Functional Document for Brain Tumor Detection Using LSTM-Based Deep

Learning
Project Overview
This project focuses on developing an automated system for the detection and classification
of brain tumors using MRI scans. The system leverages a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
deep learning model to improve accuracy and efficiency in diagnosis, assisting radiologists in
making quicker and more reliable decisions.

Objectives
1. To automate the detection and classification of brain tumors from MRI scans.
2. To improve diagnostic accuracy using an LSTM-based model.
3. To minimize false positives and negatives, ensuring reliable classification.
4. To provide a tool that aids radiologists in clinical settings.

Functional Requirements
Input Requirements
1. MRI scan images (in DICOM or standard image formats like PNG/JPEG).
2. Pre-labeled datasets for training and evaluation.
Preprocessing Requirements
1. Image resizing to a fixed dimension (e.g., 240x240 pixels).
2. Application of bias field correction and Gaussian filtering to improve image quality.
Model Functionality
1. Sequential processing of MRI scan slices using LSTM layers.
2. Extraction of key features to classify tumors as:
o Healthy
o Unhealthy (Tumorous)
3. Real-time inference for input MRI scans.
Output Requirements
1. Classification label: "Healthy" or "Unhealthy."
2. Visual heatmap highlighting potential tumor regions (if applicable).
 3. Performance metrics, including:
o Accuracy
o Precision
o Recall

Non-Functional Requirements
1. Performance:
o Achieve at least 95% classification accuracy on the test dataset.
2. Scalability:
o Support large datasets for training and evaluation.
3. Usability:
o Provide an easy-to-use interface for uploading and processing MRI scans.
4. Reliability:
o Ensure consistent and reproducible results across different datasets.
5. Security:
o Ensure patient data privacy and comply with relevant healthcare data
regulations (e.g., HIPAA).

System Architecture
1. Data Preprocessing Module
• Input: MRI scan images.
• Operations:
o Resize images.
o Apply bias field correction.
o Use Gaussian filter to reduce noise.
2. Feature Extraction and Classification
• Input: Preprocessed MRI scans.
• Model:
o Sequential LSTM layers to analyze slices.
o Fully connected layers for classification.
 • Output: Classification label (Healthy/Unhealthy).
3. Performance Metrics Module
• Metrics:
o Accuracy, precision, recall.
o Visualization of comparative results.
4. User Interface
• Features:
o Upload MRI scans.
o Display classification results.
o Generate detailed performance reports.

Implementation Phases
1. Phase 1: Data Collection
o Collect publicly available MRI datasets (e.g., BraTS).
2. Phase 2: Preprocessing
o Implement bias field correction and Gaussian filtering.
3. Phase 3: Model Development
o Design and train the LSTM-based classification model.
4. Phase 4: Evaluation
o Evaluate the model using performance metrics.
5. Phase 5: Deployment
o Build a user-friendly interface for clinical use.

Technologies Used
1. Programming Languages: Python (TensorFlow, Keras, NumPy, OpenCV).
2. Deep Learning Frameworks: TensorFlow/Keras.
3. Tools: Jupyter Notebook, Google Colab, or local GPUs.
4. Dataset: Publicly available datasets like BraTS for training and testing.
Performance Metrics
1. Accuracy: Percentage of correctly classified scans.
2. Precision: Ratio of correctly identified tumor cases to all identified cases.
3. Recall: Ratio of correctly identified tumor cases to all actual tumor cases.
4. F1-Score: Harmonic mean of precision and recall.

Significance of the Project

Potential Challenges
1. Dataset Quality: Ensuring datasets are well-labeled and representative.
2. Model Generalization: Preventing overfitting and ensuring the model works on
unseen data.
3. Ethical Concerns: Addressing data privacy and ethical use of AI in healthcare.

Future Scope
1. Extending the model to classify different types of brain tumors.
2. Integrating advanced visualization tools for better interpretability.
3. Applying the system to other medical imaging tasks, such as lung or breast cancer
detection.

Conclusion
This project demonstrates the potential of deep learning, particularly LSTM networks, to
revolutionize brain tumor detection and diagnosis. By leveraging sequential MRI data, the
proposed system achieves high accuracy and reliability, making it a valuable tool in clinical
settings and a step forward in AI-driven healthcare solutions.