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1. Detroit natives Timothy Paule and Nicole Lindsey have combined their two passions, Detroit and beekeeping, to improve the
health of their city's flowers and other vegetation. In 2017, the couple converted a vacant lot in the city into an ______ in the years
that followed they acquired nine additional lots and established more than 35 hives.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. apiary
B. apiary,
C. apiary and
D. apiary, and

2. It is tempting to glamorize the hunt for dinosaur ______ majority of fieldwork is characterized by a daily routine of heat, insects,
and tedious labor.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. fossils, the
B. fossils the
C. fossils but the
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D. fossils, but the

3. Though Paul Revere is best known today for his "midnight ride" during the American _____ was famous in his own day as a
prosperous silversmith and businessman.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Revolution; he
B. Revolution, but Revere
C. Revolution, he
D. Revolution he

4. Luci Tapahonso is the inaugural poet laureate of the Navajo Nation. Her book Sáanii Dahataal/The Women Are Singing—a
combination of fiction and memoir, poetry and ______ serves as a testament to her versatility as a writer.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. prose—
B. prose
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C. prose,
D. prose;

5. The sandhill ______ to North America, has the longest fossil history of any extant bird at ten million years.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. crane a large bird native

6. Saint Lucia—a sovereign island in the ______ the only country in the world named after a historical woman.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Caribbean, is
B. Caribbean—is
C. Caribbean is
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D. Caribbean; is

7. According to Naomi Nakayama of the University of Edinburgh, the reason seeds from a dying dandelion appear to float in the air
while ______ is that their porous plumes enhance drag, allowing the seeds to stay airborne long enough for the wind to disperse
them throughout the surrounding area.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. falling,
B. falling:
C. falling;
D. falling

8. An element's atomic number is ______ the number of protons in its nucleus, the number electrons in its uncharged state, and
approximately half of its atomic mass.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. equal to:
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B. equal to;
C. equal to,
D. equal to

9. When he returned from the Galapagos islands in 1835, Charles Darwin brought back a young tortoise named ______ would
live over 170 years before passing away at the Australia Zoo in 2006.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Harriet, she
B. Harriet; who
C. Harriet she
D. Harriet; she

10. The field of geological oceanography owes much to American ______ Marie Tharp, a pioneering oceanographic cartographer
whose detailed topographical maps of the ocean floor and its multiple rift valleys helped garner acceptance for the theories of
plate tectonics and continental drift.
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Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. geologist
B. geologist:
C. geologist;
D. geologist,

11. A subseasonal weather forecast attempts to predict weather conditions three to four weeks in ______ its predictions are
therefore more short-term than those of the seasonal forecast, which attempts to predict the weather more than a month in
advance.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. advance and
B. advance;
C. advance,
D. advance
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12. In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo is a leader of Umuofia (a fictional Nigerian clan) and takes pride in
his culture's traditions. However, when the arrival of European missionaries brings changes to Umuofia, the novel asks a central
question: How ______

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. will Umuofia's traditions be affected?

13. In paleontology, the term "Elvis taxon" gets applied to a newly identified living species that was once presumed to be extinct.
Like an Elvis impersonator who might bear a striking resemblance to the late musical icon Elvis Presley himself, an Elvis taxon is
not the real thing, ______ is a misidentified look-alike.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. however, it
B. however it
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C. however but it
D. however. It

14. In 1959, marine biologist Dr. Albert Jones founded the Underwater Adventure Seekers, a scuba diving ______ that is the
oldest club for Black divers in the United States and that has helped thousands of diving enthusiasts become certified in the field.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. club
B. club, and
C. club—
D. club,

15. Emperor Ashoka ruled the Maurya Empire in South Asia from roughly 270 to 232 BCE. He is known for enforcing a moral code
called the Law of Piety, which established the sanctity of animal ______ the just treatment of the elderly, and the abolition of the
slave trade.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. life;
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B. life:
C. life
D. life,

16. In a 2016 study, Eastern Washington University psychologist Amani El-Alayli found that, among the study participants who
experienced frisson (a physiological response akin to goosebumps or getting the chills) while listening to music, there was one
personality trait that they scored particularly ______ openness to experience.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. high on;
B. high on
C. high. On
D. high on:

17. Santa Clara Pueblo artist Roxanne Swentzell's sculpture Mud Woman Rolls On consists of five human figures made of clay and
plant fiber and arranged in descending size; each figure holds the smaller one in front of it. The arrangement of the figures,
according to ______ represents her idea that "we all come from the Earth, generation after generation."
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Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Swentzell,
B. Swentzell:
C. Swentzell
D. Swentzell—

18. In her book The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, author Maxine Hong Kingston examines themes
______ childhood, womanhood, and Chinese American identity by intertwining autobiography and mythology.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. of—
B. of
C. of:
D. of,
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19. In discussing Mary Shelley's 1818 epistolary novel Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs the reader's attention to
the character of Margaret Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the protagonist of Shelley's ______ as the recipient of the
letters that frame the book's narrative, she's the "occasion" of it.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. novel
B. novel,
C. novel; rather,
D. novel, rather,

20. Humans were long thought to have begun occupying the Peruvian settlement of Machu Picchu between 1440 and 1450 CE.
However, a team led by anthropologist Dr. Richard Burger used accelerator mass spectrometry to uncover evidence that it was
occupied ______ 1420 CE, according to Burger, humans were likely inhabiting the area.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. earlier, which in
B. earlier, in
C. earlier. In
D. earlier in
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21. While one requires oxygen and one does ______ and anaerobic respiration are both forms of cellular respiration—that is, they
are processes by which cells break down glucose to use as energy.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. not. Aerobic
B. not; aerobic
C. not aerobic
D. not, aerobic