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Lecture 09 - Slabs

The document discusses the structure and classification of concrete slabs, highlighting their role as load-bearing elements in construction. It categorizes slabs into one-way and two-way types based on their spanning direction and outlines various slab types including flat plates, ribbed slabs, and waffle slabs, each suitable for different load capacities and spans. Additionally, it explains the distribution of stress in slabs and the importance of reinforcement in different areas.

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3 views

Lecture 09 - Slabs

The document discusses the structure and classification of concrete slabs, highlighting their role as load-bearing elements in construction. It categorizes slabs into one-way and two-way types based on their spanning direction and outlines various slab types including flat plates, ribbed slabs, and waffle slabs, each suitable for different load capacities and spans. Additionally, it explains the distribution of stress in slabs and the importance of reinforcement in different areas.

Uploaded by

um995375
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A-HY 202

STRUCTURE & FORM III


Lecture 09

SLABS (CONCRETE)
COMPONENTS OF A
STRUCTURE SYSTEM

SPANNING ELEMENT

HORIZONTAL LOAD CARRYING MEMBERS

VERTICAL LOAD CARRYING MEMBERS

FOUNDATIONS
SLABS
• Slabs are section-active systems (similar to beams)
• They carry load through combined shear and bending stresses.
CLASSIFICATION OF SLABS W.R.T SPANNING DIRECTION
• Slabs can be classified into two main types
with respect to their spanning and bending
direction.
• For rectangular slabs where the length of the
shorter span is less than Half of longer span,
the slab mainly carries all its load on the
shorter span.
• This type of slab, commonly seen in
verandahs and corridors, is known as
one-way slab.
• For symmetrical spans (square, circular,
roughly square), load is distributed on all
sides.
• This kind of slab is more commonly used and
is known as two-way slab.
ONE-WAY SLABS
• One-way slabs carry load primarily in the shorter
span (towards the longer sides).
• The bending moments in the shorter span are
much greater than those in the longer direction.
• Hence, major reinforcement (main steel) is also
required in the shorter span, while only
distribution steel is required in the other direction.
• One way slabs are governed by the natural load
carrying capacity of the slab in the smaller span;
which typically limits it to less than 12’ without
being supported by beams along the smaller
edges.
TWO-WAY SLABS
• Two-way slabs carry load in both principle
directions.
• The bending moments are also similar along both
spans; so roughly symmetrical reinforcement is
required in both directions.
DISTRIBUTION OF STRESS
• Slabs can be distributed with respect to
concentration of various stresses:
• Column strips
• These are sections of the slab center aligned with the
columns and have width equal to 1/4th of the total span
on both sides.
• The main stress in this area is shear and negative moment
(hogging)
• Main steel reinforcement is at the top
• Middle strip
• The central area of the span flanked by column strips is
called the middle strip.
• The main stress in this area is the positive moment
(sagging)
• Main steel reinforcement is at the bottom
TYPES OF SLABS
• Flat Plate
• The simplest kind of slab supported directly above
columns or load bearing wall.
• This slab is meant for small spans (less than 20’) and low
loads.
• Flat slab with drop panels
• To strengthen the flat plate against larger loads and
specifically shear, drop panels are added. This type of slab
is called flat slab.
• This is typically used for spans up to 25’
• Column capitals can also be added for further
reinforcement.
• Typically seen with mushroom columns
• Suitable for low to medium loads
• 1-way slab with beams
• To increase the longer span of a one-way slab, beams ar e
introduced.
• This increases the long span to up to 40’
• Larger spans can be achieved through pre-stressing.
• Suitable to medium to heavy loads
• 2-way slab with beams
• Similar to 1-way slab with beams, beams can be used to
achieve larger spans in 2-way slabs.
• This system can support up to 40’ span in both directions
• This system is suitable for medium to heavy loads.
TYPES OF SLABS
• Ribbed Slab
• Through adding ribs or drop beams to a 1-way slab,
longer spans can be achieved.
• A larger effective depth is achieved through the use of
ribs, providing greater stiffness.
• With typical slab depth of 6”, ribs are placed
approximately 4’ apart and can vary in depth from 6”
to 12” below the slab.
• Shorter span can be increased to up to 35’ by using
ribbed slab.
• Suitable for medium-to-heavy loads

• Waffle slab
• A two-way ribbed system is called a waffle slab.
• It is suitable for spans up to 70’ in both directions.
• Typcially the waffles closest to columns are filled to
provide greater depth for shear resistance.
• Suitable for medium to heavy loads

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