Using Appropriate Cohesive

Devices in Composing
Various Types of Speech

-Cohesive devices are single words or phrases that hold and connect different parts of
the text or sentence. It helps create a unified idea within a text. Cohesive devices are
like glue
that holds the different part of sentences together.

Do you know a famous bridge in your province? Do you know what is its function? A
bridge is a framework the connects one place to another. Like the bridge, Cohesive
devices
commonly known as transitional words are connectors or liners which put together
words,
clauses, and sentences together to form a unified meaning.

In the illustration above, what does a connector link?

What will be formed when words, phrases, and clause are connected?
What do we call the word, phrases, and clauses that show the connection and relation
between sentences and paragraphs?

-Discussion of Activity 1
Cohesive devices commonly known as Transitional words are words or phrases that
show the relationship between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech.
Transitions are used by the author to help the reader progress from one significant idea
to the next. Also, transitions also show the relationship within a paragraph (or within a
sentence) between the main ideas and the support the author gives for those ideas.
There are many examples of cohesive devices or transitional words, they can be
grouped by category.
-Additive Transitions:
These show addition, introduction, similarity to other ideas

1. To indicate Addition
also, and, moreover, furthermore, moreover, as well as, too, actually,
in addition to this, besides, alternatively, on the other hand, not to
mention this, additionally, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually, not
only but also
2. To signal Introduction
as, such as, particularly, including, for example, for instance, like,
especially, in particular, to illustrate, as an illustration, by way of
example
3. To signal Comparison/
Similarity
similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in a like manner,
equally, likewise,
4. To indicate Reference
speaking about (this), considering (this), regarding (this), with regard
to (this), as for (this), concerning (this),the fact that, on the subject of
(this)
5. To provide Example For example, for instance, similarly, just the same way, to
illustrate,
to be specific, such as, moreover, furthermore

- Opposing Transitions:
These transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction concession, dismissal.

Causal Transitions:
1. To signal Contrast
But, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand,
however, (and) yet, whereas, though (final position), in contrast, when
in fact, conversely, still, in spite, ironically, strangely enough
2. To indicate
Emphasis even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides
3. To signal
Removal/Dismissal
either way, whichever happens, in either event, in any case, at
any rate, in either case, whatever happens, all the same in any event,

-These transitions signal cause/effect and reason/result

1. To signify
Cause/Reason
or the (simple) reason that, being that, for, in view of
(the fact), in as much as, because (of the fact), seeing that, as, owing to
(the fact), due to (the fact that), in that since, forasmuch as,
2. To show
Effect/Result
as a result (of this), consequently, hence, for this reason, thus,
because (of this), in consequence, so that, accordingly, as a
consequence, so much (so) that, so, therefore,
3. To signal Purpose
for the purpose of, in the hope that, for fear that, so that,
with this intention, to the end that, in order to, lest with this in mind, in
order that, so as to, so
4. To indicate
Consequence
under those circumstances, then, in that case, if not, that being the
case, if so, otherwise

Sequential Transitions:
These transitions are used to signal a chronological or logical sequence.

1. To order
Sequence/Order
in the (first, second, etc.) place, initially, to start with, first of
all, thirdly, as soon as, hence, in the end, to begin with, at first, for a
start, secondly, gradually
2. To indicate Time Next, Finally, afterwards, later, lastly, now, then, subsequently,
meanwhile, in the meantime, on the following day
3. To Summarize
as was previously stated, so, consequently, in summary,
all in all, thus, as I have said, to sum up, overall, as has been
mentioned, then, to summarize, to be brief, briefly,
given these points in all, on the whole, therefore, as has been noted, in
conclusion, in a word, to put it briefly, in sum, altogether, in
short,

Types of Cohesive Devices

There are different types of cohesive devices, and each has a specific purpose:

Additive – These are used when adding more information.

Examples: also, in addition, furthermore, moreover
Sentence: I love painting. In addition, I enjoy drawing.
Opposing – These show contrast or differences.

Examples: but, however, on the other hand, although

Sentence: She wanted to play outside. However, it was raining.
Causal – These show cause and effect.

Examples: because, therefore, as a result, consequently

Sentence: He studied well for the exam. As a result, he passed with high marks.
Sequential – These show the order of events or ideas.

Examples: first, next, then, finally, afterwards

Sentence: First, we went to the mall. Then, we watched a movie.

Types of Cohesive Devices

1. Additive – Adding More Information
When we want to add more details or ideas, we use additive cohesive devices. These
words help expand or continue a thought.

✅ Examples: also, in addition, furthermore, moreover

📝 Sentences:

I love painting. In addition, I enjoy drawing.

She speaks English. Moreover, she is learning Spanish.
The movie was entertaining. Also, the soundtrack was amazing.
The teacher explained the lesson clearly. Furthermore, she gave examples.
🔹 Why use it? Additive words make writing more informative by introducing more ideas.

2. Opposing – Showing Contrast or Differences

When we need to show contrast or an opposite idea, we use opposing cohesive
devices.

✅ Examples: but, however, on the other hand, although

📝 Sentences:

She wanted to play outside. However, it was raining.

I like coffee, but my friend prefers tea.
The test was difficult. On the other hand, I studied well and passed.
Although she was tired, she continued working.
🔹 Why use it? Opposing words help compare ideas, showing differences between them.

3. Causal – Showing Cause and Effect

When one action causes another to happen, we use causal cohesive devices. These
words explain why something happened.

✅ Examples: because, therefore, as a result, consequently

📝 Sentences:

He studied well for the exam. As a result, he passed with high marks.
The roads were slippery because it rained all night.
She worked hard. Therefore, she got a promotion.
He forgot to set his alarm. Consequently, he was late for school.
🔹 Why use it? Causal words help explain reasons and outcomes in writing.

4. Sequential – Showing the Order of Events

When we want to show the sequence of actions or steps, we use sequential cohesive
devices.

✅ Examples: first, next, then, finally, afterwards

📝 Sentences:

First, we went to the mall. Then, we watched a movie.

She woke up early. Next, she prepared breakfast.
The chef mixed the ingredients. Afterwards, he placed the cake in the oven.
The event started with a speech. Finally, there was a musical performance.
🔹 Why use it? Sequential words help organize thoughts in a logical order.