Intro to Engineering & Design – Final Exam Study Guide

Unit 1: Design Process

1. What is the most effective way to generate potential solutions to a problem? How many alternate solutions should
you generate?

2. What is an engineer? What types of work do engineers do?

3. What are the 4 main disciplines of Engineering? What kinds of things would an Engineer in each field do?

4. Why Keep an Engineering Notebook?

5. What are the 4 best Practices for the Engineering Notebook?

6. Explain the concept of proportion. How does the concept of proportion relate to creating a realistic sketch?

7. What is tonal shading and why should you shade your sketches?

8. Why would the ability to create realistic sketches make a person a more competent designer?

9. What is the purpose of sketching your ideas?

10. Define and differentiate invention and innovation.

11. Define the following words:

a) Brainstorm

b) Constraint

c) Design

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 d) Design Brief

e) Design Statement

f) Engineering Notebook

g) Prototype

h) Research

12. Put into order the Design Process steps and Define each step.
_____) Define Problem
_____) Construct and test Prototype
_____) Present Solution
_____) Evaluate Solution
_____) Generate Concepts
_____) Develop a Solution

Unit 2: Technical Sketching and Drawing - Make sure you can visually identify all of these line types too!

13. Match the words to the proper definition.

_____Center Line _____Object Line _____Construction

_____Extension Line a. Line lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes.
b. Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops.
_____Dimension Line c. A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts
d. A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible.
e. A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object.
f. A line which represents distance
g. Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail.
_____Hidden Line

_____Leader Line

14. Match the words to the proper definition.

_____Orthographic Projection a. A drawing which contains views of an object projected

onto two or more orthographic planes.
b. A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a
_____Pictorial Sketch plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as
Right Angle Projection
_____Isometric Pictorial c. A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth
in a single view
d. A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes
_____Multi-View Drawing form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of
projection.

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15. What are the 3 spatial Dimensions? _____________, ___________, and ______________________

16. A drawing which contains views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes ___________________

Unit 3: Measurement and Statistics

17. Write the value (in cm) of each measurement for

the letters below given the Metric scale. Be sure
to estimate to one unknown digit.

A _________

B _________

18. Write the value (in) of each measurement for the letters below given the English ruler. Be sure to estimate to one
unknown unit (for example, 1/32). Then give a decimal approximation of that value to two decimal places.

D Exact Value Decimal Approx.

C C _____________ ________________

D _____________ ________________

19. Describe the difference between the meaning of the terms accuracy and precision in scientific measurement.

20. Why do engineers generally adhere to a set of dimensioning standards and guidelines?

21. Convert the following – Show work and units.

a. 2.375 trillion Meters to Giga-meters._____________________________
b. 23,439 milliliters to liters. _____________________________
c. 13 thousand microseconds to seconds. _____________________________
d. 9.25 yards to feet. _____________________________
e. 1.15 feet to inches. _____________________________
f. 5 ft – 6 ½ in. to inches. _____________________________
g. 4 ft – 3 inches to decimal feet. _____________________________
h. 67.5 cm to inches. _____________________________
i. 1.7 yards to inches. _____________________________

22. Why is placement of your dimensions so important?

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23. Why do designers need to fully dimension a part?

24. What does it mean when a sketch is over dimensioned?

25. A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data is called ________________________

26. The _____________________ is a measure of the spread of data values.

27. A function that represents the distribution of variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph. _____________________

28. The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set ______________________

29. The___________ is the difference between the largest and smallest values that occur in a set of data.

30. A measure of center in a set of numerical data______________________

31. What is Central Tendency?

32. A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used to measure distance or thickness. ______________

33. What is the measurement reading on the dial caliper?

34. Calculate mean, median, and mode for the following data set: 1, 5, 10, 14, 29, 32, 33, 40, 46

Unit 4: Modeling Skills & Manufacturing Process

35. What is the role of models in the design process?

36. How can we use technology to make the design and manufacture of a product more efficient and less prone to error?

37. Match the word with its definition

____ Annotate
a. A full-scale working model used to test and improve a design concept by
____ Component making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
b. A part or element of a larger whole
____ Scale Model c. An enlarged or reduced representation of an object that is usually intended for
study purposes.
____ Solid Modeling d. A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an object, not just
its lines and surfaces.
____ Prototype e. Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and
assemble a design
____Multiview Drawing f. To add explanatory notes to a drawing

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38. What is an assembly line?
39. What are the characteristics of a Manufacturing Process Flow diagram?

Unit 5: Geometry of Design

40. What advantage do Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) provide over traditional paper and pencil design?

41. What 3D CAD functions could be used to create a wire paper clip?_________________

42. What feature would be used to create a 3D representation of a baseball or softball bat that was created on a wood
lathe? __________________________________

43. Work planes are continuous ________________________planes that can be used to establish __________ planes.
__________ constraints can also be applied to work planes.

Unit 6: Reverse Engineering

44. Match the words with their definitions

_____ Asymmetry a. Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
b. Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also referred to as
_____Symmetry
a solid. The organization, placement, or relationship of basic elements, as
_____Proportion volumes or voids in a sculpture, so as to produce a coherent image.
c. The art of combining text and pictures in advertisements, magazines, books,
_____Balance.
etc.
_____Form d. The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the
eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
_____Color
e. A repeated decorative design.
_____Rhythm f. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. Size or weight
relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
_____Graphic Design
g. Symmetry about a central axis.
_____Contrast h. The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings in detail.
i. A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.
_____Texture
j. The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast
_____Pattern to three-dimensional form.
k. The correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite
_____ Radial Symmetry;
sides of a median line or about a central axis. Also referred to as formal
_____Value balance.
l. The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.
_____Reverse Engineering
m. A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct
_____ Shape proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry,
and radial
_____ Emphasis
n. The lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a scale
o. ranging from white to black
p. Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical. Also
referred to as informal balance.
q. The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or
considered together
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45. How are principles and elements of design used with engineering practice to develop a successful product?

46. Why do engineers perform reverse engineering on products?

47. Describe the process of reverse engineering.

48. A system input/output model is used in unit 6 Functional Analysis helps to determine what about a product we are
Reengineering/Innovating?
Inputs Product Function Output

49. Describe how important it is to have good interpersonal communication skills in a technically related field, such as
engineering and design.

50. What is a Decision Matrix?

51. What are the components of a Design Brief?

Unit 7: Documentation

52. Arcs and circles are dimensioned in views that _________________________________.

53. Arcs are dimensioned with a __________ to identify the ___________; in some cases, a center mark is included.
54. Circles should have a ______________mark and are dimensioned with a __________ to identify the
______________.
55. Why is detailed documentation important in the design of a product?

56. Angled surface may be dimensioned using ______________ method to specify the ______________location
distances of the angle.

57. Angled surfaces may also be dimensioned using the ______________ method by specifying ______________
location for distance and the angle

58. Match the word with its definition:

Part 1: Dimensioning – Be able to identify the type of dimensioning from an image too!

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____Aligned Dimension ____Datum Dimensioning ____Tolerance ____Clearance Fit

____Chain Dimensioning ____Unidirectional ____Bilateral Tolerance ____Interference

Dimension
____Limit Dimensions ____Allowance

a) The amount of overlap that one part has with another when assembled
b) Dimensioning from a single point of origin called a DATUM. Reduces dimensional deviations in manufactured parts
because each size/location dimension is referenced to a single point
c) A tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions from the specified dimension.
d) The acceptable amount of dimensional variation that will still allow an object to function correctly.
e) The largest and smallest possible boundaries to which a feature may be made as related to the tolerance of the
dimension.
f) A dimensioning system which requires all numerals, figures, and notes to be lettered horizontally and to be read from
the bottom of the drawing sheet.
g) The tightest possible fit between two mating parts.
h) A system of dimensioning which requires all numerals, figures, and notes to be aligned with the dimension lines so
that they may be read from the bottom (for horizontal dimensions) and from the right side (for vertical dimensions).
i) Also known as point-to-point dimensioning where dimensions are established from one point to the next.
j) Limits the size of mating parts so that a clearance always results when mating parts are assembled

Part 2: Drawing Types

____Auxiliary view a. A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that cuts through one-quarter of an
object. It reveals half of the interior and half of the exterior.
____Section Lines
b. Used to show “inside” details not apparent on the exterior of the part
____Full Section c. Used to show a “close-up” view of features that are too small to adequately specify
in another view;
____Detail View
d. A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that extends completely through
____Half Section an object.
e. A line drawn on a view where a cut was made in order to define the location of the
____ Section View
imaginary section plane.
____Cutting Plane Line f. Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut
through material.
g. Allows the viewer to look perpendicular to an angled surface to witness the true size
and shape of that surface and its features (a hole in this example).

Part 3: Holes – Be able to identify the type of hole from the hole note too!
____Blind Hole a. A conical-shaped recess around a hole, often used to receive a tapered screw.
b. A hole that has internal threads
____Counter bore c. A hole that does not go completely through the workpiece.
d. A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head or nut
____Tapped Holes

____Countersink
59. Calculate the tolerance of the labeled dimensions (A, B, C)
on the following image: