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Chapter 8 discusses the interaction between humans and the environment in the tropical and subtropical regions, focusing on the Amazon Basin and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin. The Amazon Basin is characterized by a hot, wet climate and dense rainforests, where slash and burn agriculture is practiced, leading to environmental degradation. In contrast, the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin features varied topography, agriculture as the main occupation, and significant urban development, with a rich diversity of wildlife and well-developed transport systems.

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selfstudys_com_file (3)

Chapter 8 discusses the interaction between humans and the environment in the tropical and subtropical regions, focusing on the Amazon Basin and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin. The Amazon Basin is characterized by a hot, wet climate and dense rainforests, where slash and burn agriculture is practiced, leading to environmental degradation. In contrast, the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin features varied topography, agriculture as the main occupation, and significant urban development, with a rich diversity of wildlife and well-developed transport systems.

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Chapter – 8 Geography

Human Enironment Interaction: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region

• Human beings interact with environment and are dependent on it for a number of things.
• Life in the Amazon Basin:
(i) Amazon river was discovered by a Spanish explorer, Vicente Yanez Pinzon.
(ii) The Amazon basin lies in the tropical region close to the equator between 10° N and
10°S , and the river Amazon flows through this region.
(iii) The Amazon river basin drains portions of Brazil, parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador,
Columbia and a small part of Venezuela.
• Climate:
(i) The Amazon basin stretches directly on the equator and its characterized by hot and
west climate throughout the year.
(ii) There is heavy rainfall and high humidity.
• Rainforest:
(i) As it rains heavily, thick forests grow in this region.
(ii) The forests are in fact so thick that the dense roof created by leaves and branches do
not allow the sunlight to reach the ground.
(iii) The rainforest is rich in fauna.
(iv) The basin is home to thousands of species of insects.
• People of the Rainforests:
(i) People grow most of the their food in small areas after clearing some trees in the
forest.
(ii) Slash and burn agriculture is prevalent.
(iii) The development activities are leading to gradual destruction of the biologically
diverse rainforest.
• Life in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin:
(i) The tributaries of rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra together form the Ganga-
Brahmaputra basin in the Indian subcontinent.
(ii) The plains of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, the mountains and foothills of the
Himalayas and the Sunderbans delta are the main features of this region.
(iii) The basin area has varied topography. The mountain areas with steep slopes have
inhospitable terrain.
(iv) Agriculture is the main occupation of the people where flat land is available to grow
new crops.
(v) Wheat, maize sorghum, gram and millets are the important crops of the region.
(vi) The vegetation cover of the area varies according to the type of landforms.
(vii) There is a variety of wildlife in the basin. In the delta areas, Bengal tiger, crocodiles
and alligators are found.
(viii) Fish and rice is the staple diet of the people.
(ix) The Ganga-Brahmaputra plain has several big towns and cities like Allahabad, Kanpur,
Varanasi and Lucknow.
(x) All the four means of transport are well-developed in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
(xi) Tourism is an important activity of the region.

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