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Cambridge IRR Example (CHECKPOINT IRR) Example

The document discusses the rising incidence and mortality rates of cancer globally and nationally, highlighting its causes, consequences, and the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. It emphasizes the significant burden cancer poses on healthcare systems, particularly in aging populations and low- to middle-income countries. The conclusion stresses the importance of early detection and palliative care in cancer control efforts.

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7 views

Cambridge IRR Example (CHECKPOINT IRR) Example

The document discusses the rising incidence and mortality rates of cancer globally and nationally, highlighting its causes, consequences, and the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. It emphasizes the significant burden cancer poses on healthcare systems, particularly in aging populations and low- to middle-income countries. The conclusion stresses the importance of early detection and palliative care in cancer control efforts.

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pranavxx77
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXAM SERIES -MAY 2024

CENTRE NUMBER - IN838


CENTRE NAME - THE INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL, ERODE
SYLLABUS CODE - 1129
CANDIDATE NUMBER - 4050
CANDIDATE NAME - K RANGA KOUSHICK

Can the rise in death from cancer pose a hazard to future generations?

INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a disease where cells grow at a greater speed and spread throughout
the body. Cancer can grow in any part of the human body, which is made of
many billions of cells. Normally, human cells grow together and reproduce, this
results in cell multiplying changes, nutritional troubles, hair fall, many skin rashes
and lack of nail’s nutrition.

CAUSES
Cancer can be caused by a variety of factors, including smoking, alcohol
consumption, obesity, prolonged sun exposure, and recurrent blistering
sunburns. Cancer can be genetic or environmental. Cancer can damage the skin,
bones, blood vessels, muscles, lungs, kidneys, and a variety of other organs,
including the immune system. The most prevalent types of cancer are heart,
lung, large intestine, and anus cancer. Cancer develops when ordinary cells
convert to tumour cells in a multistage process that typically advances from a
modest step to a malignant neoplasm.

CONSEQUENCES
There could be pain, weariness, fatigue, oral difficulties, nausea, and weight loss.
Cancer accounts for a large portion of the worldwide sickness burden. In many
parts of the world, cancer has surpassed cardiovascular disease as the main
cause of death, despite significant advances in both prevention and treatment.
Cancer is most common in the elderly, and as populations age, it will remain a
major worldwide health issue.

“In 2002, the overall number of deaths from lung cancer was 1,179,074, with
848,320 men and 330,752 women. Stomach cancer is now in second place ,
accounting for 699,802 deaths, with 445,691 in men and 254,112 in women.
Liver cancer is now in third place among the other cancers. In 2002, liver cancer
caused 598,412 fatalities (416,926 male and 81,486 female) among women.``
(WHO, 2024).

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
In Africa, there are "an estimated 681,000 cancer cases and 512,000 deaths in
2008." The forthcoming results of 2030 show a staggering increase, with 1.27
million cancer cases and 0.97 million loss due to population growth and ageing
alone. The calculations make no assumptions about incidence rates" (National
Institute of Health, 2023), which may climb as tobacco use spreads and people
embrace a more Westernised lifestyle, while Canada is experiencing a cancer
crisis. Cancer is now the number 1 cause of death in Canada. With the increased
prevalence of cancer, the growing numbers of minorities, and societal injustices
in general, and without proper therapies, cancer care disparities will become
even more pronounced.

NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Despite lower cancer death rates in highly resourceful countries like the United
States, the total consequence of cancer diagnoses and losses worldwide is
predicted to increase quadruple times over the next 20 to 40 years. Cancer is
now the third cause of death in the world, with almost about 12 million new
cases and "7.6 million cancer fatalities predicted worldwide in 2007" (NCI,
National Cancer Institute, 2023). It is estimated that by 2030, there would be "26
million recently developed cancer diagnoses and 17 million cancer fatalities per
year." The estimated rise would be driven mostly by population growth and
ageing, with the biggest impact in low- and middle-income countries" (NCI
National Cancer Institution, 2023). It demonstrates that rising countries will
almost quadruple the number of individuals living to the age of 65 till 2050. The
aforementioned census transition is exacerbated by the persistence of alterable
risk factors, including obesity and smoking, in many low- and middle-income
nations.

SIMILAR PERSPECTIVES
Both the global and national perspectives are similar in that they have higher
mortality rates and various cancer research foundations to support them.
According to the Environment, we should expect more cancer records in the
future.
SOURCE EVALUATION
The article from WHO (2023) titled “global cancer burden growing amidst
mounting needs for service” is a trustable source because it provides reliable
evidence for all the claims it makes. The organisation WHO has written and
published many other trustworthy articles and it is unbiased because it writes
about a variety of topics and shows both sides of the topic but it may exaggerate
things a bit because it may want to make the article more interesting.

The publication from NCI (2023) titled ”Improving the lives of all people through
cancer research” is a trustworthy and unbiased source; it is an official national
organisation and has an institution based on that topic.

NATIONAL COURSE OF ACTION


According to estimates, 70% of cancer cases in India are caused by risk factors
that may be avoided and controlled.
The three most common malignancies in India are breast, cervix, and oral cavity.
Three types of cancers account for 34% of the 1.15 million annual cancer cases,
with significant geographic variation." Around 10 years ago, the primary focus of
the big programs changed to cancer prevention and treatment" (Richardson,
Mary, et al., 2000).India should embrace and connect to specialised treatment
facilities. The 2018 launch of the Ayushman Bharat Programme presents a
chance to rapidly expand and efficiently cover cancer prevention and treatment
strategies in India.

PERSONAL PERSPECTIVES
Age is a widely researched risk variable for cancer, with most malignancies
increasing with age, especially in midlife. Age can estimate intricate biological
mechanisms connected to ageing. However, ageing, the process of growing
older is separate from actual age-related diseases. To avoid cancer, individuals
should take personal safety measures by referring to cancer information and
following rules.

CONCLUSION
A cancer identification and treatment Plan is an essential part of any kind of
cancer control strategy. In order to identify patients earlier, when treatment is
more successful and cure rates are higher, it must be connected to an early
detection program. In order to guarantee that patients with advanced cancer who
are no longer eligible for treatment receive enough respite from their physical,
mental, and spiritual suffering, it should also be used in conjunction with a
palliative care program.

WORD COUNT: 984

REFERENCE

1. “National Cancer Institute (NCI).” National Institutes of Health, U.S.


Department of Health and Human Services, 18 Dec. 2023,
www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-cancer-institute-
nci (Accessed: 21 january 2024)

2. Richardson, Mary, et al. “Complementary/Alternative Medicine Use in a


Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Implications for Oncology.” Journal of
Clinical Oncology, vol. 18, no. 13, July 2000, pp. 2505–14
https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.13.2505. (Accessed: 22 january 2024)

3. Wilkinson, Emma. “Cancer Research UK.” The Lancet Oncology, vol. 3, no. 5,
May 2002, p. 321 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00737-4.
(Accessed: 22 january 2024)

4. World Health Organization:” WHO”, global cancer burden growing amidst


mounting needs for service. (2022, February 3).
Cancer.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer.
(Accessed: 23 january 2024)

5. Pramesh, Priorities for cancer research in low- and middle-income countries:


a global perspective. Nature Medicine, 28(4), 649–657.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01738-x.(Accessed: 22 january 2024)

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