Question Answer Mark

Number
1 (a) (i) Mean t = 2.33 s (1) 1

Example of calculation

Mean t = (2.37 + 2.33 + 2.36 + 2.29 + 2.32) s / 5 = 2.33 s

1 (a) (ii) ½ range used (0.04 s) (1)

%U in mean t = 1.7 % [e.c.f. 1(a)(i)] [Accept 1.72%, 2%] (1) 2

[If whole range used only MP2 can be awarded]

Example of calculation

½ range for t = (2.37  2.29) s / 2 = 0.04 s

%U for t = 0.04 s  100 / 2.33 s = 1.7%

1 (b) (i) The resolution of the rule is 1 mm (1)

The measurements are subtracted so the (absolute) uncertainties
are added (1) 2

1 (b) (ii) g = 9.7 m sAccept 9.71 m s (1) 1

[Allow e.c.f. from 1(a)(i)]

Example of calculation

14 × (0.800 m)2
g= = 9.7 m s2
5 × (2.33 s)2 ×3.4×10−2 m

1 (b) (iii) Calculation of %U in s and ∆h shown (1)

Doubles %U in t and s shown (1)
%U in g = 9.6 % [Accept 10%] (1) 3

[Allow ecf from 1(a) (ii)]

Example of calculation

%U in s = 0.001 m  100 / 0.8 m = 0.125 %

%U in ∆h = 0.2 cm  100 / 3.4 cm = 5.88 %
%U in g = (2  1.72) + (2  0.125) + 5.88
= 3.44 + 0.25 + 5.88 = 9.57 = 9.6 %

1 (b) (iv) Correct calculation of upper limit and/or lower limit shown (1)
[Allow ecf from 1(b) (ii) and 1(b) (iii)]
Valid comment comparing accepted value of g and upper/lower
limit (1)

[MP2 dependent on MP1]

Example of calculation

Upper limit = 9.7 m s2  1.096 = 10.6 m s2

The accepted value of g is within the range therefore the value is

accurate.
 Or

Correct calculation of %D shown [Allow ecf from 1(b) (ii) and 1(b) (1)
(iii)]
Valid comment comparing %D with %U (1) 2

[MP2 dependent on MP1]

Example of calculation

(9.81 −9.7) m s−2

%D = × 100 % = 1.1 %
9.81 m s−2

%D is less than %U so value is accurate

1 (c) Max 2

Light gates will eliminate (human) reaction time (1)

So percentage uncertainty (in t) is reduced [MP2 dependent on (1)

MP1]

Light gates are difficult to use with small objects. [Accept sensible
suggestion relating to not measuring from centre of mass] (1)

Percentage uncertainty in ∆h is more significant (in the

calculation) so improvement will be small (1) 2

Total for question 1 13

Question Mark
Number
2a Micrometer screw gauge Or digital (vernier) calipers with (1)
resolution 0.01 mm
Percentage uncertainty is 1 % which is small (1) 2

2b Distance between the source and Geiger-Muller tube (1) 1

2c Subtract the background count (rate) from measured count (rate) (1)

Record the counts for a long period of time Or repeat and calculate
a mean (1) 2

2d Any one from:

Minimise time of use

Store in a lead-lined box
Do not point source towards the body
Use forceps/tongs to handle the source (1) 1

[Do not accept comments related to protective clothing or goggles]

Total for question 2 6

Question Answer Mark
Number
3 (a) Manipulation of formula to give C = 2W / V 2 Or C/2 = W / V 2 (1)
Or states W / V 2 is constant
Three values calculated correctly (1)
Comment consistent with calculated values (1) 3

Example of calculation
2  8.47  103 J / (6.0 V)2 = 4.71  104
2  4.76  103 J / (4.5 V)2 = 4.70  104
2  2.11  103 J / (3.0 V)2 = 4.69  104

3(b)(i) Time taken for charge/potential difference to fall to 1/e Or 37 %

of initial value (1)

Or

Time taken for charge/potential difference to fall by (1  1/e) Or

63% of initial value (1) 1

3 (b)(ii) Use graph to determine time constant Or t½ Or coordinates of two (1)

points
R = 200 kllow e.c.f from 3(a)] (1) 2

Example of calculation
95 s
R= = 202  10
4.7 ×10−4 F

Total for question 3 6

 Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a)(i) Light intensity varies with distance (as an inverse square law) (1)
e.g. As distance increases, light intensity decreases

Or

(So that) the intensity of light at the meter/measured remains constant

(1) 1

4(a)(ii) Background light (1) 1

4(b)(i) log(I) =nlog(cos) + log(k) is in the form y = mx + c (1)

Where gradient = n (which is constant) (1) 3

4(b)(ii) log I values correct to 3 or 4 sig figs (Accept ln for log) (1)
log(cos) values correct to 3 or 4 sig figs (Accept ln for log) (1)
Axes labelled – y as log(I/lux) and x as log(cos) (Accept ln for log) (1)
(1)
Suitable scales
(1)
Plots accurate to ± 1mm
(1) 6
Line of best fit extending to y-axis

4(b)(iii) Correct calculation of gradient shown using large triangle (1)

Correct n based on line drawn to 2 or 3 sig figs with no unit (1)

Or

Correct calculation of n from value of intercept and point from line over
half way shown
(1)
Correct n to 2 or 3 sig figs, positive with no unit
(1) 2
4(b)(iv) Use of y-intercept to determine log(k) shown (1)
Correct k to 2 or 3 sig figs, positive, (unit of lux) (1)

Or

Correct calculation using pair of values from best fit line and value of n
(1)
shown (e.c.f from (b)(iii))
(1) 2
Correct k to 2 or 3 sig figs, positive, (unit of lux)

Example of calculation
Log(k) = log(I) – n log(cos) = 2.4 + (1.4 × −0.2) = 2.68
k = 102.68 = 479 (lux)
Total for Question 4 15
Log Values (3 sf, 4 sf)

/ I / lux cos Log(I / lux) Log (cos) Log(I / lux) Log (cos)
30 398 0.866 2.60 −0.0625 2.600 −0.06248
40 330 0.766 2.52 −0.116 2.519 −0.1158
50 256 0.643 2.41 −0.192 2.408 −0.1918
60 172 0.500 2.24 −0.301 2.236 −0.3010
70 105 0.342 2.02 −0.466 2.021 −0.4660
80 40 0.174 1.60 −0.759 1.602 −0.7595
Ln Values (3 sf, 4 sf)

/ I / lux cos Ln(I / lux) Ln (cos) Ln(I / lux) Ln (cos)

30 398 0.866 5.99 −0.144 5.986 −0.1439
40 330 0.766 5.80 −0.267 5.799 −0.2666
50 256 0.643 5.55 −0.442 5.545 −0.4416
60 172 0.500 5.15 −0.693 5.147 −0.6931
70 105 0.342 4.65 −1.07 4.653 −1.073
80 40 0.174 3.69 −1.75 3.689 −1.749