1. How is the fossil in South America related to fossil in Africa?

A. Some remains of fishes are found on both continents.

B. Some remains of Mesosaurus are found on both continents.
C. Both A and B.
D. None of the above
2. In light of the theory of continental drift, which of the following statements best explains why similar
rock formations are found on continents that are now widely separated by oceans?
A. The continents were once connected and have since drifted apart, carrying similar rock formations
with them.
B. The ocean currents transported the rocks to different continents.
C. The rocks formed independently but have similar chemical compositions due to ocean water.
D. The continents have been moving in a circular pattern, causing rocks to travel to different regions.
3. Which of the following geological features is most likely to form as a result of the collision between two
continental plates, according to the theory of continental drift?
A. A volcanic island chain
B. A mid-ocean ridge
C. A mountain range
D. A deep-sea trench
4. Which of the following would be the most important factor in determining whether the theory of
continental drift is considered fully valid in modern science?
A. The alignment of continents in a way that supports the theory.
B. The discovery of new fossils that match across different continents.
C. The development of a plausible and testable mechanism for how continents move.
D. The use of more advanced technology to map the ocean floor.
5. What is a device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound
waves?
A. Stratigraphy
B. Bathymetry
C. Sonar
D. Paleography
6. In what year did the proponent of sea floor spreading examined the maps of the mid-ocean ridge?
A. 1960
B. 1978
C. 1981
D. 1990
7. What is the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor?
A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Seafloor spreading
C. Tectonic plates
D. Continental Drift Theory
8. If seafloor spreading were to stop, what would likely happen to the Earth’s oceans?
A. The oceans would disappear, as the oceanic crust would be destroyed.
B. The oceanic crust would stop being created, and the oceans would slowly shrink.
C. The oceans would expand as the continents move toward each other.
D. The size of the oceans would remain unchanged, as no new crust is needed.
9. Imagine you are a geologist studying the seafloor near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. You find that the oceanic
crust is older as you move away from the ridge. What conclusion can you draw from this observation?
A. Seafloor spreading is occurring, and new crust is being formed at the ridge.
B. The oceanic crust is being destroyed near the ridge, causing older crust to appear further away.
C. The oceanic crust is getting older due to erosion at the ridge.
D. There is no significant tectonic activity in the region, and the crust remains the same age.
10. You are studying the age of the oceanic crust as you move away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The crust
becomes older the further you move from the ridge. How would you analyze this relationship?
A. The increasing age of the crust suggests that the oceanic crust is constantly being recycled at the
ridge.
 B. The age pattern indicates that new oceanic crust is continuously formed at the ridge and moves
outward as part of the seafloor spreading process.
C. The age pattern suggests that seafloor spreading is not happening and that the oceanic crust remains
stationary.
D. The increasing age of the crust is due to the erosion of older seafloor near the ridge.
11. What is the branch of geology that deals with the origin, composition, structure and classification of
rocks?
A. Petrology
B. Stratigraphy
C. Paleontology
D. Bathymetry
A. The rocks were likely formed by deep-sea volcanic eruptions.
12. While hiking, you encounter a series of layered rocks that include a sequence of thin, laminated layers.
Some layers contain visible fossils, while others have fine mud particles. How would you apply your
understanding of sedimentary rock formation to explain the characteristics of these layers?
A. The thin, laminated layers likely formed in a shallow, fast-moving river environment with high
energy, while the fossils suggest a volcanic environment.
B. The laminated layers with fine mud particles likely formed in a calm, deep-water environment, such
as a lake or deep ocean, with minimal disturbance.
C. The visible fossils suggest that the rocks formed in a high-energy environment, where organisms
were rapidly buried.
D. The laminated layers suggest that the rocks were formed by rapid volcanic eruptions, with layers of
ash and lava.
13. Consider two rock layers found in a river valley. Layer 1 is composed of large, angular rocks with little
sorting, and Layer 2 consists of small, rounded pebbles and sand. Which evaluation of the two layers is
most likely correct?
A. Layer 1 was likely deposited by a slow-moving river, while Layer 2 was deposited by a fast-moving
river.
B. Layer 1 formed in a high-energy environment such as a glacial outwash, while Layer 2 formed in a
lower-energy environment like a meandering river.
C. Layer 1 formed in a volcanic eruption, and Layer 2 formed from weathering of igneous rocks.
D. Layer 1 was deposited in a shallow, warm marine environment, while Layer 2 formed in deep ocean
conditions.
14. What is another term for Cenozoic era?
A. Age of Mammals
B. Age of fishes
C. Age of Dinosaurs
D. None of the above
15. What is another term for Mesozoic era?
A. Age of Mammals
B. Age of fishes
C. Age of Dinosaurs
D. None of the above
16. What is another term for Paleozoic era?
A. Age of Mammals
B. Age of fishes
C. Age of Dinosaurs
D. None of the above
17. During which eon did the earliest evidence of life, in the form of microscopic organisms, first appear on
Earth?
A. Hadean
B. Archaean
C. Proterozoic
D. Phanerozoic
18. You are studying a rock formation and notice that it contains fossils from both marine and terrestrial
environments. What could this suggest about the geological history of this area?
A. The area has never been submerged under water.
 B. The area has experienced both marine transgressions and regressions, allowing for the preservation
of both marine and terrestrial fossils.
C. The area has only been above sea level throughout Earth's history.
D. The fossils likely formed from a single catastrophic event.
19. During a field study, you find evidence of a large volcanic eruption that occurred in the Cenozoic Era.
How would you relate this eruption to the broader history of Earth?
A. The eruption marks the end of the Precambrian time, which was dominated by volcanic activity.
B. It suggests that the Earth is currently in an ice age and volcanic eruptions are decreasing.
C. Volcanic eruptions during this time played a role in the formation of the continents and the
atmosphere, particularly in the development of Earth’s modern climate.
D. The eruption is unrelated to Earth's history and represents an isolated event with no significant
impact on geologic time.
20. You are analyzing rock layers from a region that show a sudden mass extinction event in the fossil
record. Based on the evidence, how would you evaluate the possible causes of this event?
A. It was likely caused by a gradual climate change over millions of years.
B. The mass extinction was likely the result of a catastrophic event, such as an asteroid impact or large-
scale volcanic activity.
C. The extinction event was probably caused by the sudden appearance of new species that
outcompeted the existing organisms.
D. It was likely due to the Earth entering a new ice age, slowly freezing out all life.