Republic of the Philippines

LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

P. Paterno St., Tacloban City
MM 501 – Principles and Theories of Management

ANSWER SHEET
Module 5
Name: ALLAIN LOYD C. BORER Date: November 21, 2021
Course: MM 501 Principles and Theories of Management Schedule: 7:30-10:30 AM SS

A. Case Study No. 5

Facts of the Case

Mr. Reyes is the General Manager of XYZ Company. He is known for his positive approach of
leadership style. He sees to it that any meritorious achievement of performance on the part of his
subordinates is given due recognition. However, one day Johnny, one of his first line supervisors was
absent. Johnny’s subordinates had no one to go for advice regarding problems in their work. So, they
ran to Mr. Reyes for direction.

Upon examining the records of Johnny, Mr. Reyes found out that he had been absent many
times recently.

Problem:

Should Mr. Reyes apply the sanction of one week suspension against Johnny, as provided
under company rules, even if by doing so he would be veering from his positive approach of leadership
style? Support your answer.

Answer:

I think Mr. Reyes should not apply the sanction of one week suspension against Johnny as an
immediate punishment for his consistent absenteeism though it has been provided under their
company rules. He should try first to know why Johnny was making many absences. He should talk to
him first and try to understand and evaluate the situation. As leaders, they should have learned to
understand the behavior of their lower-level ranks. Maybe Mr. Johnny has been going through difficult
situation in which his manager has no knowledge about it or maybe he was no longer motivated doing
his work or maybe he was a kind of person who doesn’t share his problem. Knowing and
understanding their behavior is an important role of a leader so he can do what is best for them to be
motivated and be enthusiastic in performing their assigned tasks.

So, in the case of Mr. Johnny, if he could not go to his manager and share his problem or the
things that he has been going through, it should be the Manager who should went down and reached
out his subordinates so they can feel that they belong to the organization, that their presence and
efforts they have given to the company is acknowledged and recognized. There is a sense of
importance and that they experience it.

B. Analysis

1. How is effective leading attained?

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 Leading would not be leading if there’s nothing or no one to lead. It is always directed
to an individual or a group of individuals being led to do or achieve something that’s
worthwhile. Effective leadership is best attained when a leader is so passionate and
determined in providing direction, inspiration, and guidance, exhibit courage, passion,
confidence, commitment, and ambition. They nurture the strengths and talents of their
people and build teams committed to achieving common goals. They’re not boss who keeps
on giving instructions and commands but they’re example of their words. They walk the talk.
They should also exhibit good listening and interpersonal skills so that they would be able to
understand the behaviors of their employees they are leading in the achievement of the
common goals and objectives.

2. Why is delegation essential in management?

I believe there is no monopoly of wisdom and skill. We cannot simultaneously do

things just to accomplish a certain output for the day for just one individual working on it. It’s
either he would be inefficient in a sense that it would not be possible to finish all the tasks
that were given to him or ineffective in a sense that there is poor output of his work. So, that’s
why it’s very important and practical delegation in management is. It’s not isolated only for
this reason to the accomplishment of the tasks in its proper time and the desired output are
achieved but it’s also for the reason of the growth of that employee. He will be able learn and
maximize his skill in doing the tasks.

3. How can a manager best motivate his subordinate employees?

I think he can best motivate his subordinate employees if he knew them very well;
their behavior, their doing of work and their needs. He should learn to understand them so
he can apply what motivating factors that fits them so they can be effective and efficient
employees of the company.

4. How do managers effectively maintain organizational climate in the midst of change?

The manager should be flexible and proactive at the same time. He should learn to
adopt changes for it is normal when there are sudden changes. That’s when he is tested on
his strategic skills and how he would be able to cope up with things that are unexpected.

5. What is leadership? Explain why leadership is behavioral in nature.

Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the
behavior and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation.
Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with confidence and
zeal. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group towards the realization of a goal.
Leaders are required to develop future visions, and to motivate the organizational members
to want to achieve the visions.

It is behavioral in nature because people behave according to certain principles of

human nature. These principles govern their behavior. Their doing of work is based on how
they think and view that work. So, leadership then is the potential to influence behavior of
others so what is expected from them shall flow within them.

6. What do you think is the most important role of a leader? Support your answer.

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 I think the most important role of a leader is to motivate his subordinates. The best
output can be achieved and a healthy working environment can be experienced when its
employees are motivated.

8. Which country do you think is the best in terms of leading? Support your answer.

I think it’s the Japanese style of leadership. A leader should not think that he is above
anyone else and that he has in him that his members doesn’t have. In the Japanese style of
leadership, a leader is acting as social facilitator rather than head of the group and member
rather than a boss. Leaders here are able to sense, embody and express the feeling of their
group. Japanese leaders often let their mid-level staff speak for them to demonstrate the
team’s consensus and total commitment. So, there’s an involvement among its members in
decision making process.

9. What do you know about leading principles? Explain one principle of leading.

Principle of Motivation.

The more managers carefully assess a reward structure, look upon it from a situational
and contingency point of view, and integrate in into the entire system of managing, the more
effective a motivational program will be.

As leaders, managers are responsible for the vitally important job of keeping
employees motivated and engaged. If you see an employee struggling, reach out and see if
you can help. If all of your employees show a lack of motivation, be willing to explore into
company culture and make changes as needed.

C. Quiz

I. Identification

1. Principle of Harmony of Objectives

2. Principle of Motivation

3. Principle of Communication Integrity

4. Principle of Leadership

5. Principle of Communication Clarity

6. Principle of Supplemental use of Informal Organization

II. Answer the following:

A. Define Leadership

Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence

the behavior and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given
situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work
with confidence and zeal. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group
towards the realization of a goal. Leaders are required to develop future visions, and
to motivate the organizational members to want to achieve the visions.

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B. Discuss leadership styles

A leadership style refers to a leader’s characteristic behaviors when directing,

motivating, guiding and managing groups of people. It is his/her way of leading his
people in the accomplishment of the organizational goals and objectives. It can be
categorized as to motivation, as to degree of or extent of the leader’s decision-making
authority and as to leader’s perspective on the most effective way of getting the work
done.

As to motivation. A leader can make use of a positive or negative approach of

leadership style. Positive approach in a sense that he will be offering or granting of
rewards, praise, recognition and opportunity for self-development in motivating. If a
member has been performing well and has been contributing much in the
accomplishment of tasks efficiently and effectively then, he would be entitled to such
recognition and awards for him to be motivated to continue doing his work with
excellence and integrity. On the other hand, a negative approach can be used when
an employee after with so many interventions made but there was still no
improvement and learning, an employee can be punished. It could be in a form of
demotion, suspension, dismissal or public reprimand.

As the degree of or extent of the leader’s decision-making authority. A leader

can exercise an autocratic or authoritarian type of leadership, participative or
democratic type or free-rein/freewheeling/ laissez-faire style of leadership. Under
autocratic style of leadership, a leader takes full authority and responsibility for the
results of his action. This type of situation provides a fertile ground for the
development of low morale, frustration and conflict. This is best applied when its
subordinates have loosened already their sense of responsibility and function. The
integrity of work has been stained already. This is to make things right and proper so
that the desired output expected would be met. Under Participative or democratic
type of leadership, a leader employs participative or consultative processes to get
results. Subordinates are motivated to share their talents and expertise. They are
given the opportunity to develop their potentials for self-development and
advancement. I think this type of leadership style is the ideal thing that a leader should
make use most importantly in an organization. This can boost the moral of the
employees and they can feel that they belong to the organization. Their efforts can
contribute to the attainment of the goals of the organization. Under Free-
rein/freewheeling/ laissez-faire type of leadership, a leader has no care on the
relationship and the spirit of teamwork in an organization. He only cared about the
results. Its up to his subordinates the things they can do or think is best to accomplish
the tasks assigned to them.

C. Explain Principles of Leadership, Motivation and Harmony of Objectives.

Principle of leadership. This is a principle wherein leaders can empower and

influence its subordinates to move them toward success. Since people under him look
up into his principles, his actions and decisions he made, his setting himself as an
example can inspire and motivate others in the doing of work.

Principle of Motivation. The more managers carefully assess a reward

structure, look upon it from a situational and contingency point of view, and integrate

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 in into the entire system of managing, the more effective a motivational program will
be. As leaders, managers are responsible for the vitally important job of keeping
employees motivated and engaged. If you see an employee struggling, reach out and
see if you can help. If all of your employees show a lack of motivation, be willing to
explore into company culture and make changes as needed.

Principle of Harmony of Objectives. An organization aims at achieving the

predetermined objectives with the help of its people. With different techniques of
direction, management should try to integrate the organizational and individual
objectives. The interest of the group always prevails over individual interests. One
employee should not only be working for himself but should also be doing for the
good of the organization. There should be harmony and unity in the achievement of
the goals of the organization.

D. Application

1. Describe leadership style of your immediate supervisor:

a. As to motivation.

The head of our office makes use of both positive and negative approach of
leadership style. When she sees that we are working well and that we are not
negligent of the tasks that were assigned to us, she would give us recognition. Though
it may not be in a form of monetary value, its more on the boosting of the morale of
her subordinates that our contributions to the unit’s output are valued and important.
On the other hand, if she sees that we are already relaxing though the deadline has
been fast approaching in the submission of the reports, she would reprimand us of
course in a professional and a motherly way.

b. As to the degree of or extent of his/her decision-making authority

As I have observed, she is both employing autocratic and democratic style of

leadership depending on the situation and the urgency of the decisions and actions to
be made. If it demands a very technical and supervisorial decision so that the unit
could have a sense of direction and the maintenance of its integrity, she would be
stricter and more autocratic so we can be responsible and do the tasks with integrity
and professionalism. If the situation demands a good working relationship, she would
invite us to talk and decide on what’s best for the unit.

c. As to his/her perspective on the most effective way of getting the work done.

She is both task-oriented and people oriented. She would always remind us
to follow deadlines and if possible, we can submit before the deadline, that’s better.
She was also concern with our growth as human on how we can be better employees.

2. Write a reflection of what you have learned from the module.

I learned about the concepts of leadership, its importance, the different

approaches and styles of leadership that can be used by managers in an organization.
Leadership is an act of leading its people towards both the success of the organization
and the growth of its people. A leader can be an effective leader when he/she was
able to influence, inspire and empower its members to accomplish the tasks that are
expected from them. A leader is not only focus on the output that his members can
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produce after a collaborative effort has been made but he is only concerns on the self-
development of its members. He should know and understand his members’
behavior, the doing of his work. He should learn to recognize and appreciate them so
they can be motivated in performing their tasks. I have also learned that there are
approaches that a manager can make use in order for its members to maintain and/or
improve the level of motivation so that the tasks are done with excellence. I just find
it present in our organization wherein the head of our unit employs these approaches
depending on the situation and the urgency of the decisions to be made.

Lastly, leadership really is important in an organization especially in the

achievement of the organizational goals and objectives. It motivates team members.
Team members respond in kind to the leader. They will be motivated to mirror the
growth mindset for their teams and themselves and consider how they can personally
contribute to the forward motion of the organization as a whole. It allows for a
problem-solving and decision-making mindset. In an expressively safe atmosphere
where people are not afraid to speak up, great ideas can emerge. When a leader
entrusts the individuals hired into their roles to develop solutions and make decisions,
exponential growth is possible. It even promotes communication, ethics, inclusion,
and respect. The ideas and efforts from each employee are respected and considered
and that these are vital in the advancing growth of its people and the organization as
a whole. An organization is composed of different people with very diverse ideals and
principles that could somehow forfeit the purpose of meeting the vision that the
company has set but that could be possible if there is a leader that would influence
and make use of those differences to make a positive difference in the company, that
is the success and its growth. So, its an important attribute for a manager these
leading skills.

Submitted to:

NESTOR C. SEDANZA, D.M.

Course Professor

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