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Properties-of-Fluids-Part-1

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27 views

Properties-of-Fluids-Part-1

Uploaded by

Joshua Mateo Esteban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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FLUIDS MECHANICS

ENGR. J BENEDICT MELGAR


PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Fluid Mechanics – is a physical science dealing with the action of fluids at


REST or in MOTION
TWO TYPES OF FLUIDS

IDEAL FLUIDS REAL FLUIDS

Assume to have no viscosity Exhibit infinite viscosities


Incompressible Non-Uniform velocity distribution when flowing
Have uniform velocity when flowing Compressible

No friction between moving layers of fluid Experience friction and turbulence in flow
IDEAL FLUIDS
1. Assume to have no viscosity (no resistance to shear)

2. Incompressible
- the volume of fluids will not change even the
fluids experiencing pressure

3. Have uniform velocity when flowing


4. No friction between moving layers of fluid
NEWTONIAN FLUIDS VS NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

NEWTONIAN FLUIDS NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS


BASE UNITS

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) ENGLISH SYSTEM


Force (F) N lb
Mass (m) kg slug
Acceleration (a) m/s2 ft/s2

Newton’s Second Law:


F = ma
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
!"
MASS DENSITY, ! ( ) SPECIFIC GRAVITY, gs or sg (Unitless)
$!

- The density of the fluid is its mass per unit volume - Is a dimensionless ratio of a fluid’s density to some
!"## %& &'()*, , , standard reference density.
! = -%'(!.,/
= /
) !"#!$%&'( *!"#!$%&'(
SPECIFIC
$
VOLUME, #! ( )
! sg = sg =
!"
) )%$(* *)%$(*
- Is the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid Reference Density is water at 4° C (39.2° F)
-%'(!.,/ / ! = 1000 kg/m3 = 1.94 slugs/ft3
"! = !"## %& &'()*, ,
= !
#= 9.81 kN/m3 = 62.4 lb/ft3
%
$" =
& sg = 1.0
!'
UNIT WEIGHT or SPECIFIC WEIGHT, & ( ) STANDARD VALUES OF SG OF COMMON LIQUIDS:
$!
0.)123 %& &'()*, , 4 Freshwater = 1.0
#= -%'(!.,/
= / Seawater = 1.03
'= ( g Oil = 0.8
Mercury = 13.6
EXAMPLE 1
One slug is equivalent to how many kg?
! #!
N = kg ( #!
) kg = N ( !
)

&3 #!
lb = slug ( ) slug = lb ( &3
)
#!
EXAMPLE 2
What is the mass density of fresh water in slugs per cubic foot?
51
If not given, the mass density of fresh water is !" = 1000 !"
EXAMPLE 3
The specific gravity of a certain oil is 0.82. Calculate the following:

a. The specific weight in kN/m3 and lb/ft3.


b. The mass density in kg/m3 and slugs/ft3.
EXAMPLE 4
A Liquid in a 1.13 m3 container has a mass of 814 kg.

a. What is its mass density in kg/m3?


b. What is its specific weight in kN/m3?
c. What is its specific volume in m3/kg?
d. What is its gravity force in F?
EXAMPLE 5
If an object has a mass of 22 kg at sea level,

a. What will be its weight at a point where the acceleration due to gravity g = 9.75 m/s2
b. What will be its mass at that point?
EXAMPLE 6
A vertical cylindrical tank with a diameter of 12m and a depth of 4m is filled with water to
the top with water at 20°C. If the water is heated to 50°C, how much water will spill over?
Unit weight of water at 20°C and 50°C is 9.79 kN/m3 and 9.69 kN/m3, Respectively
COMPRESSIBILITY
- Also known as coefficient of compressibility, it is the fractional change in the
volume per unit change in pressure in a constant temperature

∆"/" % Where;
!=− =& ∆$ – change in volume
∆$ 6 V – original volume
∆- – change in pressure
'(/" dV/V – change in volume (usually in percent)
!=− .# – bulk modulus of elasticity
'$

'$
#( = −
'(/"
EXAMPLE 7
A liquid compressed in a container has a volume of 1 liter at a pressure of 1 MPa and a
volume of 0.995 liter at a pressure of 2 MPa. Find the bulk modulus of elasticity of the
liquid.
EXAMPLE 8
What pressure is required to reduce the volume of water by 0.60%? Bulk modulus of
elasticity of water is 2.2 GPa.
EXAMPLE 9
Water in a hydraulic press, initially at 137 kPa, is subjected to a pressure of 116,280 kPa.
Use Eb = 2.5 GPa, determine the percentage decrease in the volume of water.

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