Content.

Context, Processes And Consequences of Socialization

Socialization-is a form of interaction by which people acquire personality and

learn the way of life of their society.

is the lifelong process by which individuals learn the norms, values,

behaviors, and social skills appropriate to their society. It is a crucial part of
human development because it shapes personality, identity, and the way we
interact with others.

Types of Socialization

1. Primary socialization when a child learn the values, norms and

behaviors that should be displayed in order to live accordingly to a
specific culture

Primary Socialization: This occurs during childhood when a child learns the
basic values, norms, and behaviors necessary to fit into their culture. This is
primarily learned from close family members.

Resocialization involves replacing old behaviors with new ones, often in

response to a drastic life changExample: A child learns to speak the
language of their culture, develops a sense of right and wrong, and
understands basic social roles such as gender expectations within their
family.

2. Secondary socialization -This type occurs when a person learns on

appropriate behavior to be displayed within a smaller group which is
still part of a larger society.

This takes place later in life when individuals learn how to behave in smaller, more specialized
social groups, such as in school, work, or social clubs.

Example: A teenager learns the specific norms of a sports team, such as

discipline, teamwork, and respect for authority within the context of the
team, which may differ from family expectations.

3. Developmental socialization-involves a learning process where in the

fear on developing our Social skills

This is an ongoing process where people continue to develop social skills and roles throughout
their life.
Example: An adult learns to navigate the professional world, understanding
how to communicate effectively in a corporate setting or develop leadership
skills.

4. Anticipatory socialization - Adoption of attitude and values of a group

to which one does not belong. serving the twin functions of facilitating
a move into that group and easing the process of adjustment after
becoming a part of the group.

This involves adopting the norms and behaviors of a group one expects to join in the future.

is the process where individuals prepare for future roles by adopting behaviors, attitudes, and
norms of a group they aspire to join. This form of socialization helps ease transitions and
adjustment when the individual eventually enters that group.

Example: A student who dresses and behaves like a business professional in

preparation for entering the corporate world after graduation.

A couple about to get married might begin budgeting together, dividing

household chores, and discussing long-term goals to anticipate the dynamics
of married life.

5. Resocialization-refers to the learning process by which old roles and

behaviors of individuals are replaced by new ones.

This occurs when individuals must discard their previous behaviors and learn new ones as they
transition into a different life situation.

resocialization involves replacing old behaviors with new ones, often in response to a drastic
life change.

Example: When someone is released from prison, they undergo

resocialization to reintegrate into society, learning new behaviors that differ
from the prison environment.

Aspects of Culture

•Context of Culture-refers to various settings, environments and

circumstances in which socialization occurs.
occurs within multiple contexts, each of which shapes how individuals
absorb culture and develop their identities:

 Social context - Refers to the society or social group one belongs to,
like family, school, or peer groups. Social expectations change
depending on these groups.

Example: A child behaves differently at home (family context) than at school

(educational context).

Biological Context- Refers to the influence of genetic and biological factors

on socialization. The capacity for learning and development can be shaped
by biology.

Example: Certain developmental milestones, such as walking or speaking,

are influenced by biological growth patterns.

 Psychological context - Involves personal emotions, mental health, and

cognitive abilities that influence how one engages in the socialization
process.

Example: A child who is shy may take longer to socialize and learn cultural
norms compared to a more extroverted child.

•content of socialization-ideas, beliefs, behavior and other information that

are passed lay members of society to the individual.

Example: In a collectivist culture, children are taught the importance of

family loyalty and community over individual success, whereas in
individualistic cultures, personal achievement is emphasized.

•process of socialization – methods of interaction that enables the content to

be given to the person undergoing socialization.

 Observation and Imitation: Individuals observe and copy behaviors

from others.

 Example: A child learns table manners by watching how adults eat.

 Direct Instruction: Explicit teaching of norms and values.

 Example: Parents teach their children to say "please" and "thank you."
 Interaction: Engaging with others through conversation and social
experiences.

 Example: A teenager learns social cues by interacting with peers.

 Role Modeling: Individuals learn by emulating the behavior of authority

figures or people they admire.

 Example: A student learns leadership by observing a respected

teacher or coach.

•Consequences of socialization-refers to the impacts or outcomes that arise

from the shared values, beliefs, norms, and Practices within a society.

The outcomes that result from the socialization process, shaping behavior
and identity.

 established self concept-Socialization helps individuals develop a sense

of identity and self-worth.

Example: A person grows to see themselves as a responsible adult because

of positive reinforcement from family and mentors.

 Creates capacity for role taking

Individuals learn to understand different perspectives and social roles.

 Example: A person learns to empathize with others by putting

themselves in someone else’s shoes.

 creates the tendency for people to act in socially acceptable way-

Socialization encourages people to act in ways that are deemed
acceptable by their society.

Example: A child learns not to interrupt others during conversations

because it is considered polite behavior
 Make people bearers of culture.- Individuals pass cultural values and
behaviors to the next generation.
  Example: A parent teaches their children the traditions and customs
of their culture, ensuring cultural continuity.

 Looking-Glass Self
 -a concept that suggests people develop the sense of self based on
how they believe others perceive and evaluate them
 -develop by American sociologist CHARLES HORTON COOLEY which
states that individuals from their view of themselves based on how
they believed they appear to others.

Three components

1) The imagination of how one appears to another person-

2) the imagination of how one is judged by the person.

3) The feelings generated from these imaginations.

Stages of Self

 -developed by George Herbert Mead. It is a model of the process by

which the self emerges

3 distinct Stages:

a. Preparatory stage-at this stage children imitate the people

around them As they grow older, they become adept at using
symbols to communicate with others.

B. Play Stage-the child begins to pretend to be other people. The important

aspect of this stage is role playing.

 Role playing is the process ntally assuming the perspective of another

in order to respond From that imaginative point.

C. Game stage-Child no longer plays with roles but begins to consider several
tasks and relationship simultaneously