Question ID 6ee5222e

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 6ee5222e

Which table gives three values of and their corresponding values of for the given equation?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 6ee5222e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Each of the tables gives the same three values of : , , and . Substituting for in the given
equation yields , or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .
Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, when , the corresponding value of for the
given equation is . Substituting for in the given equation yields , or .
Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields
. Therefore, when , the corresponding value of for the given equation is . Substituting for in the
given equation yields , or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields
. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, when , the corresponding value
of for the given equation is . The table in choice D gives x-values of , , and and corresponding y-values of ,
, and , respectively. Therefore, the table in choice D gives three values of and their corresponding values of for
the given equation.

Choice A is incorrect. This table gives three values of and their corresponding values of for the equation
.

Choice B is incorrect. This table gives three values of and their corresponding values of for the equation
.

Choice C is incorrect. This table gives three values of and their corresponding values of for the equation
.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 43e69f94
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions Hard

ID: 43e69f94

The cost of renting a backhoe for up to days is for the first day and for each additional day.
Which of the following equations gives the cost , in dollars, of renting the backhoe for days, where is
a positive integer and ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 43e69f94 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that the cost of renting a backhoe for up to days is for the first day and for
each additional day. Therefore, the cost , in dollars, for days, where , is the sum of the cost for the first day,
, and the cost for the additional days, . It follows that , which is
equivalent to , or .

Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the cost of renting a backhoe is for the first day
and for each additional day.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9609a243
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 9609a243

In the given system of equations, is a constant. If the system has no solution, what is the value of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 9609a243 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. A system of two linear equations in two variables, and , has no solution if the lines represented by
the equations in the xy-plane are distinct and parallel. The graphs of two lines in the xy-plane represented by equations in
the form , where , , and are constants, are parallel if the coefficients for and in one equation are
proportional to the corresponding coefficients in the other equation. The first equation in the given system can be written
in the form by subtracting from both sides of the equation to yield . The second
equation in the given system can be written in the form by subtracting from both sides of the
equation to yield . The coefficient of in this second equation, , is times the coefficient of in the
first equation, . For the lines to be parallel, the coefficient of in the second equation, , must also be times the
coefficient of in the first equation, . Thus, , or . Therefore, if the given system has no
solution, the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. If the value of is , then the given system would have one solution, rather than no solution.

Choice B is incorrect. If the value of is , then the given system would have one solution, rather than no solution.

Choice C is incorrect. If the value of is , then the given system would have one solution, rather than no solution.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0876dbef
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 0876dbef

In the given system of equations, is a constant. If the system has no solution, what is the value of ?

ID: 0876dbef Answer

Correct Answer: 3.5, 7/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . A system of two linear equations in two variables, and , has no solution if the lines
represented by the equations in the xy-plane are distinct and parallel. Two lines represented by equations in standard
form , where , , and are constants, are parallel if the coefficients for and in one equation are
proportional to the corresponding coefficients in the other equation. The first equation in the given system,
, can be written in standard form by adding to both sides of the equation, which yields
, or . Multiplying each term in this equation by yields . The
second equation in the given system, , can be written in standard form by subtracting and
from both sides of the equation, which yields . Multiplying each term in this equation by yields
. The coefficient of in the first equation, , is equal to the coefficient of in the second
equation, . For the lines to be parallel, and for the coefficients for and in one equation to be
proportional to the corresponding coefficients in the other equation, the coefficient of in the second equation must also
be equal to the coefficient of in the first equation. Therefore, . Dividing both sides of this equation by
yields , or . Therefore, if the given system of equations has no solution, the value of is . Note that 7/2
and 3.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c5526332
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions Hard

ID: c5526332

For the linear function , the table shows three values of and their corresponding values of .
Function is defined by , where and are constants. What is the value of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: c5526332 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The table gives that when . Substituting 0 for and for into the equation
yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . The table gives
that when . Substituting for , for , and for into the equation
yields . Combining like terms yields , or . Since , substituting for
into this equation gives , which yields . Thus, the value of can be written as
, which is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4a2f9ba8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 4a2f9ba8

For each real number , which of the following points lies on the graph of each equation in the xy-plane for
the given system?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 4a2f9ba8 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Dividing both sides of the second equation in the given system by yields , which is the
first equation in the given system. Therefore, the first and second equations represent the same line in the xy-plane. If the
x- and y-coordinates of a point satisfy an equation, the point lies on the graph of the equation in the xy-plane. Choice A is
a point with x-coordinate and y-coordinate . Substituting for and for in the equation
yields . Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side of this equation
yields . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation yields , so the coordinates of
the point satisfy both equations in the given system. Therefore, for each real number , the point
lies on the graph of each equation in the xy-plane for the given system.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 252d6b8a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 252d6b8a

In the given pair of equations, and are constants. The graph of this pair of equations in the xy-plane is
a pair of perpendicular lines. Which of the following pairs of equations also represents a pair of
perpendicular lines?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 252d6b8a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Two lines are perpendicular if their slopes are negative reciprocals, meaning that the slope of the first
line is equal to divided by the slope of the second line. Each equation in the given pair of equations can be written in
slope-intercept form, , where is the slope of the graph of the equation in the xy-plane and is the y-
intercept. For the first equation, , subtracting from both sides gives , and dividing both
sides of this equation by gives . Therefore, the slope of the graph of this equation is . For the
second equation, , subtracting from both sides gives , and dividing both sides of this
equation by gives . Therefore, the slope of the graph of this equation is . Since the graph of the
given pair of equations is a pair of perpendicular lines, the slope of the graph of the second equation, , must be the
negative reciprocal of the slope of the graph of the first equation, . The negative reciprocal of is , or .
Therefore, , or . Similarly, rewriting the equations in choice B in slope-intercept form yields
and . It follows that the slope of the graph of the first equation in choice B is
and the slope of the graph of the second equation in choice B is . Since , is equal to , or
. Since is the negative reciprocal of , the pair of equations in choice B represents a pair of perpendicular lines.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 52007f35
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 52007f35

In the given system of equations, is a constant. If the system has no solution, what is the value of ?

ID: 52007f35 Answer

Correct Answer: 6

Rationale

The correct answer is . A system of two linear equations in two variables, and , has no solution if the lines
represented by the equations in the xy-plane are parallel and distinct. Lines represented by equations in standard form,
and , are parallel if the coefficients for and in one equation are proportional to the
corresponding coefficients in the other equation, meaning ; and the lines are distinct if the constants are not
proportional, meaning is not equal to or . The first equation in the given system is .
Multiplying each side of this equation by yields . Adding to each side of this equation
yields , or . The second equation in the given system is . Multiplying
each side of this equation by yields . Subtracting from each side of this equation yields
. Subtracting from each side of this equation yields . Therefore, the two equations in
the given system, written in standard form, are and . As previously stated, if this system
has no solution, the lines represented by the equations in the xy-plane are parallel and distinct, meaning the proportion
, or , is true and the proportion is not true. The proportion is not true.
Multiplying each side of the true proportion, , by yields . Therefore, if the system has no solution,
then the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 900234f1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 900234f1

At a school fair, students can win colored tokens that are worth a different number of points depending on
the color. One student won green tokens and red tokens worth a total of points. The given
equation represents this situation. How many more points is a red token worth than a green token?

ID: 900234f1 Answer

Correct Answer: 40

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that , where is the number of green tokens and is the number
of red tokens won by one student and these tokens are worth a total of points. Since the equation represents the
situation where the student won points with green tokens and red tokens for a total of points, each term on the left-
hand side of the equation represents the number of points won for one of the colors. Since the coefficient of in the
given equation is , a green token must be worth points. Similarly, since the coefficient of in the given equation is ,
a red token must be worth points. Therefore, a red token is worth points, or points, more than a green
token.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 84f5f182
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities in Hard

one or two variables

ID: 84f5f182

A salesperson’s total earnings consist of a base salary of dollars per year, plus commission earnings of
of the total sales the salesperson makes during the year. This year, the salesperson has a goal for
the total earnings to be at least times and at most times the base salary. Which of the following
inequalities represents all possible values of total sales , in dollars, the salesperson can make this year in
order to meet that goal?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 84f5f182 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that a salesperson's total earnings consist of a base salary of dollars per year plus
commission earnings of of the total sales the salesperson makes during the year. If the salesperson makes
dollars in total sales this year, the salesperson’s total earnings can be represented by the expression . It’s also
given that the salesperson has a goal for the total earnings to be at least times and at most times the base salary,
which can be represented by the expressions and , respectively. Therefore, this situation can be represented by the
inequality . Subtracting from each part of this inequality yields . Dividing
each part of this inequality by yields . Therefore, the inequality represents
all possible values of total sales , in dollars, the salesperson can make this year in order to meet their goal.

Choice A is incorrect. This inequality represents a situation in which the total sales, rather than the total earnings, are at
least times and at most times, rather than at least times and at most times, the base salary.

Choice C is incorrect. This inequality represents a situation in which the total sales, rather than the total earnings, are at
least times and at most times the base salary.

Choice D is incorrect. This inequality represents a situation in which the total earnings are at least times and at most
times, rather than at least times and at most times, the base salary.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e40b7bdc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: e40b7bdc

Keenan made cups of vegetable broth. Keenan then filled small jars and large jars with all the
vegetable broth he made. The equation represents this situation. Which is the best
interpretation of in this context?
A. The number of large jars Keenan filled

B. The number of small jars Keenan filled

C. The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the large jars

D. The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the small jars

ID: e40b7bdc Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that the equation represents the situation where Keenan filled small jars
and large jars with all the vegetable broth he made, which was cups. Therefore, represents the total number of
cups of vegetable broth in the small jars and represents the total number of cups of vegetable broth in the large jars.

Choice A is incorrect. The number of large jars Keenan filled is represented by , not .

Choice B is incorrect. The number of small jars Keenan filled is represented by , not .

Choice D is incorrect. The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the small jars is represented by , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c130b16c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: c130b16c

One of the equations in a system of two linear equations is given. The system has no solution. Which
equation could be the second equation in the system?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: c130b16c Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. A system of two linear equations in two variables, and , has no solution if the lines represented by
the equations in the xy-plane are parallel and distinct. Lines represented by equations in standard form,
and , are parallel if the coefficients for and in one equation are proportional to the corresponding
coefficients in the other equation, meaning ; and the lines are distinct if the constants are not proportional,
meaning is not equal to or . The given equation, , can be written in standard form by subtracting
from both sides of the equation to yield . Therefore, the given equation can be written in the form
, where , , and . The equation in choice B, , is written in the form
, where , , and . Therefore, , which can be rewritten as ;
, which can be rewritten as ; and , which can be rewritten as . Since , ,
and is not equal to , it follows that the given equation and the equation are parallel and distinct.
Therefore, a system of two linear equations consisting of the given equation and the equation has no
solution. Thus, the equation in choice B could be the second equation in the system.

Choice A is incorrect. The equation and the given equation represent the same line in the xy-plane.
Therefore, a system of these linear equations would have infinitely many solutions, rather than no solution.

Choice C is incorrect. The equation and the given equation represent lines in the xy-plane that are
distinct and not parallel. Therefore, a system of these linear equations would have exactly one solution, rather than no
solution.

Choice D is incorrect. The equation and the given equation represent lines in the xy-plane that are
distinct and not parallel. Therefore, a system of these linear equations would have exactly one solution, rather than no
solution.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2ebd5e5b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 2ebd5e5b

The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?

ID: 2ebd5e5b Answer

Correct Answer: 80

Rationale

The correct answer is . Subtracting the second equation in the given system from the first equation yields
, which is equivalent to , or . Dividing each
side of this equation by yields . Substituting for in the second equation yields . Adding
to both sides of this equation yields .

Alternate approach: Multiplying each side of the second equation in the given system by yields .
Subtracting the first equation in the given system from this equation yields ,
which is equivalent to , or . Dividing each side of this equation by yields
.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5e7991d4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 5e7991d4

The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?

ID: 5e7991d4 Answer

Correct Answer: 1677

Rationale

The correct answer is . Adding the first equation to the second equation in the given system yields
, or . Multiplying both sides of this
equation by yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID dcdceeae
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: dcdceeae

In the xy-plane, line has a slope of and an x-intercept of . What is the y-coordinate of the y-
intercept of line ?

ID: dcdceeae Answer

Correct Answer: -10

Rationale

The correct answer is . A line in the xy-plane can be represented by the equation , where is the slope
of the line and is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. It's given that line has a slope of . Therefore, . It's
also given that line has an x-intercept of . Therefore, when , . Substituting for , for ,
and for in the equation yields , which is equivalent to . Subtracting
from both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of line is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 90f7af74
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities in Hard

one or two variables

ID: 90f7af74

A small business owner budgets to purchase candles. The owner must purchase a minimum of
candles to maintain the discounted pricing. If the owner pays per candle to purchase small
candles and per candle to purchase large candles, what is the maximum number of large candles
the owner can purchase to stay within the budget and maintain the discounted pricing?

ID: 90f7af74 Answer

Correct Answer: 182

Rationale

The correct answer is . Let represent the number of small candles the owner can purchase, and let 𝓁 represent the
number of large candles the owner can purchase. It’s given that the owner pays per candle to purchase small
candles and per candle to purchase large candles. Therefore, the owner pays dollars for small candles
and 𝓁 dollars for 𝓁 large candles, which means the owner pays a total of 𝓁 dollars to purchase
candles. It’s given that the owner budgets to purchase candles. Therefore, 𝓁 . It’s also
given that the owner must purchase a minimum of candles. Therefore, 𝓁 . The inequalities
𝓁 and 𝓁 can be combined into one compound inequality by rewriting the second
inequality so that its left-hand side is equivalent to the left-hand side of the first inequality. Subtracting 𝓁 from both sides
of the inequality 𝓁 yields 𝓁 . Multiplying both sides of this inequality by yields
𝓁 , or 𝓁 . Adding 𝓁 to both sides of this inequality yields
𝓁 𝓁 𝓁 , or 𝓁 𝓁 . This inequality can be combined with
the inequality 𝓁 , which yields the compound inequality
𝓁 𝓁 . It follows that 𝓁 . Subtracting from both sides of
this inequality yields 𝓁 . Dividing both sides of this inequality by yields approximately 𝓁 .
Since the number of large candles the owner purchases must be a whole number, the maximum number of large candles
the owner can purchase is the largest whole number less than , which is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1cc52a1f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 1cc52a1f

A certain apprentice has enrolled in hours of training courses. The equation

represents this situation, where is the number of on-site training courses and is the number of online
training courses this apprentice has enrolled in. How many more hours does each online training course
take than each on-site training course?

ID: 1cc52a1f Answer

Correct Answer: 5

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the equation represents the situation, where is the number of
on-site training courses, is the number of online training courses, and is the total number of hours of training
courses the apprentice has enrolled in. Therefore, represents the number of hours the apprentice has enrolled in on-
site training courses, and represents the number of hours the apprentice has enrolled in online training courses.
Since is the number of on-site training courses and is the number of online training courses the apprentice has
enrolled in, is the number of hours each on-site course takes and is the number of hours each online course takes.
Subtracting these numbers gives , or more hours each online training course takes than each on-site training
course.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 90c618a3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 90c618a3

In the given system of equations, is a constant. If the system has no solution, what is the value of ?

ID: 90c618a3 Answer

Correct Answer: 8

Rationale

The correct answer is . The given system of equations can be solved using the elimination method. Multiplying both
sides of the second equation in the given system by yields , or . Adding this
equation to the first equation in the given system, , yields
, or . Subtracting from both sides of
this equation yields , or . If the given system
has no solution, then the equation has no solution. If this equation has no solution, the
coefficients of on each side of the equation, and , must be equal, which yields the equation .
Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Thus, if the system has no solution, the value of is .

Alternate approach: A system of two linear equations in two variables, and , has no solution if the lines represented by
the equations in the xy-plane are parallel and distinct. Lines represented by equations in the form , where
, , and are constant terms, are parallel if the ratio of the x-coefficients is equal to the ratio of the y-coefficients, and
distinct if the ratio of the x-coefficients are not equal to the ratio of the constant terms. Subtracting from both sides
of the first equation in the given system yields , or .
Subtracting from both sides of the second equation in the given system yields , or
. The ratio of the x-coefficients for these equations is , or . The ratio of the y-coefficients for
these equations is . The ratio of the constant terms for these equations is , or . Since the ratio of the x-
coefficients, , is not equal to the ratio of the constants, , the lines represented by the equations are distinct. Setting
the ratio of the x-coefficients equal to the ratio of the y-coefficients yields . Multiplying both sides of this
equation by yields , or . Therefore, when , the lines represented by these
equations are parallel. Thus, if the system has no solution, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a8e43ae3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: a8e43ae3

The graph of is shown. Which equation defines function ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: a8e43ae3 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. An equation for the graph shown can be written in slope-intercept form , where is the
slope of the graph and its y-intercept is . Since the y-intercept of the graph shown is , the value of is . Since
the graph also passes through the point , the slope can be calculated as , or . Therefore, the value of is
. Substituting for and for in the equation yields . It’s given that an equation
for the graph shown is . Substituting for in the equation yields
. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID beb54560
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: beb54560

Line is defined by . Line is perpendicular to line in the xy-plane. What is the slope of
line ?

ID: beb54560 Answer

Correct Answer: .5, 1/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . For an equation in slope-intercept form , represents the slope of the line in the
xy-plane defined by this equation. It's given that line is defined by . Subtracting from both sides of this
equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields , or .
Thus, the slope of line is . If line is perpendicular to line , then the slope of line is the negative reciprocal of the
slope of line . The negative reciprocal of is . Note that 1/2 and .5 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c73c84cc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: c73c84cc

The graph of is translated down units in the xy-plane. What is the x-coordinate of the x-
intercept of the resulting graph?

ID: c73c84cc Answer

Correct Answer: 59/9, 6.555, 6.556

Rationale

The correct answer is . When the graph of an equation in the form , where , , and are constants,
is translated down units in the xy-plane, the resulting graph can be represented by the equation .
It’s given that the graph of is translated down units in the xy-plane. Therefore, the resulting graph can
be represented by the equation , or . Adding to both sides of this
equation yields . The x-coordinate of the x-intercept of the graph of an equation in the xy-plane is the
value of in the equation when . Substituting for in the equation yields , or
. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the x-coordinate of the x-intercept of the
resulting graph is . Note that 59/9, 6.555, and 6.556 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 35978b89
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 35978b89

The point with coordinates lies on the line shown. What is the value of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 35978b89 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given from the graph that the points and lie on the line. For two points on a line,
and , the slope of the line can be calculated using the slope formula . Substituting
for and for in this formula, the slope of the line can be calculated as , or . It's
also given that the point lies on the line. Substituting for , for , and for in the
slope formula yields , or . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields
. Expanding the left-hand side of this equation yields . Adding to both sides of this
equation yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Thus, the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of when .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9a67367f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 9a67367f

The table gives the coordinates of two points on a line in the xy-plane. The y-intercept of the line is
, where and are constants. What is the value of ?

ID: 9a67367f Answer

Correct Answer: 33

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given in the table that the coordinates of two points on a line in the xy-plane are and
. The y-intercept is another point on the line. The slope computed using any pair of points from the line will
be the same. The slope of a line, , between any two points, and , on the line can be calculated using
the slope formula, . It follows that the slope of the line with the given points from the table, and
, is , which is equivalent to , or . It's given that the y-intercept of the line is
. Substituting for and the coordinates of the points and into the slope formula yields
, which is equivalent to , or . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields
. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation
by yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID efaeaf88
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: efaeaf88

The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?

ID: efaeaf88 Answer

Correct Answer: 20

Rationale

The correct answer is . Adding the first equation to the second equation in the given system yields
, or . Adding to both sides of this equation yields .
Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 95cc0b50
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: 95cc0b50

The graph of in the -plane has an -intercept at and a -intercept at ,

where and are constants. What is the value of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 95cc0b50 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The x-coordinate of the x-intercept can be found by substituting for in the given equation,
which gives , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the
value of is . The y-coordinate of the y-intercept can be found by substituting for in the given equation,
which gives , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the
value of is . It follows that the value of is , which is equivalent to , or .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e4db4454
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

two variables

ID: e4db4454

Line is defined by . Line is perpendicular to line in the xy-plane. What is the

slope of line ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e4db4454 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that line is defined by . This equation can be written in slope-
intercept form , where is the slope of line and is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of line . Adding
to both sides of yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields
. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the slope of line is
. It’s given that line is perpendicular to line in the xy-plane. Two lines are perpendicular if their slopes are negative
reciprocals, meaning that the slope of the first line is equal to divided by the slope of the second line. Therefore, the
slope of line is the negative reciprocal of the slope of line . The negative reciprocal of is , or . Therefore,
the slope of line is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the slope of a line in the xy-plane that is parallel, not perpendicular, to line .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the reciprocal, not the negative reciprocal, of .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the negative, not the negative reciprocal, of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8ac533d5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities in Hard

one or two variables

ID: 8ac533d5

A business owner plans to purchase the same model of chair for each of the employees. The total
budget to spend on these chairs is , which includes a sales tax. Which of the following is
closest to the maximum possible price per chair, before sales tax, the business owner could pay based on
this budget?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 8ac533d5 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that a business owner plans to purchase chairs. If is the price per chair, the total price
of purchasing chairs is . It’s also given that sales tax is included, which is equivalent to multiplied by
, or . Since the total budget is , the inequality representing the situation is given by
. Dividing both sides of this inequality by and rounding the result to two decimal places
gives . To not exceed the budget, the maximum possible price per chair is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the maximum possible price per chair including sales tax, not the maximum possible price
per chair before sales tax.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the maximum possible price if the sales tax is added to the total budget, not the maximum
possible price per chair before sales tax.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID df8ae774
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

one variable

ID: df8ae774

In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no solution. What is the value of ?

ID: df8ae774 Answer

Correct Answer: .9411, .9412, 16/17

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the equation has no solution. A linear equation in the
form , where , , , and are constants, has no solution only when the coefficients of on each side
of the equation are equal and the constant terms aren't equal. Dividing both sides of the given equation by yields
, or . Since the coefficients of on each side of the equation must be
equal, it follows that the value of is . Note that 16/17, .9411, .9412, and 0.941 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 70474bfb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in Hard

one variable

ID: 70474bfb

Each side of a -sided polygon has one of three lengths. The number of sides with length
is times the number of sides with length . There are sides with length
. Which equation must be true for the value of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 70474bfb Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that each side of a -sided polygon has one of three lengths. It's also given that the
number of sides with length is times the number of sides with length . Therefore, there
are , or , sides with length . It’s also given that there are sides with length . Therefore, the number of
, , and sides are , , and , respectively. Since there are a total of sides, the equation
represents this situation. Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation yields
. Therefore, the equation that must be true for the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0b28166c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two linear Hard

equations in two
variables

ID: 0b28166c

If a new graph of three linear equations is created using the system of equations shown and the equation
, how many solutions will the resulting system of three equations have?
A. Zero

B. Exactly one

C. Exactly two

D. Infinitely many

ID: 0b28166c Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. A solution to a system of equations must satisfy each equation in the system. It follows that if an
ordered pair is a solution to the system, the point lies on the graph in the xy-plane of each equation in the
system. The only point that lies on each graph of the system of two linear equations shown is their intersection point
. It follows that if a new graph of three linear equations is created using the system of equations shown and the
graph of , this system has either zero solutions or one solution, the point . Substituting for and
for in the equation yields , or . Since this equation is not true, the point
does not lie on the graph of . Therefore, is not a solution to the system of three equations. It
follows that there are zero solutions to this system.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d1dd92d8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: d1dd92d8

The number of zebras in a population in was times the number of zebras in this population in
. If the number of zebras in this population in is of the number of zebras in this population
in , what is the value of , to the nearest whole number?

ID: d1dd92d8 Answer

Correct Answer: 79

Rationale

The correct answer is . Let represent the number of zebras in the population in and let represent the number
of zebras in the population in . It’s given that the number of zebras in this population in was times the
number of zebras in this population in . It follows that the equation represents this situation. Dividing
both sides of this equation by yields , or . Therefore, the number of zebras in this population
in is times the number of zebras in this population in . If the number of zebras in this population in
is of the number of zebras in this population in , then . It follows that , or , which
means is approximately equal to . Therefore, the value of , to the nearest whole number, is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 11059bb6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 11059bb6

In , Zinah earned more than in , and in Zinah earned more than in . If Zinah
earned times as much in as in , what is the value of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 11059bb6 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that in Zinah earned more than in . Let represent the amount Zinah
earned in and let represent the amount that Zinah earned in . This situation can be represented by the
equation , or . It’s also given that in Zinah earned more than in . Let
represent the amount Zinah earned in . This situation can be represented by the equation , or
. Substituting for in the equation yields , or . If Zinah
earned times as much in as in , then the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0f1d42fd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 0f1d42fd

The density of a certain type of wood is kilograms per cubic meter. A sample of this type of wood is
in the shape of a cube and has a mass of kilograms. To the nearest hundredth of a meter, what is the
length of one edge of this sample?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 0f1d42fd Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that the density of a certain type of wood is kilograms per cubic meter , and
a sample of this type of wood has a mass of . Let represent the volume, in , of the sample. It follows that the
relationship between the density, mass, and volume of this sample can be written
as , or . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Dividing both sides
of this equation by yields . Therefore, the volume of this sample is . Since it’s given that the sample
of this type of wood is a cube, it follows that the length of one edge of this sample can be found using the volume
formula for a cube, , where represents the volume, in , and represents the length, in m, of one edge of the
cube. Substituting for in this formula yields . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields
, or . Therefore, the length of one edge of this sample to the nearest hundredth of a meter is .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7989c1bb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 7989c1bb

A certain town has an area of square miles. What is the area, in square yards, of this town?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 7989c1bb Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Since the number of yards in mile is , the number of square yards in square mile is
. Therefore, if the area of the town is square miles, it is
, in square yards.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from dividing the number of yards in a mile by the square mileage of the town.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from multiplying the number of yards in a mile by the square mileage of the town.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from dividing the number of square yards in a square mile by the square mileage of
the town.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9198f2d6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 9198f2d6

The table shown summarizes the number of employees at each of the restaurants in a town.
Number of employees Number of restaurants

to

to

to

to

to
Which of the following could be the median number of employees for the restaurants in this town?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 9198f2d6 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. If a data set contains an odd number of data values, the median is represented by the middle data
value in the list when the data values are listed in ascending or descending order. Since the numbers of employees are
given as ranges of values rather than specific values, it's only possible to determine the range in which the median falls,
rather than the exact median. Since there are restaurants included in the data set and the numbers of employees are
listed in ascending order, it follows that the median number of employees will be represented by the ninth restaurant in
the list. Since the first restaurants each have to employees, numbers of employees in the to range would be
represented by the first and second restaurants in the list. The next restaurants each have to employees.
Therefore, numbers of employees in the to range will be represented by the third through sixth restaurants in the list.
The next restaurants each have to employees. Therefore, numbers of employees in the to range will be
represented by the seventh and eighth restaurants in the list. Since the next restaurants each have to employees,
numbers of employees in the to range will be represented by the ninth through fifteenth restaurants in the list. This
means that the ninth restaurant in the list, which has the median number of employees for the restaurants in this town,
has a number of employees in the to range. Of the given choices, the only number of employees in the to
range is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the position of the median in the list, not the value of the median.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID ea2c91c1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: ea2c91c1

For an electric field passing through a flat surface perpendicular to it, the electric flux of the electric field
through the surface is the product of the electric field’s strength and the area of the surface. A certain flat
surface consists of two adjacent squares, where the side length, in meters, of the larger square is times
the side length, in meters, of the smaller square. An electric field with strength volts per meter
passes uniformly through this surface, which is perpendicular to the electric field. If the total electric flux
of the electric field through this surface is , what is the electric flux, in
, of the electric field through the larger square?

ID: ea2c91c1 Answer

Correct Answer: 4176

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the side length of the larger square is times the side length of the smaller
square. This means that the area of the larger square is , or , times the area of the smaller square. If the area of the
smaller square is represented by , then the area of the larger square can be represented by . Therefore, the flat
surface of the two adjacent squares has a total area of , or . It’s given that an electric field with strength
volts per meter passes uniformly through this surface and the total electric flux of the electric field through this
surface is . Since it's given that the electric flux is the product of the electric field’s strength and the
area of the surface, the equation , or , can be used to represent this situation.
Dividing each side of this equation by yields . Substituting for in the expression for the area of the larger
square, , yields , or , square meters. Since the area of the larger square is square meters, the electric
flux, in , of the electric field through the larger square can be determined by multiplying the area of the
larger square by the strength of the electric field. Thus, the electric flux is , or
.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f59a7e23
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: f59a7e23

is greater than . What is the value of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: f59a7e23 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that is greater than . It follows that , which is equivalent
to , or . Subtracting from each side of this equation yields . Dividing
each side of this equation by yields , or .

Choice A is incorrect. This would be the value of if were of , not greater than .

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6baeb1d2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 6baeb1d2

of the items in a box are green. Of those, are also rectangular. Of the green rectangular items,
are also metal. Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the items in the box that are
not rectangular green metal items?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 6baeb1d2 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that of the items in a box are green. Let represent the total number of items in the
box. It follows that , or , items in the box are green. It's also given that of those, are also rectangular.
Therefore, , or , items in the box are green rectangular items. It's also given that of the green
rectangular items, are also metal. Therefore, , or , items in the box are rectangular green
metal items. The number of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the total number of items
in the box minus the number of rectangular green metal items in the box. Therefore, the number of items in the box that
are not rectangular green metal items is , or . The percentage of items in the box that are not
rectangular green metal items is the percentage that is of . If represents this percentage, the value of
is , or . Of the given choices, is closest to the percentage of items in the box that are
not rectangular green metal items.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7ffe93b2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 7ffe93b2

The number is less than the positive number . The number is greater than . The number
is how many times ?

ID: 7ffe93b2 Answer

Correct Answer: .48, 12/25

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the number is less than the positive number . Therefore,
, which is equivalent to , or . It's also given that the number is
greater than . Therefore, , which is equivalent to , or . Since ,
substituting for in the equation yields , or . Thus, is times . Note
that .48 and 12/25 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 91ac409a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and Hard

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 91ac409a

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.
– years – years years Total

Group A

Group B

Group C

Total
One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a participant
from group A, given that the participant is at least years of age? (Express your answer as a decimal or
fraction, not as a percent.)

ID: 91ac409a Answer

Correct Answer: .3833, 23/60

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that one of the participants will be selected at random. The probability of selecting a
participant from group A given that the participant is at least years of age is the number of participants in group A
who are at least years of age divided by the total number of participants who are at least years of age. The table
shows that in group A, there are participants who are – years of age and participants who are years of
age. Therefore, there are , or , participants in group A who are at least years of age. The table also shows
that there are a total of participants who are – years of age and participants who are years of age.
Therefore, there are a total of , or , participants who are at least years of age. It follows that the probability
of selecting a participant from group A given that the participant is at least years of age is . Note that 23/60, .3833,
and 0.383 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3f24389a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 3f24389a

The dot plots represent the distributions of values in data sets A and B.

Which of the following statements must be true?

I. The median of data set A is equal to the median of data set B.
II. The standard deviation of data set A is equal to the standard deviation of data set B.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II

D. Neither I nor II

ID: 3f24389a Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values that are in ascending or descending order is
the middle value of the data set. Since the distribution of the values of both data set A and data set B form symmetric
dot plots, and each data set has an odd number of values, it follows that the median is given by the middle value in each
of the dot plots. Thus, the median of data set A is , and the median of data set B is . Therefore, statement I is true.
Data set A and data set B have the same frequency for each of the values , , , and . Data set A has a frequency
of for values and , whereas data set B has a frequency of for values and . Standard deviation is a measure
of the spread of a data set; it is larger when there are more values further from the mean, and smaller when there are
more values closer to the mean. Since both distributions are symmetric with an odd number of values, the mean of each
data set is equal to its median. Thus, each data set has a mean of . Since more of the values in data set A are closer to
than data set B, it follows that data set A has a smaller standard deviation than data set B. Thus, statement II is false.
Therefore, only statement I must be true.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 6a18e6b3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 6a18e6b3

The box plots summarize the masses, in kilograms, of two groups of gazelles. Based on the box plots,
which of the following statements must be true?
A. The mean mass of group 1 is greater than the mean mass of group 2.

B. The mean mass of group 1 is less than the mean mass of group 2.

C. The median mass of group 1 is greater than the median mass of group 2.

D. The median mass of group 1 is less than the median mass of group 2.

ID: 6a18e6b3 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The median of a data set represented in a box plot is represented by the vertical line within the box. It
follows that the median mass of the gazelles in group is kilograms, and the median mass of the gazelles in group
is kilograms. Since kilograms is greater than kilograms, the median mass of group is greater than the median
mass of group .

Choice A is incorrect. The mean mass of each of the two groups cannot be determined from the box plots.

Choice B is incorrect. The mean mass of each of the two groups cannot be determined from the box plots.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 561942c8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 561942c8

The dot plot represents the values in data set A. Data set B is created by adding to each of the
values in data set A. Which of the following correctly compares the medians and the ranges of data sets A
and B?
A. The median of data set B is equal to the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to
the range of data set A.

B. The median of data set B is equal to the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is greater
than the range of data set A.

C. The median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal
to the range of data set A.

D. The median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is
greater than the range of data set A.

ID: 561942c8 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values, in ascending or descending order, is the
middle value of the data set, and the range of a data set is the positive difference between the maximum and minimum
values in the data set. Since the dot plot shown gives the values in data set A in ascending order and there are values
in the data set, the eighth value in data set A, , is the median. The maximum value in data set A is and the minimum
value is , so the range of data set A is , or . It’s given that data set B is created by adding to each of the
values in data set A. Increasing each of the values in data set A by will also increase its median value by
making the median of data set B . Increasing each value of data set A by does not change the range, since the
maximum value of data set B is , or , and the minimum value is , or , making the range of data set B
, or . Therefore, the median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is
equal to the range of data set A.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c6ad6232
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: c6ad6232

Objects R and S each travel at a constant speed. The speed of object R is half the speed of object S.
Object R travels a distance of inches in seconds. Which expression represents the time, in seconds,
it takes object S to travel a distance of inches?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: c6ad6232 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that object R travels a distance of inches in seconds. This speed can be written as
. It's given that the speed of object R is half the speed of object S. It follows that the speed of object S is twice
the speed of object R, which is , or . Let represent the time, in seconds, it takes object S to travel
a distance of inches. The value of can be found by solving the equation , which can be
written as . Multiplying each side of this equation by yields . Dividing each side of this
equation by yields . Therefore, the expression represents the time, in seconds, it takes object S to travel a
distance of inches.

Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the time, in seconds, it would take object S to travel a distance of
inches if the speed of object R were twice, not half, the speed of object S.

Choice C is incorrect. This expression represents the time, in seconds, it takes object S to travel a distance of
inches, not inches.

Choice D is incorrect. This expression represents the time, in seconds, it takes object R, not object S, to travel a distance
of inches.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3ee345a1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Two-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 3ee345a1

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . An equation for the exponential
model shown can be written as , where and are positive constants. Which of the following
is closest to the value of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 3ee345a1 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that an equation for the exponential model shown can be written as , where
and are positive constants. For an exponential model written in this form, if the value of is greater than but less than
, the model is decreasing. If the value of is greater than , the model is increasing. The exponential model shown is
decreasing. Therefore, the value of is greater than but less than . Of the given choices, only is a value greater
than but less than . Thus, is closest to the value of .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f95c357a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: f95c357a

Two data sets of integers each are summarized in the histograms shown. For each of the histograms,
the first interval represents the frequency of integers greater than or equal to , but less than . The
second interval represents the frequency of integers greater than or equal to , but less than , and so
on. What is the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: f95c357a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The histograms shown have the same shape, but data set A contains values between and and
data set B contains values between and . Thus, the mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.
Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B is the difference
between the smallest possible mean of data set A and the greatest possible mean of data set B. In data set A, since
there are integers in the interval greater than or equal to but less than , integers greater than or equal to but
less than , integers greater than or equal to but less than , and integers greater than or equal to but less
than , the smallest possible mean for data set A is . In data set B, since there are integers
greater than or equal to but less than , integers greater than or equal to but less than , integers greater
than or equal to but less than , and integers greater than or equal to but less than , the largest possible
mean for data set B is . Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data
set A and the mean of data set B is , which is equivalent to
 . This expression can be rewritten as
, or , which is equal to . Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the
mean of data set A and the mean of data set B is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the smallest possible difference between the ranges, not the means, of the data sets.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the greatest possible mean, not the smallest possible mean, of data
set A and the greatest possible mean of data set B.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the smallest possible difference between the sum of the values in data set A and the sum of
the values in data set B, not the smallest possible difference between the means.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 00048e15
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 00048e15

If and , what is the value of ?

ID: 00048e15 Answer

Correct Answer: .0625, 1/16

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that and . The equation can be rewritten as
. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . The equation can be rewritten
as . Substituting for in this equation yields , or . Multiplying
both sides of this equation by yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields .
Therefore, the value of is . Note that .0625, 0.062, 0.063, and 1/16 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5192a9a8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 5192a9a8

Data set F consists of integers between and . Data set G consists of all the integers in data
set F as well as the integer . Which of the following must be less for data set F than for data set G?
I. The mean
II. The median

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II

D. Neither I nor II

ID: 5192a9a8 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that data set F consists of integers between and and data set G consists of all
the integers in data set F as well as the integer . Since the integer is less than all the integers in data set F, the
mean of data set G must be less than the mean of data set F. Thus, the mean of data set F isn't less than the mean of
data set G. When a data set is in ascending order, the median is between the two middle values when there is an even
number of values and the median is the middle value when there is an odd number of values. It follows that the median
of data set F is either greater than or equal to the median of data set G. Therefore, the median of data set F isn't less than
the median of data set G. Thus, neither the mean nor the median must be less for data set F than for data set G.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6f43ec88
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 6f43ec88

The two box plots show the distribution of number of books read over the summer by the students in two
different English classes. What is the positive difference between the ranges of number of books read
over the summer for the two classes?

ID: 6f43ec88 Answer

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the two boxplots show the distribution of number of books read over the summer
by the students in two different English classes. In a boxplot, the first vertical line represents the minimum value of the
data set and the last vertical line represents the maximum value of the data set. The range of a data set is the difference
between its maximum value and its minimum value. In class A, the maximum number of books read is and the
minimum number of books read is . The difference between those values is , or . Therefore, the range of the
number of books read in class A is . In class B, the maximum number of books read is and the minimum number of
books read is . The difference between those values is , or . Therefore, the range of the number of books read in
class B is . To find the positive difference between the ranges of the number of books read for the two classes, the
smaller range must be subtracted from the larger range. Therefore, the positive difference between the ranges of number
of books read over the summer for the two classes is , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8fed560d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 8fed560d

Each of the following frequency tables represents a data set. Which data set has the greatest mean?

A. Value Frequency

B. Value Frequency

C. Value Frequency

D. Value Frequency

ID: 8fed560d Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is correct. The tables in choices B, C, and D each represent a data set where the values and have the
same frequency and the values and have the same frequency. It follows that each of these data sets is
symmetric around the value halfway between and , or . When a data set is symmetric around a value, that value
is the mean of the data set. Therefore, the data sets represented by the tables in choices B, C, and D each have a mean of
. The table in choice A represents a data set where the value has a greater frequency than the value and the
value has a greater frequency than the value . It follows that this data set has a mean greater than . Therefore,
of the given choices, choice A represents the data set with the greatest mean.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0a975aa5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Two-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 0a975aa5

For , the function is defined as follows:

equals of
Which of the following could describe this function?
A. Decreasing exponential

B. Decreasing linear

C. Increasing exponential

D. Increasing linear

ID: 0a975aa5 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that for , is equal to of . This is equivalent to , or

, for . This function indicates that as increases, also increases, which means is an
increasing function. Furthermore, increases at a constant rate of for each increase of by . A function with
a constant rate of change is linear. Thus, the function can be described as an increasing linear function.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This could describe the function , where is equal to of , not
, for .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d783308c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: d783308c

The number is less than the positive number . The number is greater than . The number
is how many times ?

ID: d783308c Answer

Correct Answer: .54, 27/50

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the number is less than the positive number . Therefore,
, which is equivalent to , or . It's also given that the number is
greater than . Therefore, , which is equivalent to , or . Since ,
substituting for in the equation yields , or . Thus, is times . Note
that .54 and 27/50 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 335fc7f5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 335fc7f5

A certain park has an area of square yards. What is the area, in square miles, of this park?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 335fc7f5 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Since mile is equal to yards, square mile is equal to , or , square yards.
It’s given that the park has an area of square yards. Therefore, the park has an area of
, or square miles. Thus, the area, in square miles, of the
park is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the square root of the area of the park in square yards, not the area of the park in square
miles.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from converting yards to miles, rather than converting
square yards to square miles.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 733b819d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 733b819d

Value Data set A frequency Data set B frequency

Data set A and data set B each consist of values. The table shows the frequencies of the values for
each data set. Which of the following statements best compares the means of the two data sets?
A. The mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.

B. The mean of data set A is less than the mean of data set B.

C. The mean of data set A is equal to the mean of data set B.

D. There is not enough information to compare the means of the data sets.

ID: 733b819d Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The mean value of a data set is the sum of the values of the data set divided by the number of values
in the data set. When a data set is represented in a frequency table, the sum of the values in the data set is the sum of
the products of each value and its frequency. For data set A, the sum of products of each value and its frequency is
, or . It's given that there are values in data set A. Therefore, the
mean of data set A is , or approximately . Similarly, the mean of data B is , or approximately .
Therefore, the mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e03f95ad
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: e03f95ad

Data set A consists of the heights of objects and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of the
heights of objects and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the objects
from data sets A and B. What is the mean, in meters, of data set C?

ID: e03f95ad Answer

Correct Answer: 41

Rationale

The correct answer is . The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It’s given that data set A consists of the heights of objects and has a mean of
meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the sum of the heights of the objects, in
meters, in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields , or meters. Therefore,
the sum of the heights of the objects in data set A is meters. It’s also given that data set B consists of the heights
of objects and has a mean of meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the
sum of the heights of the objects, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields
, or meters. Therefore, the sum of the heights of the objects in data set B is meters. Since
it’s given that data set C consists of the heights of the objects from data sets A and B, it follows that the mean of
data set C is the sum of the heights of the objects, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of objects
represented in data sets A and B, or , which is equivalent to meters. Therefore, the mean, in meters, of data
set C is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d02d4d17
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: d02d4d17

is greater than . What is the value of ?

ID: d02d4d17 Answer

Correct Answer: 600

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that is greater than . It follows that . Dividing both
sides of this equation by yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .
Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 134cf693
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 134cf693

The positive number is of the sum of the positive numbers and , and is of . What
percent of is ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 134cf693 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that is of the sum of and . This can be represented by the equation
, or . It’s also given that that is of . This can be represented by the
equation , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Substituting for
in the equation yields , or , which is equivalent to
, or . This equation is equivalent to ; therefore, is of .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f2fe78cb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: f2fe78cb

After of the original number of marbles in a group were removed from the group, marbles
remained in the group. How many marbles were removed from the group?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: f2fe78cb Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that of the original number of marbles were removed from the group. Let represent
the original number of marbles in the group. It follows that , or , marbles were removed from the group.
Therefore, marbles remained in the group. It's also given that marbles remained in the group. Thus,
, or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Substituting for
in the expression yields , or . Therefore, marbles were removed from the group.

Choice A is incorrect. This is of the remaining number of marbles.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the original number of marbles, not the number of marbles that were removed.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e351a82d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Inference from Hard

Data Analysis sample statistics and
margin of error

ID: e351a82d

Poll Results
Angel Cruz

Terry Smith
The table shows the results of a poll. A total of voters selected at random were asked which
candidate they would vote for in the upcoming election. According to the poll, if people vote in the
election, by how many votes would Angel Cruz be expected to win?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e351a82d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that out of voters responded that they would vote for Angel Cruz. Therefore, the
proportion of voters from the poll who responded they would vote for Angel Cruz is . It’s also given that there are a
total of voters in the election. Therefore, the total number of people who would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz
is , or . Since of the total voters would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz, it follows that
, or voters would be expected not to vote for Angel Cruz. The difference in the number of votes for
and against Angel Cruz is , or votes. Therefore, if people vote in the election, Angel Cruz
would be expected to win by votes.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the difference in the number of voters from the poll who responded that they would vote for
and against Angel Cruz.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the total number of people who would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the difference between the total number of people who vote in the election and the number
of voters from the poll.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 220d0de5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 220d0de5

The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value
of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 220d0de5 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that the number is less than . It follows that is equal to minus of ,
which can be written as . This is equivalent to , or . It's also given that the
number is greater than the number . It follows that is equal to plus of . Since , this can be
written as . This is equivalent to , or .

Choice A is incorrect. This would be the value of if were of , not greater than .

Choice C is incorrect. This is of .

Choice D is incorrect. This would be the value of if were of , not less than , and were of ,
not greater than .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 991f9871
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 991f9871

The number is greater than the positive number . The number is less than . The number
is how many times ?

ID: 991f9871 Answer

Correct Answer: .88, 22/25

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number is greater than the positive number . Therefore,
, which is equivalent to , or . It’s also given that the number is less
than . Therefore, , which is equivalent to , or . Since ,
substituting for in the equation yields , or . Thus, the number is
times the number . Note that .88 and 22/25 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 68c9e1f7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 68c9e1f7

A sample of oak has a density of kilograms per cubic meter. The sample is in the shape of a cube,
where each edge has a length of meters. To the nearest whole number, what is the mass, in
kilograms, of this sample?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 68c9e1f7 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that the sample is in the shape of a cube with edge lengths of meters. Therefore, the
volume of the sample is , or , cubic meters. It’s also given that the sample has a density of kilograms per
cubic meter. Therefore, the mass of this sample is , or kilograms.
Rounding this mass to the nearest whole number gives kilograms. Therefore, to the nearest whole number, the mass,
in kilograms, of this sample is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6801d39d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 6801d39d

The result of increasing the quantity by is . What is the value of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 6801d39d Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that the result of increasing the quantity by is . This can be written as
, which is equivalent to , or . Dividing each side of this equation by yields
. Therefore, the value of is .

Choice B is incorrect. The result of increasing the quantity by is , not .

Choice C is incorrect. The result of increasing the quantity by is , not .

Choice D is incorrect. The result of increasing the quantity by is , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID dc8ef67e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Two-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: dc8ef67e

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and , for data set E. A line of best fit is
shown. Data set F is created by multiplying the y-coordinate of each data point from data set E by .
Which of the following could be an equation of a line of best fit for data set F?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: dc8ef67e Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. An equation of a line of best fit for data set F can be written in the form , where is the
y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the line of best fit and is the slope. The line of best fit shown for data set E has a y-
intercept at approximately . It's given that data set F is created by multiplying the y-coordinate of each data point
from data set E by . It follows that a line of best fit for data set F has a y-intercept at approximately , or
. Therefore, the value of is approximately . The slope of a line that passes through points and
can be calculated as . Since the line of best fit shown for data set E passes approximately through the
point , it follows that a line of best fit for data set F passes approximately through the point , or
 . Substituting and for and , respectively, in yields , which
is equivalent to , or . Therefore, the value of is approximately , or approximately . Thus,
could be an equation of a line of best fit for data set F.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect. This could be an equation of a line of best fit for data set E, not data set F.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 63b7be29
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Ratios, rates, Hard

Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 63b7be29

To study fluctuations in composition, samples of pumice were taken from locations and cut in the
shape of a cube. The length of the edge of one of these cubes is centimeters. This cube has a
density of grams per cubic centimeter. What is the mass of this cube, in grams?

ID: 63b7be29 Answer

Correct Answer: 6.21

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the samples of pumice were cut in the shape of a cube. It's also given that the
length of the edge of one of these cubes is centimeters. Therefore, the volume of this cube is
, or cubic centimeters. Since the density of this cube is grams per cubic centimeter, it
follows that the mass of this cube is , or grams.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 443794ac
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 443794ac

The expression represents the result of decreasing a positive quantity by what percent?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 443794ac Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Let represent the percent by which the positive quantity is decreased to result in . The
value of can be found by solving the equation . Since is a common factor of each of the terms
on the left-hand side of this equation, the equation can be rewritten as . Dividing each side of this
equation by yields . Multiplying each side of this equation by yields . Subtracting
from each side of this equation yields . Dividing each side of this equation by yields .
Therefore, the expression represents the result of decreasing the positive quantity by .

Choice A is incorrect. Decreasing the quantity by yields , or , not .

Choice B is incorrect. Decreasing the quantity by yields , or , not .

Choice C is incorrect. Decreasing the quantity by yields , or , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c50fc439
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Evaluating statistical Hard

Data Analysis claims:
Observational
studies and
experiments

ID: c50fc439

A trivia tournament organizer wanted to study the relationship between the number of points a team
scores in a trivia round and the number of hours that a team practices each week. For the study, the
organizer selected teams at random from all trivia teams in a certain tournament. The table displays
the information for the teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week.
Number of points per round
Hours practiced
6 to 13 points 14 or more points Total

3 to 5 hours

More than 5 hours

Total
Which of the following is the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized?

A. All trivia teams in the tournament that scored or more points in the round

B. The trivia teams in the sample

C. The trivia teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week

D. All trivia teams in the tournament

ID: c50fc439 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that the organizer selected teams at random from all trivia teams in the tournament. A
table is also given displaying the information for the teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week.
Selecting a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that survey to be applied to
the population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. Thus, only the sampling method
information is necessary to determine the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized. Since
the organizer selected the sample at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, the largest population to which the
results of the study can be generalized is all trivia teams in the tournament.

Choice A is incorrect. The sample was selected at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, not just from the
teams that scored an average of or more points per round.
Choice B is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just the sample.

Choice C is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just a subset of the sample.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d2da7c69
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: d2da7c69

The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value
of ?

ID: d2da7c69 Answer

Correct Answer: 9.87, 987/100

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number is greater than the number . It follows that
, or . It’s also given that the number is less than . It follows that ,
or , which yields . Substituting for in the equation yields , which is
equivalent to . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9b0fb532
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and Hard

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 9b0fb532

A grove has rows of birch trees and rows of maple trees. Each row of birch trees has trees feet or
taller and trees shorter than feet. Each row of maple trees has trees feet or taller and trees
shorter than feet. A tree from one of these rows will be selected at random. What is the probability of
selecting a maple tree, given that the tree is feet or taller?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 9b0fb532 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. If a tree from one of these rows is selected at random, the probability of selecting a maple tree, given
that the tree is feet or taller, is equal to the number of maple trees that are feet or taller divided by the total number
of trees that are feet or taller. It's given that there are rows of birch trees, and each row of birch trees has trees
that are feet or taller. This means that there are a total of , or , birch trees that are feet or taller. It's given
that there are rows of maple trees, and each row of maple trees has trees that are feet or taller. This means that
there are a total of , or , maple trees that are feet or taller. It follows that there are a total of , or ,
trees that are feet or taller. Therefore, the probability of selecting a maple tree, given that the tree is feet or taller, is
, or .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3f215d34
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 3f215d34

The value of a collectible comic book increased by from the end of to the end of and
then decreased by from the end of to the end of . What was the net percentage increase
in the value of the collectible comic book from the end of to the end of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 3f215d34 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that the value of the comic book increased by from the end of to the end of
. Therefore, if the value of the comic book at the end of was dollars, then the value, in dollars, of the comic
book at the end of was , which can be rewritten as , or . It’s also given that the value
of the comic book decreased by from the end of to the end of . Therefore, the value, in dollars, of the
comic book at the end of was , which can be rewritten as , or
. Thus, if the value of the comic book at the end of was dollars, and the value of the comic book at the
end of was dollars, then from the end of to the end of , the value of the comic book increased
by , or , dollars. Therefore, the increase in the value of the comic book from the end of to
the end of is equal to times the value of the comic book at the end of . It follows that from the end of
to the end of , the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book was , or
.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book from the
end of to the end of and the net percentage decrease in the value of the comic book from the end of to
the end of , not the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book from the end of to the end of
.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book from the end of to the end
of , if the value of the comic book increased by from the end of to the end of and then increased,
not decreased, by from the end of to the end of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e5175dad
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: e5175dad

The dot plot represents a data set of the number of bursts for eruptions of a steam vent. If an
additional eruption with bursts is added to this data set to create a new data set of eruptions, which
of the following measures will be greater for the new data set than for the original data set?
I. The median number of bursts
II. The mean number of bursts

A. I and II

B. I only

C. II only

D. Neither I nor II

ID: e5175dad Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that the dot plot represents a data set of the number of bursts for eruptions of a steam
vent. The median of a data set with an odd number of elements is the middle element when the elements are in
numerical order. For elements in numerical order, this is the element. For this data set, the first elements have a
value of , and the next elements have a value of . Thus, the element in the ordered data set is and the median
number of bursts for the original data set is . If an additional eruption with bursts is added to this data set to create a
new data set of eruptions, the median of the new data set will be between the and elements in the ordered
set, which will also be . Therefore, the median number of bursts for the new data set will be the same as the median
number of bursts for the original data set. The mean number of bursts for the original data set is found by adding the
values of all elements and dividing that sum by the number of elements, . Since the data is shown in a dot plot, the
sum of the values of the elements can be found by multiplying each element's value by its frequency:
, or . Therefore, the mean number of bursts for the original data set is . If an
additional eruption with bursts is added to this data set to create a new data set of bursts, the mean number of
bursts for the new data set is , or . Since , the mean number of bursts for the new data set is greater
than the mean number of bursts for the original data set. Therefore, of the median number of bursts and the mean
number of bursts, only the mean number of bursts is greater for the new data set than for the original data set.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d0bebb2c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: d0bebb2c

Data set A consists of the heights of buildings and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of
the heights of buildings and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the
buildings from data sets A and B. What is the mean, in meters, of data set C?

ID: d0bebb2c Answer

Correct Answer: 44

Rationale

The correct answer is . The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It's given that data set A consists of the heights of buildings and has a mean of
meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the sum of the heights of the buildings, in
meters, in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields , or meters. Therefore,
the sum of the heights of the buildings in data set A is meters. It's also given that data set B consists of the
heights of buildings and has a mean of meters. This can be represented by the equation , where
represents the sum of the heights of the buildings, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by
yields , or meters. Therefore, the sum of the heights of the buildings in data set B is
meters. Since it's given that data set C consists of the heights of the buildings from data sets A and B, it follows that
the mean of data set C is the sum of the heights of the buildings, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of
buildings represented in data sets A and B, or , which is equivalent to meters. Therefore, the mean, in
meters, of data set C is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b869812a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: b869812a

The regular price of a shirt at a store is . The sale price of the shirt is less than the regular
price, and the sale price is greater than the store's cost for the shirt. What was the store’s cost, in
dollars, for the shirt? (Disregard the sign when entering your answer. For example, if your answer is
, enter )

ID: b869812a Answer

Correct Answer: 1.8, 9/5

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the regular price of a shirt at a store is , and the sale price of the shirt is
less than the regular price. It follows that the sale price of the shirt is , or ,
which is equivalent to . It’s also given that the sale price of the shirt is greater than the store’s cost for the
shirt. Let represent the store’s cost for the shirt. It follows that , or . Dividing both
sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the store’s cost, in dollars, for the shirt is . Note that 1.8
and 9/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5f6315e1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and One-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 5f6315e1

Data set A consists of positive integers less than . The list shown gives of the integers from data
set A.
, , , , , , , ,
The mean of these integers is . If the mean of data set A is an integer that is greater than , what is
the value of the largest integer from data set A?

ID: 5f6315e1 Answer

Correct Answer: 52

Rationale

The correct answer is . The mean of a data set is calculated by dividing the sum of the data values by the number of
values. It’s given that data set A consists of values, of which are shown. Let represent the data value in data
set A, which isn’t shown. The mean of data set A can be found using the expression , or
. It’s given that the mean of the values shown is and that the mean of all numbers is greater than .
Consequently, the data value, , is larger than . It’s also given that the data values in data set A are positive
integers less than . Thus, . Finally, it’s given that the mean of data set A is an integer. This means that the
sum of the data values, , is divisible by . Thus, must have a ones digit of . It follows that must
have a ones digit of . Since and has a ones digit of , the only possible value of is . Since is
larger than any of the integers shown, the largest integer from data set A is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d683c482
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: d683c482

The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value
of ?

ID: d683c482 Answer

Correct Answer: 189/4, 47.25

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number is greater than the number . It follows that
, or . It’s also given that the number is less than . It follows that
, or , which yields . Substituting for in the equation yields
, which is equivalent to . Therefore, the value of is . Note that 47.25 and 189/4 are
examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3ea17fb0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 3ea17fb0

A gift shop buys souvenirs at a wholesale price of dollars each and resells them each at a retail price
that is of the wholesale price. At the end of the season, any remaining souvenirs are marked at a
discounted price that is off the retail price. What is the discounted price of each remaining souvenir,
in dollars?

ID: 3ea17fb0 Answer

Correct Answer: 203/50, 4.06

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the retail price is of the wholesale price of . Thus, the retail price
is , which is equivalent to , or . It's also given that the discounted price is off the
retail price. Thus, the discounted price is , which is equivalent to , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7dfb73de
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Percentages Hard

Data Analysis

ID: 7dfb73de

According to a set of standards, a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of

phosphorus by mass. If a sample of this substance has a mass of grams, what is the maximum
mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample can contain to meet these standards?

ID: 7dfb73de Answer

Correct Answer: .0014

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of phosphorus
by mass to meet a set of standards. If a sample of the substance has a mass of grams, it follows that the maximum
mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample can contain to meet the standards is of , or , which is
equivalent to , or . Note that .0014 and 0.001 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6a61db85
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Two-variable data: Hard

Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 6a61db85

The scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a certain bird spent in flight
and the number of days after January , .

What is the average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on
January to the length of time the bird spent in flight on January ?

ID: 6a61db85 Answer

Correct Answer: 4.5, 9/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a
certain bird spent in flight and the number of days after January , . Since January is days after January , it
follows that January corresponds to an x-value of in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when , the
corresponding value of is . In other words, on January , the bird spent hours in flight. Since January is days
after January , it follows that January corresponds to an x-value of in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when
, the corresponding value of is . In other words, on January , the bird spent hours in flight. Therefore, the
average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January to the length of time
the bird spent in flight on January is the difference in the length of time, in hours, the bird spent in flight divided by the
difference in the number of days after January , or , which is equivalent to . Note that 9/2 and 4.5 are examples
of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e8a6c1fc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: e8a6c1fc

What is the value of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e8a6c1fc Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. A trigonometric ratio can be found using the unit circle, that is, a circle with radius unit. If a central
angle of a unit circle in the xy-plane centered at the origin has its starting side on the positive x-axis and its terminal side
intersects the circle at a point , then the value of the tangent of the central angle is equal to the y-coordinate
divided by the x-coordinate. There are radians in a circle. Dividing by yields , which is equivalent to
. It follows that on the unit circle centered at the origin in the xy-plane, the angle is the result of revolutions from
its starting side on the positive x-axis followed by a rotation through radians. Therefore, the angles and are
coterminal angles and is equal to . Since is greater than and less than , it follows that the
terminal side of the angle is in quadrant II and forms an angle of , or , with the negative x-axis. Therefore, the

terminal side of the angle intersects the unit circle at the point . It follows that the value of is ,
which is equivalent to . Therefore, the value of is .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9f2728be
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 9f2728be

The graph of in the xy-plane is a circle. What is the length of the circle’s radius?

ID: 9f2728be Answer

Correct Answer: 10

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the graph of in the xy-plane is a circle. The equation of
a circle in the xy-plane can be written in the form , where the coordinates of the center of the
circle are and the length of the radius of the circle is . The term in this equation can be obtained by
adding the square of half the coefficient of to both sides of the given equation to complete the square. The coefficient
of is . Half the coefficient of is . The square of half the coefficient of is . Adding to each side of
yields , or .
Similarly, the term can be obtained by adding the square of half the coefficient of to both sides of this
equation, which yields , or .
This equation is equivalent to , or . Therefore, the length
of the circle's radius is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID fde10025
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: fde10025

A circle in the xy-plane has its center at . Line is tangent to this circle at the point . Which
of the following points also lies on line ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: fde10025 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that the circle has its center at and that line is tangent to this circle at the point
. Therefore, the points and are the endpoints of the radius of the circle at the point of tangency.
The slope of a line or line segment that contains the points and can be calculated as . Substituting
for and for in the expression yields , or . Thus, the slope of this radius is
. A line that’s tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius of the circle at the point of tangency. It follows that line
is perpendicular to the radius at the point , so the slope of line is the negative reciprocal of the slope of this
radius. The negative reciprocal of is . Therefore, the slope of line is . Since the slope of line is the same
between any two points on line , a point lies on line if the slope of the line segment connecting the point and is
. Substituting choice C, , for and for in the expression yields , or . Therefore,
the point lies on line .

Choice A is incorrect. The slope of the line segment connecting and is , or , not .

Choice B is incorrect. The slope of the line segment connecting and is , or , not .

Choice D is incorrect. The slope of the line segment connecting and is , or , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 32f6a450
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 32f6a450

What is the diameter of the circle in the xy-plane with equation ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 32f6a450 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is , where the
coordinates of the center of the circle are and the length of the radius of the circle is . For the circle in the xy-
plane with equation , it follows that . Taking the square root of both sides of this
equation yields or . Because represents the length of the radius of the circle and this length must be
positive, . Therefore, the radius of the circle is . The diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius of the
circle. Thus, yields . Therefore, the diameter of the circle is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the radius of the circle.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the square of the radius of the circle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9eeacc73
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 9eeacc73

A right rectangular prism has a length of , a width of , and a height of

. What is the surface area, , of the right rectangular prism?

ID: 9eeacc73 Answer

Correct Answer: 2216

Rationale

The correct answer is . The surface area of a prism is the sum of the areas of all its faces. A right rectangular
prism consists of six rectangular faces, where opposite faces are congruent. It's given that this prism has a length of
, a width of , and a height of . Thus, for this prism, there are two faces with area , two
faces with area , and two faces with area . Therefore, the surface area, , of the right
rectangular prism is , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 559068d5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 559068d5

A rectangular poster has an area of square inches. A copy of the poster is made in which the length
and width of the original poster are each increased by . What is the area of the copy, in square
inches?

ID: 559068d5 Answer

Correct Answer: 2592/5, 518.4

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the area of the original poster is square inches. Let 𝓁 represent the
length, in inches, of the original poster, and let represent the width, in inches, of the original poster. Since the area of a
rectangle is equal to its length times its width, it follows that 𝓁 . It's also given that a copy of the poster is made
in which the length and width of the original poster are each increased by . It follows that the length of the copy is
the length of the original poster plus of the length of the original poster, which is equivalent to 𝓁 𝓁 inches.
This length can be rewritten as 𝓁 𝓁 inches, or 𝓁 inches. Similarly, the width of the copy is the width of the original
poster plus of the width of the original poster, which is equivalent to inches. This width can be rewritten
as inches, or inches. Since the area of a rectangle is equal to its length times its width, it follows that the
area, in square inches, of the copy is equal to 𝓁 , which can be rewritten as 𝓁 . Since 𝓁
, the area, in square inches, of the copy can be found by substituting for 𝓁 in the expression 𝓁 , which
yields , or . Therefore, the area of the copy, in square inches, is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 82372955
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 82372955

In the xy-plane, a circle has center with coordinates . Points and lie on the circle. Point
has coordinates , and is a right angle. What is the length of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 82372955 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that points and lie on the circle with center . Therefore, and are both radii of
the circle. Since all radii of a circle are congruent, is congruent to . The length of , or the distance from point
to point , can be found using the distance formula, which gives the distance between two points, and

, as . Substituting the given coordinates of point , , for

and the given coordinates of point , , for in the distance formula yields

, or , which is equivalent to , or . Therefore,

the length of is and the length of is . It's given that angle is a right angle. Therefore, triangle
is a right triangle with legs and and hypotenuse . By the Pythagorean theorem, if a right triangle has a
hypotenuse with length and legs with lengths and , then . Substituting for and in this

equation yields , or , which is equivalent to . Taking the positive

square root of both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the length of is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This would be the length of if the length of were , not .

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 012489f9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 012489f9

Rectangles and are similar. The length of each side of is times the length of
the corresponding side of . The area of is square units. What is the area, in square
units, of ?
A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 012489f9 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The area of a rectangle is given by , where is the length of the base of the rectangle and is its
height. Let represent the length, in units, of the base of rectangle , and let represent its height, in units.
Substituting for and for in the formula yields . Therefore, the area, in square units, of can be
represented by the expression . It’s given that the length of each side of is times the length of the
corresponding side of . Therefore, the length, in units, of the base of can be represented by the
expression , and its height, in units, can be represented by the expression . Substituting for and for in the
formula yields , which is equivalent to . Therefore, the area, in square units, of can be
represented by the expression . It’s given that the area of is square units. Since represents the area,
in square units, of , substituting for in the expression yields , or . Therefore, the area, in
square units, of is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the area of a rectangle where the length of each side of the rectangle is , not , times
the length of the corresponding side of .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the area of a rectangle where the length of each side of the rectangle is , not , times
the length of the corresponding side of .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the area of a rectangle where the length of each side of the rectangle is , not , times the
length of the corresponding side of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c5a51dda
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume Hard

Trigonometry

ID: c5a51dda

A cube has a volume of cubic units. What is the surface area, in square units, of the cube?

ID: c5a51dda Answer

Correct Answer: 36504

Rationale

The correct answer is . The volume of a cube can be found using the formula , where represents the
edge length of a cube. It’s given that this cube has a volume of cubic units. Substituting for in
yields . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields . Thus, the edge length
of the cube is units. Since each face of a cube is a square, it follows that each face has an edge length of units.
The area of a square can be found using the formula . Substituting for in this formula yields , or
. Therefore, the area of one face of this cube is square units. Since a cube has faces, the surface
area, in square units, of this cube is , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 40789a56
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 40789a56

Circle A in the xy-plane has the equation . Circle B has the same center as
circle A. The radius of circle B is two times the radius of circle A. The equation defining circle B in the xy-
plane is , where is a constant. What is the value of ?

ID: 40789a56 Answer

Correct Answer: 16

Rationale

The correct answer is . An equation of a circle in the xy-plane can be written as , where the
center of the circle is , the radius of the circle is , and where , , and are constants. It’s given that the equation
of circle A is , which is equivalent to . Therefore, the center of
circle A is and the radius of circle A is . It’s given that circle B has the same center as circle A and that the
radius of circle B is two times the radius of circle A. Therefore, the center of circle B is and the radius of circle B
is , or . Substituting for , for , and for into the equation yields
, which is equivalent to . It follows that the equation of circle B in
the xy-plane is . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 429c2a72
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 429c2a72

A right triangle has sides of length , , and units. What is the area of the triangle, in square
units?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 429c2a72 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The area, , of a triangle can be found using the formula , where is the length of the base
of the triangle and is the height of the triangle. It's given that the triangle is a right triangle. Therefore, its base and
height can be represented by the two legs. It’s also given that the triangle has sides of length , , and units.
Since units is the greatest of these lengths, it's the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, the two legs have lengths
and units. Substituting these values for and in the formula gives ,
which is equivalent to square units, or square units.

Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the perimeter, rather than the area, of the triangle.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 33be0f76
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles Hard

Trigonometry

ID: 33be0f76

The equation represents circle A. Circle B is obtained by shifting circle A down

units in the xy-plane. Which of the following equations represents circle B?

A. msup

B. msup

C. msup

D. msup

ID: 33be0f76 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is , where the
coordinates of the center of the circle are and the length of the radius of the circle is . The equation of circle A,
, can be rewritten as . Therefore, the center of circle A is at and
the length of the radius of circle A is . If circle A is shifted down units, the y-coordinate of its center will decrease by ;
the radius of the circle and the x-coordinate of its center will not change. Therefore, the center of circle B is at ,
or , and its radius is . Substituting for , for , and for in the equation
yields , or . Therefore, the equation
represents circle B.

Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A up, rather than down, units.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A right, rather than down, units.

Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A left, rather than down, units.

Question Difficulty: Hard