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CHAPTERWISE GUIDELINES

1. GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

i. GST is calculated on sale price obtained after deducting discount, if any, from the list price.
ii. In case of Intra – State transaction (within the state) rate of GST is equally divided into SGST
rate and CGST rate.
iii. In case of Inter – State transaction, entire GST rate is the IGST rate.
iv. The tax liability on the registered dealer is the tax on profit.

2. SHARES AND DIVIDENDS

i. Face value (FV) will never change.
ii. Income/Dividend/Return/ Profit is all dividend only.
iii. Sales Proceeds will not include dividend unless specified.
iv. Using ROD × F. V. = ROR × M. V. will solve the sum faster
v. When the sum reads “50, ₹500 shares at ₹700” this means F.V. = ₹500, M.V. = ₹700 and
number of shares = 50.

3. BANKING
i. Always convert years to months during calculations.
ii. While writing the final answer for n, always write it in years.
!"("$%)
iii. The qualifying sum for interest calculation is
'

4. LINEAR INEQUATIONS
i. Solution set for natural/ whole/ integers should always be in rooster form, i.e. {−2, −1,0,1}
Number line will only have DARK DOTS OR DARK LOLLIPOP on each number.
ii. Solution set for real numbers and rational numbers should be in set builder form, i.e.
{−2 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄/𝑅}
iii. Dots should be on the extreme values and the region between the extreme values should
be shaded.
iv. In case of a fraction is to be marked then you are expected to mark it approximately on the
number line such that your mark is justified by its value.
v. If 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 or 𝑥 ≥ 𝑎 then the number line will start with DARK DOTS and for 𝑥< 𝑎 or 𝑥 > a
then the number line will start with HOLLOW DOTS.

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5. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND SOLVING PROBLEMS

i. Every rational or irrational number is a real number, but a complex number is not a real
number.
ii. Always show the substitution in the formula and then proceed further.
iii. Do not leave your answer in fractions.
iv. If the number is a perfect square, there will always be a " ± " sign.
v. In word problems you are expected to write the final answer in words.
vi. Round – off to significant places or decimal places as given in the question.
For example; Round off 0.3892 to 2 significant figures à 0.39
Round off 0.3892 to 2 decimal places à 0.39
“0 is not a significant digit if before the decimal”
vii. You are expected to make a rough diagram wherever necessary.
viii. You are expected to write your final answer and BOX it.

6. RATIO AND PROPORTION

i. If proportion must be proven, then always use LHS – RHS method.
ii. Always support your calculations by writing properties of proportion as reasons.
iii. For using 𝑘 method
! #
a. If 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 are in proportion, then " = $ = 𝑘. Therefore 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑘 ; 𝑐 = 𝑑𝑘
! " #
b. If 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 are in continued proportion, then " = # = $ = 𝑘. Therefore
𝑎 = 𝑑𝑘 % ; 𝑏 = 𝑑𝑘 & ; 𝑐 = 𝑑𝑘

7. REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREMS

i. You may use any division method, either long form or Synthetic division.
ii. If you are trying to find the factors then always start with 1, -1, 2, -2,… and so on.
iii. If the question asks you to factorize the equation, then write your answer as the product of
its factors. e.g. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 – 3)

8. MATRICES
i. Order of a matrix = ROWS × COLUMNS
ii. Two matrices can only be added if they have the same order.
iii. Additive inverse of any matrix will be a matrix with same terms having opposite signs so that
the addition of the matrix and its additive inverse is a null matrix.
iv. Two matrices can only be multiplied if and only in number of columns in the first matrix is
equal to number of rows in the second.
𝐀𝐦×𝐧 × 𝐁𝐧×𝐩 = 𝐂𝐦×𝐩

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9. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
i. Identify the first term, the common difference, and the number of terms correctly.
ii. Write the correct formula, then substitute and solve.

10. GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

i. Check for 𝑟 > 1 or 𝑟 < 1 and use formula for 𝑆+ accordingly.
, ,
ii. r = ,! = ,# … …
" !

iii. If 𝐫 = √𝐚 and 𝐚 > 𝟏, then 𝐫 > 𝟏 only. Any square root of a number greater than 0 is
always positive.
iv. Any sequence that is exponential will always be a G.P.

11. REFLECTION
i. Follow the scale if given.
ii. Always plot the points on the graph and circle the points.
iii. Learn to identify the invariant points by looking at the graph.
iv. If asked to identify the figure then name the figure correctly. e.g. Fish, Arrow, Star etc.
are not acceptable. In case of any confusion students may simply write Polygon.
v. A point reflected in X axis will have the same x coordinate and y coordinate will change its
sign.
vi. A point reflected in Y axis will have the same y coordinate and x coordinate will change its
sign.
vii. A point reflected in origin will change its sign for both x coordinate and y coordinate.
viii. If a point is reflected in X axis first and then in Y axis ; then the single transformation will be
reflection in origin.
ix. If a point is reflected in X axis first and then in origin ; then the single transformation will be
reflection in Y axis.
x. If a point is reflected in Y axis first and then in origin ; then the single transformation will be
reflection in X axis.

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12. SECTION AND MID – POINT FORMULA & EQUATION OF A LINE

i. Remember, any point that satisfies the equation of the line, lies on that line.
ii. Inclination of X – axis and every line parallel to X – axis is 0o.
iii. Inclination of Y – axis and every line parallel to Y – axis is 90o.
iv. Co – ordinates to be written in round brackets. Answers to be left in improper form.
v. Slope should be written in fractional form only and not decimal form.
vi. Final answer of the equation should never have fractional values as coefficients of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
vii. For finding the point of intersection of any two lines solve them simultaneously.

13. SIMILARITIES
i. Always prove triangle to be similar by ‘A.A, S.A.S, or S.S.S’ test of similarity.
ii. Then always list out the corresponding sides of the similar triangles and thereafter start
finding the numerical values.
iii. For finding the scale factor, ensure that both the values are in the same units.
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐩
iv. Always find the scale factor as
𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡
𝟏
v. In maps and models 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐩 = 𝐤 × 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡
𝟏
vi. Area on map = × 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚
𝐤𝟐
𝟏
vii. Volume on map = 𝐤 𝟑 × 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞

viii. CONVERSIONS
a. 1m = 100 cm
b. 1 m& = 100 × 100 cm& = 10000 cm&
c. 1m% = 100 × 100 × 100 cm% = 1000000 cm%
d. 1 km = 100000 cm
e. 1m% = 1000 litres

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14. LOCI
i. Locus from a point is a circle.
ii. Locus from 2 points is a perpendicular bisector of the segment obtained after joining these
points.
iii. Locus from a line is always parallel line above and below the given line at the distance
specified.
iv. Locus from two lines having a common vertex is an angle bisector of the angle made by the
two lines.

15. CIRCLES
i. Write correct and full statements for every theorem.
ii. Draw diagrams with pencil wherever necessary.
iii. Always use the names of the points given in the question and never change it.

16. CONSTRUCTIONS
i. Rough diagrams are compulsory and should be shown on the top right corner.
ii. If perpendicular bisectors of angle bisectors must be constructed then they must have solid
line and arrowhead on the ends.
iii. If perpendicular bisectors or angle bisectors are not asked but you need to construct them
then they must be dotted with arrowhead on both sides.
iv. Always write the given measurements and label each line or point in the diagram.

17. CYLINDER, CONE AND SPHERE

i. Take the value of 𝜋 as 22/7 unless other value is specified.
ii. When recasting sums are asked remember that the volumes of both the figures will be the
same.
iii. In recasting sums always use volume formulae side by side to cancel maximum
parameters and then once the equation is in reduced form then substitute the values.
iv. Always draw a rough diagram to understand the sum correctly.

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18. TRIGONOMETRY
i. Always use LHS – RHS method for proving sums.
ii. Solve LHS completely to get RHS or vice – versa.
iii. If the question seems complicated then always convert all the trigonometrical functions into
sin θ and cos θ.
iv. You are expected to write the identity used to solve the problem in brackets alongside.

19. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

i. Always draw a labelled diagram and explain the diagram in simple words.
ii. Remember that the nearer angle is always larger than the farther angle.
iii. Always rationalize the number if there is a square root in denominator and write your answer
up to two decimal places.

20. STATISTICS
i. Graph paper to be used for Histogram and Ogives.
ii. Plot ogives on upper class limits and Cumulative Frequency.
iii. Put a krink mark if the difference between 0 and the first-class interval is not equal to the
class size of every class interval.
iv. Label the X – axis and the Y – axis and write the correct scale.
v. You are expected to mark the point and encircle it before writing the co – ordinates.

21. PROBABILITY
i. Mention the formula of probability.
ii. You are expected to write the sample space only once in a sum.
iii. After finding the probability write down your answer in words.

GENERAL POINTS
i. Rupees should always be written in 2 decimal places
ii. In your answer if the denominator is irrational then rationalize it.
iii. You are expected to box all your answers.
iv. Not writing the final answer in words will lead to deduction of 1 mark.
v. Solve each question on a new page.
vi. Keep your paper neat and your handwriting readable.
vii. Show rough work by making a rough column.
viii. Elimination of necessary rough work or calculations will lead to deduction of marks.
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