See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/355409008

IoT Cloud-Based Remote Patient Health Monitoring and Alarm System

Chapter in International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research · April 2021

DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2021.04

CITATIONS READS
0 492

2 authors:

Md. Tanvir Amin Jarin Sobah Peu

Bangladesh University of Professionals Bangladesh University of Professionals
4 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS 2 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Md. Tanvir Amin on 19 October 2021.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021 221
ISSN 2229-5518

IoT Cloud-Based Remote Patient Health

Monitoring and Alarm System
Md. Tanvir Amin1, Jarin Sobah Peu2

Abstract: Using cloud computing and furthermore the Internet of Things (IoT), the world is changing nowadays. The
development and revolution of modern technology caused by IoT and the cloud made our lives easier. Technology is
changing each year, so there is an attempt to consume new technology in several areas to boost human life quality.
Specific of the numerous research fields which are essential in our healthy life is the healthcare sector. Our project’s main
theme is to design a remote healthcare system using IoT and cloud, which monitors patients continuously 24 hours and
sends information to doctors and registered hospitals. In this paper, the critical research addressed is to transmit a remote
healthcare network infrastructure for monitoring patients and sending updates to doctors. This paper, tries to identify the
key remote patient health monitoring systems critical network requirements in real-time data generating updates. This
network infrastructure is considered a better way to continuously monitor a patient’s health condition before any infection
and serious issue occur. This architecture consists of Arduino, cloud computing, alarm, different types of sensors. The
sensor senses the health data and generates it. The alarm data generation is sending in such a way that patient can take
medicine and get his body situation information on time. In case the patient health parameter crosses the threshold level,
a notification will sent through SMS or Email alert. The discussion of different kinds of sensors is done in this paper. The
data will generate and shares digitally with the hospital using the Zigbee module. It will help doctors to send the required
medicine and suggestion to patients. All instruments consist of hub need to work with Wi-Fi protocol and batteries used
for sensors nodes power. Using the concept together, we want to create low and affordable costs which make remote-

IJSER
based health monitoring systems digital and efficient.

Keywords: IoT, Cloud, Remote healthcare system, Arduino UNO, Sensors, Zigbee technology.

condition. This network will be effective in the

1. Introduction COVID-19 pandemic situation. Due to this
pandemic time, a vast number of people are
The world population is increasing day by day. affected on COVID-19 [1]. This module will be a
By comparing there on, medical facilities and better choice for developing countries also. In
resources are expended but insufficient level [1]. those countries, populations are increasing, but
During this situation, the remote healthcare healthcare resources are not sufficient by
systems will play a vital role because medically comparing. Proper medical facilities and
challenged people's rates are increasing. Within resources are still not available for many people,
the healthcare arena, information and especially those who have low incomes and live
communication technology (ICT) network in rural areas. There is an urgent need to develop
topologies have helped improve health highly reliable technology and low-cost health
monitoring systems. Between ICT network monitoring systems [4]. So, we proposed the
topologies internet of things and cloud architecture of an IoT cloud-based remote health
computing carried out the healthcare technology monitoring system in those areas. Sensors will
towards the next level [2]. It ensures affordable, measure the patient’s temperature, blood
low-cost, handy, and reliable devices called pressure, respiratory rate, movement, heart rate,
remote health monitoring system devices ECG, Toxic level, SPO2. The sensors will record
embedded with the patients. This structure is an signals in continuous time. Sensors provide
extended potion of clinic health systems where information about the patient’s temperature,
remotely patient health can monitor and send blood pressure, respiratory rate, movement, heart
updates to doctors [3]. Everyone seems to rate, ECG, Toxic level, SPO2, and patient current
concern about health issues. We will use a information [5]. After that resulting data generate
continuous remote health monitoring system in process and analyze by intelligent machines.
form of IoT and cloud. This system can use Arduino automatically makes these applications.
Arduino and IoT cloud together in the form of an It shares information digitally in hospitals using
innovation system to monitor a patient’s health the Zigbee module with the help of cloud

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 222
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

computing and enables full visibility that also. In this module, patient monitors their health
provides a higher level of evidence. Doctors condition from home effectively. It’s an excellent
required consideration about patient’s past for way to give early information about any
his/her better treatment, so this tool is helps to
diagnosis, prevention of lifestyle diseases, and
produce valued information about patients, like
treatment [8]. In recent times many commercial
the symbol of illness [9]. It also delivers related
critical perceptions into better care and faster devices for home healthcare monitoring is used
treatments. So the hospital management will be widely. Comparing those devices, we try to
more accessible and liable to the family member design a remote-based monitoring system device
[7]. It is also helpful for patients to save time and in combination with monitoring tools. This device
money. The remote health systems are often will be effective for heart diseases patient because
functional within the following aspects [6]:
nowadays, heart-related diseases are increasing.
a) Patient who has an unstable regulatory health Many cardiac-related diseases happen for the
condition. In this case, the body sensor and the modern lifestyle, food habits, obesity, smoking
alarm will suggest taking new medicine to tobacco, and physical exercise [10]. For a few
replace old medicine to work optimally faster to patients, the cardiac problem can reoccur after
return the body regulatory system stable. treatment, once they switch daily routine work.
For those patients, ECG needs to monitor
b) Patient has a risk of heart attack or mile stroke.

IJSER
In this case, the sensor senses it by monitoring consistently after some time of their treatment. So
and sends an alert in advance that he needs they need the advice of first-hand medical
emergency medication at that time. attention and doctor follow-up for those who
have a risk of cardiac tissue [11]. In recent times
c) Critical body situation in case of COVID we undergo a pandemic situation which is called
infection, asthma, etc.
COVID-19. In these diseases, patient lunges are
d) Will be a helpful network infrastructure for the poorly affected by the SARS-COV-2 virus.
hospital to monitor emergency and updating Patients are affected by this disease by
monitoring service as well. pneumonia, normal fever, dry cough, breathing
problem, diarrhea, etc. If the lungs’ respiratory
e) This system will be a development for life- system is poorly affected, the patient will have a
threatening conditions.
risk of the die. If any patient affected by it the
If we measure the aspects, Remote monitoring family member will be affected too because it’s
systems using IoT and cloud can be handy and the exchange by air, sweat also. So people need to
valuable tools. take a safe distance from the patient. The patient
needs to maintain quarantine and to review
2. Overview of Study: physical data every day. For these diseases, a
remote healthcare monitoring system device is
The main theme in this paper is to plan a remote
effective and also required [12]. The device will
patient monitoring system with two
monitor patient health data rapidly if any
communication tracks. It sends patient records to
breathing problem or other issue occurs it will
the doctor by SMS or Email, and the doctor can
send an alert to the patient mobile and
send recommendations and medicine to patients
automatically generate and send data to a nearly
or family members using the identical way [7]. A
located hospital. This device warns a person who
doctor or their family member can track patient
is a heart disease patient by monitoring his heart
area at anywhere through a Google map. It’s also
bit and others’ physical condition. Sensors will
used to send medicine or any emergency kits
measure the patient’s temperature, blood

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 223
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

pressure, respiratory rate, movement, heart rate, 3. Methodology:

ECG, Toxic level, SPO2. The sensors will record
signals in continuous time. Sensors provide 3.1 Proposed Diagram:
information about the patient’s temperature,
The block diagram of proposed system using
blood pressure, respiratory rate, movement, heart Arduino UNO is shown here:
rate, ECG, Toxic level, SPO2, and the patient’s
current condition [5]. It gives the patient a signal
by sending SMS and email alerts and doctors
through the Global system of mobile (GSM) that
doctor can take the necessary steps [9]. This
module structure is prepared of two sub-
frameworks. One is a patient physical situation
data gaining and the other is a Communication
plan to support Zigbee technology for hospital
monitor and control. The patient physical
measurements sense by monitoring scheme
sensors and the data is generated in the cloud, it

IJSER
sends data to the SQL database system which
analyzes and processes data and sent those data
to the hospital by Zigbee technology. Then
patient statistics can be showed as a numeric
value on the hospital control monitor. By using
this data duty doctor can diagnose the patient
[13]. Wireless sensor node network is created of
lots of wireless sensors, based on Zigbee. Zigbee Fig 1: Remote patient Health monitoring system
innovations deliver a resolution to transmit proposed System Block Diagram [9]
numbers by wireless communication. Zigbee This proposed system is divided into some parts:
technology can communicate up to 250 kbps
which is enough for patient physical parameter 3.2 Health monitoring and data collection:
sending. This technology is good for short- Sensors are using in health monitoring systems is
distance wireless networks because of low power to collect data and health parameters from
depletion, ease, little size, and free frequency. patients. This proposed system; sensors monitor
Evaluating patient location and doctor’s the critical health parameter like temperature,
flexibility we use the Zigbee and wireless sensor blood pressure, respiratory rate, movement, heart
network [14]. In this modern world and with the rate, ECG, etc. Sensors send the signal data to
risk of a pandemic situation, Telemedicine will be Arduino [6].
widely considered the best part of the upcoming
3.2.1 Arduino UNO:
of the modern repetition of medicine. This E-
health monitoring system will be lifesaving and Arduino UNO is a microcontroller built on the
revolution for the digitalization of the health ATmega328p. Its 14 computerized input/output
pins, six analog inputs, a 16 MHz quarter gem, a
sector. It’s efficient and ubiquitous healthcare
USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and
service with fewer errors and sustainable [15].
a reset button. It contains all to sustenance the
microcontroller interface it to a PC with a USB link.

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 224
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

An AC-to-DC Adapter is employed towards sensor stands in a procedure of an IC that

provide power on Arduino to start [16]. performance as a transducer. It’s referred to as a
pressure force transmitter, pressure pointer,
piezometer, etc. [17].

Figure 5: Pressure Sensor

Figure 2: Arduino UNO
3.2.5 Body Movement Sensor:
3.2.2 ECG Sensor:
MMA7260QT is used to sense the body movement
ECG sensor will measure the heart rate of the of the patient. Using X, Y axis, each motion of
patient in the system. Bioelectric signals contain movement can sense. This sensor is a micro-
low amplitude are used to trigger the heartbeat machined IC accelerometer [6].

IJSER
and its data are generated. Electric signals are
converted into numeric values through
electrocardiography [6].

Figure 6: Accelerometer Sensor

3.2.6 Humidity Sensor:

A humidity sensor is used to sense, measure, and

Figure 3: ECG Sensor report humidity within the air. It processes both air
temperature and moisture. The sensor comprises
3.2.3 Temperature Sensor: of two metal plates and contains a non-conductive
polymer film. This film gathers moisture from the
The temperature sensor is castoff to measure the
air, which reasons for the voltage. The voltage
patient’s internal body temperature. LM35 remains converts into digital input and displays the
an IC temperature sensor with its output in °C. amount of humidity within the air [17].
Temperature can measure more accurately with
LM35. The functional temperature range is from -
55°C to 150°C [9].

Figure 4: Temperature Sensor

Figure 7: Humidity Sensor
3.2.4 Pressure Sensor:

Pressure sensor which is used to measure pressure

usually gas and liquids. In electric circuits pressure

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 225
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

3.2.7 Heartbeat sensor: 3.2.10 GSM module:

A heartbeat sensor delivers a straight forward GSM (SIM 800L) module is deployed to form a
method to contemplate the purpose of the heat. communication path among computers and GSM-
Blood inside the fingertip change with to time. To GPRS systems. GPRS is an expansion lead of GSM
beat made on blood flow to the fingertip, a pulse that allows high information transmission.
sensor assembling with LM350 OP-AMP for GSM/GPRS module comprises of a GSM/GPRS
checking heartbeat pulse [7]. modem amassed with a power supply circuit and
communication interface. It needs a SIM card like
mobile to form communication with the network.
It also consumes an IMEI number for
identification. It needs AT command on behalf of
interaction with a processor which is connected
with serial communication. The controller sends
those commands. AT command maintained by
modem will be sent by the PC to interrelate with
GSM cell network [18].
Figure 8: Heartbeat Sensor

IJSER
3.2.8 Toxic Gas Sensor:

A gas sensor (MQ9) is beneficial for gas spillage

detection. Because of high sensitivity and fast
reply, measurement can take as soon as possible
[9].

Figure 11: GSM (SIM 800L) Module

3.2.11 GPS module:

Figure 9: Toxic Gas Sensor
GPS (Vk-16E) is a tracker use to track anyone
3.2.9 Air Quality sensor:
location with the help of satellite. For remote
This sensor is used to observe inside air conditions. patient monitoring system it is quite helpful for
It has the possibility to measure injurious gases patient to inform about his place and doctor and
like monoxide, alcohol, thinner, and so on [13]. guardian can easily trace his location using this. It
is small in size, highest performance, and most
sophisticated module [9].

Figure 10: Air Quality Sensor Figure 12: GPS (Vk-16E) Module

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 226
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

guardian or doctor to find the patient on the map

after getting the facts.
3.3 Use Case Diagram:
d) Message Service: Network interface
circumstance donates a group of activities needed
by the doctor to send a message to the patient’s
guardian or family member in emergency
situation.

3.4 Medication and Precaution where patient

need attention and Appliance control:

Whenever a better health monitoring system

available, the patient needs alarm quickly in case
of a critical issue that he/she can move to the
hospital quickly or inform the doctor. In this case,
appliance control is not apart. But on other hand,
the appliance part plays a major role in a patient’s
need to catch his/her condition. Transmit monitor
data to Arduino and convert it into a code script

IJSER
that communicates the appliance of the patient to
make his/her health condition normal and fast
response [13]. But this response would not be
helpful in case of critical health issues. The
Arduino module will display immediate medicine
which will need for a patient in this situation. The
alarm wills activate both times that how many
doses of medicine will be taken and it displayed on
Figure 13: Use Case Symmetric Block diagram the LCD monitor. It is also helpful for a guardian
[19] or other family members to take care of the patient
3.3.1 Use Cases: [6].

3.5 Database design and preparation from

Keynote people of the structure are patient,
acquired data:
Guardian and Doctor. We are identifying a
collection of usage belongings supported the MySQL is that the current most mainstream open-
functionalization and objectives of the application source SQL data set administration framework. It
[9]: is one amongst the finest RDMBS existence based
on developed various web-based software
a) Login: Network interface circumstance donates
applications. It delivers a simple, automatic,
a group of activities needed for the patient,
combined, enterprise-ready MySQL database for
guardian, and doctor to login in to this application.
patient data and also the longitude and latitude of
b) Call service: Network interface circumstance patient’s locations [19]. The data is stored in the
donates a group of activities needed for the doctor MySQL database cloud with the help of Arduino.
to call the guardian or patient in the event of It is necessary to store the medical data of patients.
emergency. This would be helpful for patients to make
decisions. The doctor also benefited from the
c) View location: Network interface circumstance database cloud which would pretend the physical
donates a group of activities needed by the

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 227
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

problems of patients. If the doctor diagnoses faster, affordability, data manipulation and violence of
the patient will cure diseases too quickly [20]. patient’s right, the accuracy of data, data
authentication and flexibility [23].
3.6 Sending alerts and Medical reports to
patient’s guardian and doctors: 5. Conclusion and Future work:
Doctors, patient’s guardians get an alert which is
Alarm notification and medicine prescribe along
the main issue of this project if any problem
with the dose displayed on the screen is the
patient fell or patient health condition crosses the purpose of the paper. It is the advanced IoT cloud-
threshold level. This alert will give the doctor a based remote patient monitoring system that
concern for better diagnosis and help the guardian reduces the data accuracy of human error. The
or family member to take care of the patient. This doctor and patient guardian can take necessary
would help for the patient to monitor the health steps by using health data and the patient can
and take care of him/her [6]. measure his/her health data using this device
instant of going hospital [6-7-8].
4. Challenges:
In the future the sensor data can be managed by
The remote healthcare monitoring system is a new
fully formed append devices, thus the patient can
revolution in medical science. It makes healthcare
communicate by using apps and gets notifications
services cost-effective. However, using this system about their current health status. The digital

IJSER
has various challenges because there is no medical hospital system is now introduced widely in the
staff to ensure proper use of this system [21]. To world. If we implement this remote healthcare
make this system more useable, all problems must system along with a digital hospital it can be
be clarified. So the main challenges are: benefited for the patient and it may not create any
confusion inpatient mind about treatment [10-11].
4.1 Network connectivity:
Strict security protocol must be ensured for data
Remote monitoring system depends on network protection. For a better progression about it, a
connectivity and it gives the availability of patients video call system along with remote monitoring
together can be provided.
and doctor premises. Wearable devices transmit
data over a network, if any interrupts occur it
6. References:
hampers patient health diagnosis. So connectivity
is a major issue and challenge [22]. [1] Venkata Virajit Garabhapa; Sudararaman, “IoT
based low cost single sensor node remote health
4.2 Sensors, wearable device and its wear monitoring system; The 7th International
ability: Conference on Current and future trends of
information and communication technologies in
The remote monitoring system is totally based on Healthcare; (ICTH2017)
sensors and wearable devices. The device must be
available upon the patient’s requirements and it [2] Shashidharan R; Abhilash R; Sahana V; Alok N A;
should be energy efficient, low cost, low weight, Roopa M, “IoT Cloud: In health monitoring
System”; International Journal of Science and
and easy to use [21-22].
Technology Research; Volume 9, Issue 01, January
4.3 Security and Privacy: 2020.

This system works on network availability, all [3] V.M Rohokale; N.R prasrd and R Prasad, “A
networks have a risk of hack and security issues. cooperative internet of things (IoT) for Rural
Healthcare and Monitoring and Control” in
RPM system must be incorporated with security
wireless communication, vehicular technology,
measures to provide guaranty and privacy of
Information theory and Areospace and electronic
patient’s record [21]. To accept this system widely system technology, Second International
there is a various common issue like cost and Conference on, IEEE 2011.

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
 228
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 4, April-2021
ISSN 2229-5518

[14] Zigbee technology, Available on online:

[4] Samira Akhbarifar; Hamid Haj Seyyed Javedi; Amir https://www.digi.com/solution/by-
Masoud Rahmani; Mehdi Hossainzadeh, “A technology/zigbee-wireless-standard.
secure remote health monitoring model for early
disease diagnosis in cloud based IoT [15] Innominds; Available on online:
environment”; Available on: https://www.innominds.com/blog/emergency-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01475-3. healthcare-for-the-elderly-atyour-fingerprints-
with-remote.
[5] Himadri Nath Saha; Supratim Auddy; Subrata Paul;
Shubhamkumar; Shivesh Pandey; Rocky Singh; [16] “Arduino Architecture”; Available on online:
Amrendra Kumar Singh; Priyasha Sharan; https://www.engineersgarage.com
Debmala Ghosh; Sanhita Saha, “Health
monitoring system Using IoT”, 2017, 8th annual [17] B.M Lee: “Design requirements for IoT healthcare
industrial automation electromechanical model using an open IoT Platform”, Vol 4, P. 5,
Engineering conference (IEMECON). 2014.

[6] Aishwarya Misra; Piyush Agnihotri, JK Dwivedi, [18] C. Doukas and I. maglogiannis, “Bringing IoT and
“Advanced IOT based combined remote health cloud computing towards pervasive healthcare; in
monitoring and alarm system” 2018, International innovative mobile and internet services in
Journal of advance research and development ubiquitous computing (IMIS) sixth international
(Volume3, Issue 4); Available on: conference on; IEEE, 2012, PP 922-926.
www.ijarnd.com.

IJSER
[19] “System design”; Available on online:
[7] Freddy Jimnez; Romina Torres, “Building an IoT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/system_design.
aware health monitoring system 2015”; 34th
International conference of Chilean computer [20] A Chehri; H mouthah and h.Jean, “ A smart
science socity. network architecture for e-health applications” in
interactive multimedia system and services,
[8] Purnima Puneet Singh, “Zigbee and WSN based springer Derline Heidelberg, 2010, PP 157-166.
patient health monitoring system”, IEEE
International Conference on Electronics and [21] Mohammed Zadesh; Reza Safdari, “Patient
communication system. monitoring in mobile health; opportunities and
challenges”, vol 65 2014 57-60.
[9] Narasimha Rao Jasti, “IoT based Patient health
monitoring system 2017”. [22] Al-Janabi; Ibrahim al sourbaji, “Survey of main
challenges (Security and privacy) in wireless body
[10] Ananda Mohan Singh; Debasish halder; S K area networks for healthcare applications”,
Alamgir Hossain, “Remote health monitoring Egyptian information journal; 2017; 18(2); P (213-
system through IoT”, 5th international conference 222).
of informatics, electronics and vision (ICIEV)
[23] Jiang Li, “Three challenges to remote patient
[11] Charalampos Doukas, “Building Internet of things monitoring 2018, Available on online:
with Arduino”, Apr 2, 2012; Available on online: https://www.healthcarebusinesstoday.com/three-
https://www.builtingintanetofthings.com/wp- challenges-to-remote-patient-monitoring/
content/upolads/imtroduction.pdf.
 Md. Tanvir Amin is currently pursuing masters degree
program in Information and Communication Technology in
[12] “COVID 19” available on online: Bangladesh University of Professionals, Bangladesh
https://www.who.net/emergency/diseases/novel- E-mail: [email protected]
coronavirus-2019.
 Jarin Sobah Peu is currently pursuing masters degree program
in in Information and Communication Technology in
[13] Ch. 5 Sundeep Kumar Subudhi, Intelligent wireless Bangladesh University of Professionals, Bangladesh
patient monitoring and technology system using E-mail: [email protected]
sensor network and wireless communication;
2014.

IJSER © 2021
http://www.ijser.org
View publication stats