QUARTER 1

Creative Writing
POETRY
“literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative KIND OF STANZA
awareness of experience or a specific emotional Couplet 2-line stanza
response through language chosen and arranged for Tercet 3-line stanza
its meaning, sound, and rhythm” Quatrain 4-line stanza
Quintet 5-line stanza
Characteristics of Poetry Sestet 6-line stanza
Septet 7-line stanza
Concise and evocative language Octave 8-line stanza
Poetry condenses meaning into powerful phrases by
carefully selecting words for sound, imagery, and Syllable
emotional impact. “a single unit of sound in a word”
The emphasis is more on the sound it produces rather
Figurative language than how many letters are in it, or how long is the
Figurative language such as similes, metaphors, word that carries it/them.
personification, and symbolism enhance poetry by
creating vivid imagery and evoking emotions beyond Rhythm
literal meanings. “basic beat in a line of a poem”
It refers to the pattern, sound and flow of words in a
Imagery poem. It contributes to the musicality, or beat of a
Poetry uses vivid descriptions to engage the reader's poem. It is the unit of stressed and unstressed
senses and immerse them in the poem's world. syllables.

Sound devices Types of Rhyme

Poetry utilizes sound devices such as rhyme, rhythm, 1. End Rhyme - “has same or similar sounds at the end
meter, alliteration, and assonance to enhance the
of words that finish different lines”
musicality and flow of language, adding emphasis and
mood to the poem. Keep your whiskers crisp and clean,
Do not let the mice grow lean.
Emotional impact Hector the Collector
Poetry aims to evoke various emotions like joy, Collected bits of string.
sadness, anger, or wonder through language, creating Collected dolls with broken heads
a response in the reader. And rusty bells that would not ring.
“The King of Cats Sends a Postcard to His Wife”
Structure By Nancy Willard
Poems often follow specific forms with rhyme
schemes, stanzas, and meter patterns. 2. Internal Rhyme - “has same or similar sounds at the
end of words within a line”
Dense meaning
Poems convey deep meaning in a compact form, When they said the time to hide is mine.
encouraging different interpretations and insights with “The Rabbit” by Elizabeth Maddox Roberts
each reading.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered and
ELEMENTS OF POETRY weary.
“The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
Poetic Line or Line
It is a group of words that form a single line of poetry. Rhyme Scheme
Ex: first poetic line of literary work “the pattern established by the arrangement of
rhymes in a stanza or poem which is generally
Stanza described using letters of the alphabet to denote the
A section of a poem named for the number of lines it recurrence of rhyming lines”
contains. It focuses on how the syllables sound rather than
Up from the meadows rich with corn, counting the number of weak or strong ones.
Clear in the cool September morn,
“Barbara Frietchie” by John Greenleaf Wittier
 QUARTER 1
Creative Writing

EXAMPLES OF METER MEASUREMENT

Kind of Verse
1. Traditional Form - “poems with rhyme and with
meter”
2. Free Verse - “It does not have any repeating
patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables, has no
rhyme.
3. Blank Verse - “written in lines of iambic pentameter
but does not use end rhyme.
Meter
“a rhythmic structure of the verse”
It is the number of poetic feet in a line. It is the
pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
STRESS – the relative force or prominence of word
sounds or syllable in a verse.
Stressed syllable
- makes a long vowel sound, a strong or loud syllable
marked with a (/)
Unstressed syllable
- makes a short vowel sound, a weaker or quieter
syllable marked with (U) or (x)

FOOT is a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three

syllables. Usually consists of one stressed and one or
more unstressed syllables.

Types of Feet
 QUARTER 1
Creative Writing

OTHER ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Theme
“message or the meaning that provides profound
insight about an aspect of humanity”

Tone
It is the general attitude or behavior of a literary piece.
It refers to how the writer communicates the feeling
she or he has about the poem’s subject matter.

Mood
It refers to the feeling of the reader about the poem,
often as a result of the tone that was set up by the
writer.

Point of View
It is the perspective taken by the persona of a verse or
prose work. It is where the readers “hear” the voice of
a certain person that represent the world through
persona’s eyes.

Symbolism
“the art or practice of using symbols especially by
investing things with a symbolic meaning”

FORMS OF POETRY

Form
It pertains to “the pattern or construction of a work”
of literary pieces that is identifiable and
distinguishable form one another.
 QUARTER 1
Creative Writing
Poetry can generally be grouped into these common
forms: Lyric Poetry, Narrative Poetry, Descriptive SONNET
Poetry, Dramatic Poetry Sonnets originated in Italy some time during the 13th
century. A classic form of poetry, sonnets have taken
1. Lyrical Poetry on many variations over the years. They often describe
Lyrical poems are short, songlike poems that express the trials of romantic love and the human experience.
the emotions and feelings of the speaker. This form consists of fourteen lines written in iambic
Lyrical poetry is very melodic because during the pentameter that are connected by a specific rhyme
ancient times, it was meant to be read aloud with scheme. Two major variations of sonnets are the
musical accompaniment (usually music played with a Petrarchan (Italian) and the Shakespearean (English).
lyre).

2. Narrative Poetry
Narrative poems tell a complete story with a fully-
developed plot. Characters, settings, events, conflicts
and resolutions are all found in narrative poetry.
While this genre of poetry tells a story with a
beginning, middle and end, it is still written in verse
and employs poetic devices and like meter, rhyme and
figurative language.

3. Dramatic Poetry
Dramatic poems are written in verse and usually
meant to be recited or acted out, hence the root word
“drama.”
Dramatic poetry is similar to narrative poetry in that HAIKU
they both tell a story. Dramatic poems, however, are Derived from the tanka, haikus are another form of
more theatrical. Many famous literary plays are Japanese poetry. Haikus are brief, simple, and direct in
considered examples of dramatic poetry because they
the ideas they express. While haikus traditionally
are written in verse and often performed on stage. describe nature, over the centuries, they have become
a fun, beginner-friendly form of poetry written about
COMMON TYPES OF POETRY any topic.
Haikus consist of three lines with five syllables in the
FOUND POEMS first and third lines and seven syllables in the second
Found poems are created through the careful line.
selection and organization of words and phrases from
existing text. These take existing texts and refashion
them, reorder them, and present them as poems.

The literary equivalent of a collage found poetry is

often made form newspaper articles, street signs,
graffiti, speeches, letters, or even other poems.
TANAGA
Tanaga is a type of Filipino poem which consists of
four lines with seven syllables each with the same
rhyme at the end of each line. It has 7-7-7-7 syllabic
verse, with commonly an AABB rhyme scheme.
Most handed down by oral history, and contain
proverbial forms, morals, and snippets of a code of
ethics.
 QUARTER 1
Creative Writing

DIONA
Diona is an ancient form of poetry that is composed of
7 syllables for every verse/line, 3 verse/lines for every
stanza, and has a single rhyme scheme. EPIC
An epic is “a long narrative poem in a dignified style
about the deeds of a traditional or historical hero
featuring formal narrative elements”.
Epics encompasses heroic stories based on legendary
cultural figures or even mythological ones. They are
also created following specific poetic measurements
and elements.

Iliad and Odyssey by the Greek poet Homer

Beowulf from the Old English Era
Divine Comedy by Italian poet Dante Alighieri
Mahabharata and Ramayana from ancient India
ODE Ibong Adarna by Filipino poet Jose de la Cruz known
An ode is “an extended lyric poem characterized by as Huseng Sisiw
exalted emotion and dignified style which usually Biag ni Lam-ang from the Ilocano region
carries a single serious theme”.
The ode is like the poet’s expression of something that BALLAD
moved and inspired him or her. A ballad narrates a very simple story, and it is
recognizable through the refrain that keeps on
repeating at various parts throughout the piece. A
refrain is defined as a phase repeated at intervals
throughout a poem.
An example of ballad is from Rudyard Kipling, “Gunga
Din”. It features the persona of an English soldier
talking about an Indian water carrier during the era of
British India.

EXPERIMENTAL POETRY STYLES

ACROSTIC POEM
LIMERICK An acrostic is “a poem in which the first letter of each
While the exact origin of the limerick is unknown, it line spells out a name or a certain word, phrase, or
most likely originated in Ireland in the 18th century. passage.”
Limericks are humorous, often crass and sometimes Readers can see what the poet spells out if they read
nonsensical. This form is popular in children’s the first letter of each line vertically.
literature due to its light-hearded, easy-to-follow
rhythm.
Limericks consist of five lines and follow an AABBA
rhyme scheme. Some limericks also use repetition of
the first and last lines.
 QUARTER 1
Creative Writing

CONCRETE POEM
It is a form of poetry wherein visual elements play a
large part in the poetic effect by having punctuation
marks, letters, or words arranged on the page to form
a visual design.
It is a poem that uses words to form a shape (Shape
Poetry) of the subject of the poem.