Scribd
Upload
11 views5 pages

Research Citation and Reference_cd7be120-f5b6-4911-ade5-5c0140c4e4fe

Research citation

Uploaded by

Prakriti Pokharel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views5 pages

Research Citation and Reference_cd7be120-f5b6-4911-ade5-5c0140c4e4fe

Research citation

Uploaded by

Prakriti Pokharel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Unit-2 Citation, Reference and Bibliography, and Plagiarism

Citation

A citation is a reference to a source. A citation is a formal way to acknowledge a


source that you used in creating a piece of content. A "citation" in research is a way of
acknowledging and crediting the source of information used in a piece of writing, by
providing specific details about the author, publication, and date, allowing readers to
easily find and verify the original source; essentially, it's a reference to a published
work that you consulted while conducting research for your paper. A citation identifies
for the reader the original source for an idea, information, or image that is referred to in
a work. In the body of a paper, the in-text citation acknowledges the source of
information used. At the end of a paper, the citations are compiled on a References or
Works Cited list. Citations are a way of giving credit when certain material in your
work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to
find that source again-- it provides an important roadmap to your research process.
Whenever you use sources such as books, journals or websites in your research, you
must give credit to the original author by citing the source.

Types: Different subject disciplines call for citation information to be written in very
specific order, capitalization, and punctuation. There are therefore many different style
formats. Each style has its own specific format for citing different types of sources, eg
books, articles, websites, personal communication etc. Three popular citation formats
are MLA Style (for humanities articles) and APA or Chicago (for social sciences
articles).

 APA ( Americam Psychological Association) style


Whisenant, W. A. (2003) How Women Have Fared as Interscholastic Athletic
Administrators Since the Passage of Title IX. Sex Roles, 49 (3), 179-182.
 MLA (Modern Language Association) style

Whisenant, Warren A. "How Women Have Fared as Interscholastic Athletic


Administrators Since the Passage of Title IX." Sex Roles Vol. 49.3 (2003): 179-182
 Chicago style
Whisenant, Warren A. "How Women Have Fared as Interscholastic Athletic
Administrators Since the Passage of Title IX." Sex Roles 49, no. 3 (2003): 179-182.
Why: scholars use citations not only to give credit to original creators and thinkers, but
also to add strength and authority to their own work. By citing their sources,
scholars are placing their work in a specific context to show where they “fit” within
the larger conversation. Citations are also a great way to leave a trail intended to help
others who may want to explore the conversation or use the sources in their own work.

In short, citations

(1) give credit

(2) add strength and authority to your work

(3) place your work in a specific context

(4) leave a trail for other scholars

(5) Transparency

"Good citations should reveal your sources, not conceal them. They should honeslty
reflect the research you conducted." (Lipson )

Reference

A reference" is a detailed citation that acknowledges the source of information used in


writing, providing full publication details like author, title, publication date, and
publisher, allowing readers to easily locate the original source and verify the
information presented. It's a way to give credit to the original author of an idea or work
by properly citing it within the research. References are typically listed at the end of a
paper, in a section called “References” or “Works Cited”. References should be listed
in alphabetic orders with authors’ last name.

Key points about references in research:

 Function:

References demonstrate academic integrity by giving credit to the authors whose


work has been used in your research.

 Components:

A typical reference includes author name(s), publication title, publication year,


volume/issue number (if applicable), publisher, and page numbers.
 Citation vs. Reference:
While a "citation" is the brief in-text mention of a source, a "reference" is the full
bibliographic information listed at the end of a research paper.
Why is referencing important?

 Academic integrity:

Avoids plagiarism by clearly indicating which ideas belong to other authors.

 Transparency:

Enables readers to easily access the original sources to verify information and further
their own research.

 Credibility:
Demonstrates the depth of your research and knowledge by citing relevant and
reliable sources.

Bibliography
A bibliography is a list of all of the sources that you have consulted in preparing your
research paper or other scholarly work, even if not cited them directly in your paper.
Bibliographies are typically listed at the end of the paper, in a section called
“Bibliography”.
It is useful for readers who want to learn more about the topics of your paper, or who
want to see a complete list of all of the sources that has been used. Bibliographies
should be listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
 Credibility and Verification:

A bibliography allows readers to verify the accuracy of your claims by checking the
sources you used.

 Acknowledgment of Sources:

By listing your sources, you give proper credit to the authors whose work informed
your research, avoiding plagiarism.

 Further Reading:

A bibliography acts as a guide for readers who want to delve deeper into the topic by
providing a curated list of relevant sources.
 Scholarly Communication:

Bibliographies enable researchers to trace the development of ideas within a field and
build upon existing knowledge.

 Academic Integrity:
Including a bibliography demonstrates that you have conducted thorough research and
are respecting intellectual property rights.

Question: Differences between citation, reference and bibliography?

Plagiarism
Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone
else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the
seriousness of the offense. It is the act of taking someone else’s work or idea and
passing them off as your own. It can be intentional or unintentional, but it is always
wrong and act of fraud. It is an act of intellectual theft.

According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source

The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is


protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of
expression fall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded in some
way (such as a book or a computer file). Some of the types of plagiarism are:

1. Direct plagiarism: the most used and obvious type of plagiarism. It occurs when we
copy someone else’s work- word –by- word but do not give credit to them.
2. Paraphrasing Plagiarism: This occurs when we rewrite someone else’s work in our
own words, but we donot give credit to them or acknowledge their work.
3. Mosaic Plagiarism: This occurs when we take pieces of text from different sources
and put them together to create a new work, but we donot cite the original sources.
4. Self-plagiarism: this ours when we reuse our own work without citing ourselves.

You might also like