the water until the objects reach thermal equilibrium, at which point both objects will have the
same temperature. The law of conservation of energy dictates that the thermal energy lost by the metal
block must equal the thermal energy gained by the water. The temperature at thermal equilibrium is
closer to the initial temperature of the water because water has a higher specific heat capacity than the
metal. That is, the energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of liquid water by 1 K is more than
the energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of solid metal by 1 K. Consequently, even though
the amount of thermal energy lost by the metal equals the amount of thermal energy gained by the water,
their respective changes in temperature are not same size.
Question 32 (b)
Marking criteria Marks
• Specific heat capacity correctly calculated through substitution into
2
relevant equation
• Correct process applied with a substitution error and/or arithmetic error OR
1
• Calculates the energy absorbed by the water
Sample answer:
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 0

𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = −𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Since the mass of both objects is equal, this expression can be simplified to:

𝑐𝑐∆𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = −𝑐𝑐∆𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑐𝑐𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 (𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 ) = −𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 )

𝑐𝑐𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 (𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 ) 4.18 × 103 × (24 − 20)

𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = = 1.045 × 103 𝐽𝐽 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘−1 𝐾𝐾 −1
−(𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ) −(24 − 40)

Note – If a constant is provided in the data sheet, you must use it as it is stated. You cannot round it i.e.
you cannot round the specific heat capacity of liquid water from 4180 to 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
Question 33
Marking criteria Marks
• Describes the transfer of electrons between Ebonite and woollen fabric
• Describes the effect of the Ebonite rod on the delocalised valence electrons
of the metal 4
• Describes the electrostatic repulsion between the metal leaves
• Identifies the metal leaves swing apart
• Sound but incomplete explanation that refers to the movement of electrons
3
and links the motion of the metal leaves to the electrostatic force
• Basic explanation linking the motion of the metal leaves to the electrostatic
force OR 2
• Describes how the metal leaves gain the same charge
• States opposite charges attract OR
• Identifies that electrons are transferred between the Ebonite and Woollen
fabric OR 1
• Identifies the metal leaves swing apart OR
• Identifies the Ebonite rod becomes negatively charged
Sample answer:
When the Ebonite rod was rubbed with the woollen fabric, electrons were transferred from the
woollen fabric to the Ebonite rod. This caused the Ebonite rod to have an excess of electrons and
hence a negative electrostatic charge.

When the Ebonite rod is held near the metal disc of the electroscope, because like electrostatic charges
repel, the Ebonite will repel the delocalised valence electrons in the metal disc and metal rod, causing
them to move down into the metal foil leaves. This increase in the number of electrons in the metal
leaves causes both of the leaves to have a negative electrostatic charge. Since like charges repel, the two
metal leaves will repel each other, causing them to swing apart.
General notes
• The working out in mathematical based problems was generally poor. In every mathematical
based question you should:
o Write down the relevant equation (s)
o Write down all of the variables known, including their units
o Convert all known variables into standard units
o Substitute into the equation and then evaluate
o Write the final answer down with units
o If the quantity is a vector quantity, write the direction
• Read the question carefully twice before answering it. A significant number of people wrote
answers that did not address the question.
• You need to get into the habit of writing as much detail as possible. It is your job to convince the
marker that you know your stuff. Do not be lazy in your responses.