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The document discusses Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines, highlighting traditional knowledge and practices such as weather prediction, herbal medicine, and sustainable farming. It emphasizes the role of indigenous peoples in developing observational and problem-solving skills, as well as the contributions of notable scientists and institutions in advancing science and technology in the country. Additionally, it outlines major development programs aimed at enhancing science education and technological innovation.

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Kier Tabz
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6 views

Chapter-3 (added notes)

The document discusses Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines, highlighting traditional knowledge and practices such as weather prediction, herbal medicine, and sustainable farming. It emphasizes the role of indigenous peoples in developing observational and problem-solving skills, as well as the contributions of notable scientists and institutions in advancing science and technology in the country. Additionally, it outlines major development programs aimed at enhancing science education and technological innovation.

Uploaded by

Kier Tabz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines

Filipinos, especially during the early times, tried to invent tools that will help them in
everyday life. They also developed alternative ideas in explaining various phenomena
and in explaining the world around them. The system of knowledge is called indigenous
knowledge, which is the foundation of indigenous science.
Some examples of Indigenous Knowledge that are taught and practiced by the
indigenous people are:
 Predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing
animals’ behavior and celestial bodies;
 Using herbal medicines;
 Preserving foods
 Classifying plants and animals into families and groups based on cultural
properties
 Preserving and selecting goods seeds for planting
 Using indigenous technology
 Building local irrigation systems
 Classifying different types of soil for planting based on cultural properties
 Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits; and
 Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard
Indigenous Science uses Science Process Skills
 Observing - Indigenous peoples have developed deep observational skills to
notice patterns in nature, such as changes in animal behavior, weather patterns,
and plant growth cycles. Example: The Ivatan people of Batanes observe cloud
formations, wind directions, and sea conditions to predict approaching storms,
helping them prepare for extreme weather.
 Comparing - They compare different species, ecosystems, and environmental
conditions to determine the best times for hunting, fishing, and planting.
Example: The Mangyan of Mindoro compare different rice varieties based on
growth rate, resistance to pests, and yield to determine which is best suited for
their land and climate.
 Classifying - Indigenous knowledge systems categorize plants, animals, and
natural elements based on their properties, uses, and relationships within
ecosystems. Example: The Tagbanua of Palawan classify plants into
medicinal, poisonous, edible, and spiritual categories, using this knowledge
for healing, food, and rituals.
 Measuring - Traditional measurement systems exist, such as using the sun's
position, star movements, and seasonal changes to track time, predict weather,
and plan agricultural activities. Example: The Ifugao use precise land
measurement techniques to construct their famous Banaue Rice Terraces,
ensuring proper water flow and soil stability.
 Problem Solving - Indigenous communities develop solutions to environmental
challenges, such as sustainable farming methods, water conservation
techniques, and natural medicine preparation. Example: The Aeta develop
sustainable farming techniques by practicing kaingin (slash-and-burn
agriculture) in a controlled manner, allowing the land to regenerate before
reusing it.
 Inferring - Based on years of observation, Indigenous peoples draw conclusions
about natural events, such as predicting droughts by analyzing signs in animal
migration or plant conditions. The T’boli of Mindanao infer changes in fish
populations by observing river water clarity and the presence of certain aquatic
plants, guiding their fishing practices.
 Communicating - Knowledge is passed down orally, through storytelling, art,
songs, and ceremonies, ensuring the preservation and transmission of scientific
understanding. The Maranao people pass down knowledge of their torogan
(traditional house) construction techniques orally, ensuring homes are built to
withstand earthquakes and strong winds.
 Predicting - Indigenous Science forecasts future events based on past
experiences and patterns, such as using animal behavior to predict weather
changes or ecological shifts. The Bontoc predict seasonal changes by observing
the blooming of specific trees and the migration of birds, helping them plan
their agricultural activities.

Other agencies in relation to Science and Technology


 Department of Science and Technology - Advanced Science and Technology
Institute (DOST-ASTI) - Founded in 1987, DOST-ASTI is dedicated to research
and development in critical fields like ICT, microelectronics, technology transfer,
and space technology. It offers services such as training, technology
dissemination, and collaborative research to foster innovation in the ICT sector
and support the Filipino community.
 Philippine Science High School - Provides advanced education to youth excelling
in the fields of science and technology.
 Philippine Coconut for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and
Development (PCIEERD) – shall formulate policies, plans, programs and
strategies for science and technology, as well as, program and allocate
government funds generated for research and development efforts for the
development of national competence in strategic areas of industry, energy and
emerging technology research and development.
Scientists/Inventors
 The title "Father of Philippine Science" is commonly attributed to Dr. Gregorio
Zara. He was a pioneering engineer and physicist known for his significant
contributions to various fields, including his invention of the first two-way video
telephone.
 Isaac Asimov made profound contributions to science and technology through
his visionary science fiction and accessible popular science writing. He is
renowned for introducing the "Three Laws of Robotics," which have shaped
ethical discussions around artificial intelligence and robotics. His ability to predict
future technological advancements, such as computing and space exploration,
inspired generations of scientists and engineers, solidifying his legacy as a key
figure in both literature and the promotion of scientific understanding.
 Charles Babbage is recognized as the "father of the computer" for his innovative
designs of mechanical computing devices, particularly the Analytical Engine,
conceived in the 1830s. This groundbreaking machine introduced key concepts
of modern computing, such as the use of a programmable control unit and
memory storage. Although it was never completed, Babbage's ideas laid the
foundation for future developments in computer science and technology,
influencing the evolution of digital computing.
 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow is best known for inventing the Nipkow disk in 1884, a
groundbreaking mechanical device that enabled the transmission of images over
wires. This invention played a crucial role in the early development of television
technology by allowing for the systematic scanning of images, which laid the
foundation for later electronic imaging systems. Nipkow's work significantly
advanced the field of telecommunication and imaging, making him a key figure in
the history of visual media.
 George Devol is credited with inventing the first industrial robot, called Unimate,
in the 1950s, which revolutionized manufacturing processes. His innovation laid
the groundwork for the automation of tasks in industrial settings, enhancing
efficiency and productivity in factories. Devol's contributions to robotics not only
advanced technology but also sparked significant developments in the field,
leading to the widespread use of robotic systems across various industries.

Some of the major development programs in science and technology:


 National Electrification Administration - NEA is a government-owned and
controlled corporation which supervises the 121 electric cooperatives (ECs)
nationwide that operate as electric distribution utilities to cater the needs of some
60 million Member-Consumer-Owners (MCOs) in the rural areas.
 Philippine Science High School System - equips students with analytical skills
and fosters their creativity, enabling them to navigate the evolving landscape of
living, thinking, learning, working, and community building through science,
technology, and innovation in the digital age.
 Philippine Science Foundation - was established to engage in activities that
promote, facilitate, coordinate, and safeguard the collective interests of the key
stakeholders in the rice industry.

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