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Week-1_GA_Solution_Jan25

The document contains solutions to graded assignments in statistics, focusing on multiple random variables and their probabilities. It includes various problems involving coin tosses, contract assignments, joint distributions, and conditional probabilities, with detailed calculations and explanations. Each section presents a specific scenario, the random variables involved, and the corresponding solutions with mathematical derivations.

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Shobhraj Meena
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views19 pages

Week-1_GA_Solution_Jan25

The document contains solutions to graded assignments in statistics, focusing on multiple random variables and their probabilities. It includes various problems involving coin tosses, contract assignments, joint distributions, and conditional probabilities, with detailed calculations and explanations. Each section presents a specific scenario, the random variables involved, and the corresponding solutions with mathematical derivations.

Uploaded by

Shobhraj Meena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics for Data Science - 2

Week 1 Graded Assignment Solution


Multiple random variables

1. Three fair coins are tossed. If the first head occurs on the first toss, you score 1 point.
If the first head occurs on toss 2 or on toss 3, you score 2 or 3 points, respectively. If
no heads appear, you lose 1 point (that is score −1 point). Let X denote the number
of heads and Y denote the points scored. What is the probability that fewer than three
heads will occur and you will score 1 or less? Write your answer correct to two decimal
places.
Solution:
Given that X denotes the number of heads and Y denotes the point scored.
Clearly, TX = {0, 1, 2, 3} and TY = {−1, 1, 2, 3}.
To find: P (X < 3, Y ≤ 1).

Outcome X Y

HHH 3 1

HHT 2 1

HTH 2 1

THH 2 2

HTT 1 1

THT 1 2

TTH 1 3

TTT 0 −1

The outcomes HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT correspond to the event (X < 3, Y ≤ 1).
Therefore,
P (X < 3, Y ≤ 1) = P ({HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT})
4 1
= =
8 2
2. Contracts for two construction jobs are each assigned uniformly at random to one or
more of three firms, A, B, and C. Let X denote the number of contracts assigned to firm
A and Y the number of contracts assigned to firm B. Find the value of fX|Y =0 (2). Write
your answer correct to two decimal places.
Solution:
Given that X denotes the number of contracts assigned to firm A and Y denotes the
number of contracts assigned to firm B.
Since each job is randomly assigned to one or more of the three firms, probability of
1
assigning one job to any of the three firms is . (Notice that one firm can be assigned
3
either 0 or 1 or 2 jobs).
Clearly, TX = TY = {0, 1, 2} Therefore,
P (X = 2, Y = 0) = P (Both the jobs are assigned to firm A)
1 1 1
= . =
3 3 9
Similarly,
P (X = 1, Y = 0) = P (one job is assigned to firm A and no job is assigned to firm B)
= P (one job is assigned to firm A and other job is assigned to firm C)
 
1 1 2
=2 . =
3 3 9
and
P (X = 0, Y = 0) = P (Both the jobs are assigned to firm C)
1 1 1
= . =
3 3 9
Therefore,
P (Y = 0) = P (X = 0, Y = 0) + P (X = 1, Y = 0) + P (X = 2, Y = 0)
1 2 1
= + +
9 9 9
4
=
9
Now,
P (X = 2, Y = 0)
fX|Y =0 (2) =
P (Y = 0)
1/9
=4
/9
1
=
4

Page 2
3. Joint distribution of two random variables X and Y is given as:

X
0 1
Y
1 1
1
4 8
1
2 k
4
1
3 0
8

Table 1.1.G: Joint distribution of X and Y .

Find the value of fY |X=1 (2).


Solution:
We know that

X
fXY (x, y) = 1
x∈TX ,y∈TY

1 1 1 1
⇒ + + +k+0+ =1
4 8 4 8
3 1
⇒k = 1 − =
4 4
Now,

fXY (1, 2)
fY |X=1 (2) =
fX (1)
fXY (1, 2)
=
fXY (1, 1) + fXY (1, 2) + fXY (1, 3)

1
4
= 1 1 1
8
+ + 4 8

1
4 1
= 1 =
2
2

4. Customers at a fast-food restaurant buy both sandwiches and drinks. The following
joint distribution summarizes the numbers of sandwiches (X) and drinks (Y ) purchased
by customers.

Page 3
X
1 2
Y

1 0.4 0.2

2 0.1 0.25

3 0 0.05

Table 1.2.G: Joint distribution of X and Y .

Find the probability that a customer will buy two sandwiches given that he has bought
three drinks.
Solution:
X denotes the number of sandwiches purchased by a customer and Y denotes the num-
ber of drinks purchased by a customer.
To find: fX|Y =3 (2)

Now,
fXY (2, 3)
fX|Y =3 (2) = =
fY (3)
fXY (2, 3)
=
fXY (1, 3) + fXY (2, 3)

0.05
=
0 + 0.05
=1

5. Akshat draws a card randomly from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. If the drawn card
is a face card, then he draws two balls randomly from bag A which contains k Red, k + 1
Black and 14 − 2k Green balls. If the drawn card is not a face card, then he draws three
balls randomly from bag B which contains t Red, t + 2 Black and 18 − 2t Green balls.
Let two random variables X and Y are defined as:
(
0 if the drawn card is a face card
X=
1 if the drawn card is not a face card

and Y be the number of Red balls drawn. Find the value of fY (1). Write your answer
correct up to two decimal places.

Parameters: k = 4, 5, 6
t = 6, 7, 8

Page 4
k(15 − k) t(20 − t)(19 − t)
Answer: +
455 2964
Solution:
Akshat draws a card randomly from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. Random variable
X is defined as (
0 if the drawn card is a face card
X=
1 if the drawn card is not a face card
If the drawn card is a face card, then he draws two balls randomly from bag A which
contains k Red, k + 1 Black and 14 − 2k Green balls. If the drawn card is not a face
card, then he draws three balls randomly from bag B which contains t Red, t + 2 Black
and 18 − 2t Green balls. Random variable Y is the number of Red balls drawn.
To find: fY (1)
We know that
fY (1) = fXY (0, 1) + fXY (1, 1)
= fY |X=0 (1).fX (0) + fY |X=1 (1).fX (1)
k
C1 15−k C1 12 t C1 20−t C2 40
= 15 C
. + 20 .
2 52 C3 52
k(15 − k) t(20 − t)(19 − t)
= +
455 2964

6. Which of the following options is/are always correct?


(a) fXY Z (x, y, z) = fX|(Y =y,Z=z) (x).fY Z (y, z)
(b) fXY Z (x, y, z) = fX|(Y =y,Z=z) (x).fX (x)
P
(c) fX (x) = fXY (x, y) where RY is the range of Y .
y∈RY

(d) fXY (x, y) = fX (x).fY (y)


Solution:
fXY Z (x, y, z)
We know that fX|(Y =y,Z=z) (x) =
fY Z (y, z)
⇒ fXY Z (x, y, z) = fX|(Y =y,Z=z) (x).fY Z (y, z)
Hence, option (a) is correct and option (b) is incorrect.

We know Pby the definition of marginal pmf that


fX (x) = fXY (x, y) where RY is the range of Y .
y∈RY

Hence, option (c) is correct.

fXY (x, y) = fX (x).fY (y) is true only when X and Y are independent. Therefore, option
(d) need not to be always true.

Page 5
7. Two random variables X and Y are jointly distributed with joint pmf
fXY (x, y) = a(bx + y),
where x and y are integers in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 3 such that P (X ≥ 1, Y ≤ 2) = 47 .
Find the value of fXY (x, y). [2 marks]

Parameters: integers in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 3


1
Answer: 42 (2x + y)
Solution:

We know that
X
fXY (x, y) = 1
x∈TX ,y∈TY

⇒fXY (0, 0) + fXY (0, 1) + fXY (0, 2) + fXY (0, 3) + fXY (1, 0) + fXY (1, 1) + fXY (1, 2)
+ fXY (1, 3) + fXY (2, 0) + fXY (2, 1) + fXY (2, 2) + fXY (2, 3) = 1

⇒a + 2a + 3a + ab + (ab + a) + (ab + 2a) + (ab + 3a)+


(2ab) + (2ab + a) + (2ab + 2a) + (2ab + 3a) = 1
⇒18a + 12ab = 1 ...(1)

Now, using the given condition,


4
P (X ≥ 1, Y ≤ 2) =
7
⇒P (X = 1, Y = 0) + P (X = 1, Y = 1) + P (X = 1, Y = 2) + P (X = 2, Y = 0)+
4
P (X = 2, Y = 1) + P (X = 2, Y = 2) =
7
4
⇒ab + ab + a + ab + 2a + 2ab + 2ab + a + 2ab + 2a =
7
4
⇒6a + 9ab = ....(2)
7
Solving equation (1) and (2), we get
1 1
ab = and a =
21 42
It implies that
1
a= and b = 2
42
Therefore, the joint pmf of X and Y will be
1
fXY (x, y) = (2x + y)
42
1 5
Now, fXY (2, 1) = 42
(4 + 1) = 42
.

Page 6
8. A fair coin is tossed 4 times. Let X be the total number of heads and Y be the number
of heads before the first tail (If there is no tail in all the four tosses, then Y = 4). What
is the value of fY |X=2 (0)? [2 marks]
5
(a)
16
1
(b)
8
9
(c)
16
1
(d)
2
Parameter: k = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
k−2
Answer:
k
Solution:
A fair coin is tossed k times. X denotes the number of heads and Y denotes the number
of heads before first tail (If there is no tail in all the k tosses, then Y = k). Clearly,
X ∼ Binomial(k, 21 ).

Now,

fXY (2, 0)
fY |X=2 (0) =
fX (2)
fX|Y =0 (2).fY (0)
= ..(1)
fX (2)

Now, event Y = 0 shows that there is no head before first tail that is first outcome is
tail.
It implies that fY (0) = 21

fX|Y =0 (2) = P (two heads in the next k − 1 tosses)


 k−1
k−1 1
= C2
2

And k
fX (2) = k C2 12
Putting the values in the equation (1), we get

Page 7
1 k
k−1

C2 2
fY |X=2 (0) =
1 k

kC
2 2
k−2
=
k

9. From a group of k members of party A, k − 1 members of party B, and k − 2 member


of party C, a committee of two people is to be selected uniformly at random. Let X
denote the number of party A members and Y denote the number of party B members
on the committee. Find the value of fXY (1, 1).

Parameter: k = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
2k
Answer:
9k − 12
Solution:
Given that X denotes the number of party A members in selected two member’s commit-
tee and Y denotes the number of party B members in selected two member’s committee.

To find: fXY (1, 1)

fXY (1, 1) = P (X = 1, Y = 1)
3
C 1 .2 C 1
= 6
C2
3×2
=
15
= 0.4

10. A fair coin is tossed k times, and the number of heads, N , is counted. The coin is then
tossed N more times. Find the probability that heads will appear for a total of four
times in this process. Write your answer correct to two decimal places.

Parameter:k =4, 5, 6, 7, 8 
1 k(k − 1) k(k − 1)(k − 2) k(k − 1)(k − 2)(k − 3)
Answer: k+2 + +
2 2 4 96
Solution:
Given that N denotes the number of heads in five tosses of a coin.
Clearly, N ∼ Binomial(k, 1/2).

Page 8
Let X denotes the number of heads in N tosses.
Then, X|(N = n) ∼ Binomial(n, 1/2)

Heads will appear a total of four times if (N = 2, X = 2), (N = 3, X = 1), (N = 4, X =


0).

It implies that
P (Total four heads will appear) = P (N = 2, X = 2) + P (N = 3, X = 1) + P (N = 4, X = 0)
= P (N = 2).P (X = 2|N = 2) + P (N = 3).P (X = 1|N = 3)
+ P (N = 4).P (X = 0|N = 4)
        
5 1 2 1 5 1 3 1 5 1 4 1
= C2 5 C2 2 + C3 5 C1 3 + C4 5 C0 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
10 30 5
= 7 + 8 + 9
2 2 2
1
= 7 [10 + 15 + 1.25]
2
= 0.20

11. Suppose a fair six sided die is rolled five times independently. Let X denote the number
of times a 1 is obtained and let Y denote the number of times a 6 is obtained. Find
Pr(X = 1, Y = 1). Enter the answer correct to three decimal places.
Answer: 0.164
Solution:
Probability of getting a 1, p1 = 16 .
Probability of getting a 6, p6 = 16 .
Probability of getting any other number (2, 3, 4, or 5), pother = 46 = 23 .

To compute the joint probability Pr(X = 1, Y = 1), we need exactly one 1 and one 6 in
the five rolls.

    3
5 1 4 1 2
P r(X = 1, Y = 1) = C1 C1
6 6 3
   
5 4 8
=
6 6 27
 
160
=
972
= 0.164

12. Let random variables X and Y be uniformly distributed over the set of integers x and y
satisfying
−1 ≤ y ≤ 1, − 2 ≤ x + y ≤ 2.

Page 9
(i) Find the marginal PMF of X.
Solution:
Since, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 and −2 ≤ x + y ≤ 2 =⇒ x ≤ 2 − y and x ≥ −2 − y
For y : −1, x : −1, 0, 1, 2, 3
For y : 0, x : −2, −1, 0, 1, 2
For y : 1, x : −3, −2, −1, 0, 1
So, Tx = {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}

y\x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 fY (y)
1 1 1 1 1 5
-1 0 0
15 15 15 15 15 15
1 1 1 1 1 5
0 0 0
15 15 15 15 15 15
1 1 1 1 1 5
1 0 0
15 15 15 15 15 15
1 2 3 3 3 2 1
fX (x)
15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Table 1: Joint probability distribution table


 1/15, if x = −3, 3

2/15, if x = −2, 2
f (x) =


 3/15, if x = −1, 0, 1

0, otherwise
(ii) Find the marginal PMF of Y .
Solution:
Since, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 =⇒ Ty = {−1, 0, 1}
(
1/3, if y = −1, 0, 1
f (y) =
0, otherwise

13. The joint PMF of two discrete random variables X and Y is given by:

 1 (3x + y), x, y ∈ {0, 1, 2},
fXY (x, y) = 36
0, otherwise.

What is the value of P (0 < X < 2 | X > 1)?


Answer: 0.30 to 0.36
Solution:
Since X and Y are discrete random variables:
P (0 < X < 2, Y > 1)
P (0 < X < 2 | Y > 1) =
P (Y > 1)
P (X = 1, Y = 2)
=
P (Y = 2)

Page 10
Now,
2
X
P (Y = 2) = fY (2) = fXY (x, 2)
x=0
5
=
12

1
P (X = 1, Y = 2) = fXY (1, 2) = (3 · 1 + 2)
36
5
=
36
Therefore,
5
1
P (0 < X < 2 | Y > 1) = 36 = = 0.33
5 3
12
14. A fair coin is tossed three times. Let X denote the number of heads obtained, and let
Y be defined as:


 0, if no heads are obtained,

1, if the first head appears on the first toss,
Y =


 2, if the first head appears on the second toss,

3, if the first head appears on the third toss.

Choose the correct joint PMF of X and Y .

Solution: Given:
X is the total number of heads obtained in three tosses of a fair coin and


 0, if no heads are obtained,

1, if the first head appears on the first toss,
Y =


 2, if the first head appears on the second toss,

3, if the first head appears on the third toss.

Step-by-Step Calculation of Joint Probabilities:


1. P (X = 0, Y = 0):
1
P (X = 0, Y = 0) = P (TTT) = .
8
2. P (X = 1, Y = 1):
1
P (X = 1, Y = 1) = P (HTT) = .
8

Page 11
3. P (X = 1, Y = 2):
1
P (X = 1, Y = 2) = P (THT) = .
8
4. P (X = 1, Y = 3):
1
P (X = 1, Y = 3) = P (TTH) = .
8
5. P (X = 2, Y = 1):
1 1 1
P (X = 2, Y = 1) = P (HHT or HTH) = + = .
8 8 4

6. P (X = 2, Y = 2):
1
P (X = 2, Y = 2) = P (THH) = .
8
7. P (X = 3, Y = 1):
1
P (X = 3, Y = 1) = P (HHH) = .
8
Joint PMF Table:
The joint PMF of X and Y is given in the following table:

X
0 1 2 3
Y

1
0 0 0 0
8

1 1 1
1 0
8 4 8

1 1
2 0 0
8 8

1
3 0 0 0
8

15. In a classroom, there are three boxes labeled Box 1, Box 2, and Box 3. A teacher places
three candies into these boxes, with each candy independently and uniformly likely to
go into any box. Let Xi represent the number of candies in Box i (i = 1, 2, 3), and let
N denote the number of boxes occupied (contain at least one candy).

(i). Obtain the joint distribution of (X1 , N ).

Page 12
N
1 2 3
X1

2 6
0 0
27 27

2 6
1 0
(a) 27 27

6
2 0 0
27

1 4
3 0
27 27

N
1 2 3
X1

2 6
0 0
27 27

6 6
1 0
(b) 27 27

6
2 0 0
27

1
3 0 0
27

Page 13
N
1 2 3
X1

2 5
0 0
27 27

6 5
1 0
(c) 27 27

8
2 0 0
27

1
3 0 0
27

N
1 2 3
X1

2 6
0 0
27 27

6 5
1 0
(d) 27 27

7
2 0 0
27

1
3 0 0
27

Answer : b
Solution :
In this we have to obtain the joint distribution of (X1 , N ) where X1 represents
number of candies in Box 1 i.e X1 can take values 0,1,2,3 and N denotes the
number of boxes occupied i.e N can take values 1,2,3 as there are three boxes.
Now, we will calculate the probabilities for each cases:
Here, Total outcome = 33 = 27
(a) P (X1 = 0, N = 1) : This is the case when there is 0 candy in Box 1 and only
1 box is occupied, so the 3 candies can be filled in either of the 2 boxes, which

Page 14
means that there are 2 choices to fill all the three candies.
2
= .
27
(b) P (X1 = 0, N = 2) : This is the case when there is 0 candy in Box 1 and 2
boxes are occupied , so the 3 candies are to be splitted to be filled in box 2 and
box 3. So, we can have 2 cases that are:

• (0,1,2) : We choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 3, and the remaining


1 candy must go into Box 2
Ways to choose 2 candies = 3 C2 = 3
• (0,2,1) : Similarly, we choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 2, and the
remaining 1 candy must go into Box 3.
The number of ways to do this is = 3 C2 = 3
6
Total ways = 3+3 = 6, Hence the probability is : =
27
(c) P (X1 = 0, N = 3): Here, as N = 3 which is denoting that all the 3 boxes are
filled but X1 = 0 that is Box 1 is empty. Hence the probability is 0.

Similarly we will calculate for all the cases:


(d) P (X1 = 1, N = 1): In this case all the candies should be in 1 box as only 1 Box
is being occupied but in Box 1 inly 1 candy is there. Hence the probability is
0.
(e) P (X1 = 1, N = 2): In this, 1 candy is in box 1 and the remaining 2 candies
6
can either be filled in Box 2 or Box 3 as 2 boxes are to be occupied =
27
(f) P (X1 = 1, N = 3): Here, all the 3 candies should be in each of the 3 boxes as
6
all the boxes are to occupied by the candies =
27
(g) P (X1 = 2, N = 1) : In this case all the candies should be in 1 box as only 1 Box
is being occupied but in Box 1 inly 2 candies are there. Hence the probability
is 0.
(h) P (X1 = 2, N = 2): Here, Box 1 is being filled with 2 candies and in total 2
boxes are to be occupied. So, the remaining 1 candy are to be filled in either
6
of the 2 boxes =
27
(i) P (X1 = 2, N = 3) : In this case, Box 1 is being filled with 2 candies but all
the 3 boxes should be occupied which can’t be possible. Hence the probability
is 0.
(j) P (X1 = 3, N = 1): Here, Box 1 is containing 3 candies and in total 1 box is
1
being occupied =
27
(k) P (X1 = 3, N = 2): Here, Box 1 is containing 3 candies but 2 boxes are to be
occupied which is not possible. Hence the probability is 0.

Page 15
(l) P (X1 = 3, N = 3): Here, Box 1 is containing 3 candies but 3 boxes are to be
occupied which is not possible. Hence the probability is 0.
Hence option b) is the correct answer.

Page 16
(ii). Obtain the joint distribution of (X1 , X2 ).

X2
0 1 2 3
X1

1 3 3 1
0
27 27 27 27

3 6 3
1 0
(a) 27 27 27

3 3
2 0 0
27 27

1
3 0 0 0
27

X1
0 1 2 3
X2

1 3 3 1
0
27 27 27 27

3 3 6
1 0
(b) 27 27 27

3 3
2 0 0
27 27

1
3 0 0 0
27

Page 17
X2
0 1 2 3
X1

1 3 3
0 0
27 27 27

3 6 3 1
1
(c) 27 27 27 27

3 3
2 0 0
27 27

1
3 0 0 0
27

(d) Insufficient information.


Answer : a
Solution :
Here, X1 represents number of candies in Box 1 and X2 represents number of can-
dies in Box 2. So both the variable can take values 0, 1, 2, 3 . The total number of
outcomes is equal to 27. Now the different cases and their probabilities are :

(a) P (X1 = 0, X2 = 0) : In this case, there are 0 candy in both Box 1 and 2. So
there is only one 1 possible way that the 3 candies can be filled in box 3.
1
=
27
(b) P (X1 = 0, X2 = 1) : In this case, there are 0 candies in Box 1 and 1 candy in
Box 2. So we have to choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 3.
Number of ways to do this = 3 C2 = 3
3
hence, the probability =
27
(c) P (X1 = 0, X2 = 2) :In this case, there are 0 candies in Box 1 and 2 candy
in Box 2. So we have to choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 2 and the
remaining candy will be in Box 3
Number of ways to do this = 3 C2 = 3
3
hence, the probability =
27
(d) P (X1 = 0, X2 = 3) :In this case, there are 0 candies in Box 1 and 3 candy in
Box 2. So there is only one 1 possible way that the 3 candies can be filled in
box 2.
1
=
27

Page 18
Similarly we will do for all the cases :
(a) P (X1 = 1, X2 = 0) :In this case, there is 1 candy in Box 1 and 0 candies in
3
Box 2. That means remaining 2 candies should go in Box 3 =
27
(b) P (X1 = 1, X2 = 1) :In this case, there is 1 candy in both Box 1 and 2. That
6
means remaining 1 candy should go in Box 3 =
27
(c) P (X1 = 1, X2 = 2) :In this case, there is 1 candy in Box 1 and 2 candy in Box
3
2. So we have to choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 2 =
27
(d) P (X1 = 1, X2 = 3): In this case, there is 1 candy in Box 1 and 3 candies in Box
2 making the total number of balls 4, which is wrong. hence the probability
will be = 0
(e) P (X1 = 2, X2 = 0): In this case, there are 2 candies in Box 1 and 0 candies
in Box 2. So we have to choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 1 and the
3
remaining candy will be in Box 3 =
27
(f) P (X1 = 2, X2 = 1): In this case, there are 2 candies in Box 1 and 1 candy in
3
Box 2. So we have to choose 2 out of 3 candies to go into Box 1 =
27
(g) P (X1 = 2, X2 = 2): In this case, there are 2 candies in both Box 1 and 2
making the total number of balls 4, which is wrong. hence the probability will
be = 0
(h) P (X1 = 2, X2 = 3): In this case, there are 2 candies in Box 1 and 3 candies in
Box 2 making the total number of balls 5, which is wrong. Hence the probability
will be= 0
(i) P (X1 = 3, X2 = 0):In this case, there are 3 candies in Box 1 and 0 candies in
Box 2. So there is only one 1 possible way that the 3 candies can be filled in
1
box 1 =
27
(j) P (X1 = 3, X2 = 1):In this case, there are 3 candies in Box 1 and 1 candy in Box
2 making the total number of balls 4, which is wrong. hence the probability
will be = 0
(k) P (X1 = 3, X2 = 2): In this case, there are 3 candies in Box 1 and 2 candies in
Box 2 making the total number of balls 5, which is wrong. hence the probability
will be = 0
(l) P (X1 = 3, X2 = 3): In this case, there are 3 candies in both Box 1 and 2
making the total number of balls 6, which is wrong. hence the probability will
be = 0
Hence option a) is the correct answer.

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