1.

JPA Annotations
Annotation Purpose Example

@Entity Marks a class as a JPA entity java @Entity public class User { @Id private

(mapped to a database table). Long id; private String name; }

@Table Specifies the table name and java @Entity @Table(name = "users") public

other metadata for the entity. class User { @Id private Long id; }

@Id Marks a field as the primary key java @Entity public class User { @Id private

of the entity. Long id; @Column private String name; }

@GeneratedValue Specifies the generation strategy java @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy =

for the primary key. GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id;

@Column Specifies the column name for a java @Column(name = "username", nullable =

field and additional column false) private String username;

attributes.

@Basic Marks a field as a basic mapping java @Basic private String name;

(default).

@Transient Excludes a field from being java @Transient private String temporaryData;

persisted to the database.

@Version Implements optimistic locking java @Version private Integer version;

using a version field.

2. JPA Relationship Annotations

Annotation Purpose Example

@OneToOne Defines a one-to-one java @OneToOne private Address address;

relationship between
two entities.

@OneToMany Defines a one-to-many java @OneToMany(mappedBy = "user") private List<Order>

relationship between orders;

entities.
 Annotation Purpose Example

@ManyToOne Defines a many-to-one java @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "user_id") private User

relationship between user;

entities.

@ManyToMany Defines a many-to- java @ManyToMany private List<Role> roles;

many relationship
between entities.

@JoinColumn Specifies the foreign java @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "user_id") private User

key column for a user;

relationship.

@JoinTable Defines a join table for java @ManyToMany @JoinTable(name = "user_role",

many-to-many joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"),

inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "role_id")) private
relationships.
List<Role> roles;

3. JPA Query Annotations

Annotation Purpose Example

@NamedQuery Defines a static JPQL java @NamedQuery(name = "User.findByUsername", query =

query for an entity. "SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.username = :username")

public class User { }

@NamedNativeQuery Defines a static SQL java @NamedNativeQuery(name = "User.findByEmail", query

query for an entity. = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = :email",

resultClass = User.class) public class User { }

@Query Defines a custom java @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.username =

query for a :username") User findByUsername(@Param("username")

String username);
repository method
(Spring Data JPA).

4. JPA Lifecycle Callbacks

 Annotation Purpose Example

@PrePersist Marks a method to execute java @PrePersist public void prePersist() {

before an entity is persisted. this.createdDate = new Date(); }

@PostPersist Marks a method to execute java @PostPersist public void postPersist() {

after an entity is persisted. System.out.println("Entity persisted"); }

@PreUpdate Marks a method to execute java @PreUpdate public void preUpdate() {

before an entity is updated. this.updatedDate = new Date(); }

@PostUpdate Marks a method to execute java @PostUpdate public void postUpdate() {

after an entity is updated. System.out.println("Entity updated"); }

@PreRemove Marks a method to execute java @PreRemove public void preRemove() {

before an entity is removed. System.out.println("Entity about to be removed");

}

@PostRemove Marks a method to execute java @PostRemove public void postRemove() {

after an entity is removed. System.out.println("Entity removed"); }

@PostLoad Marks a method to execute java @PostLoad public void postLoad() {

after an entity is loaded from System.out.println("Entity loaded"); }

the database.

5. JPA Advanced Mapping

Annotation Purpose Example

@Embeddable Marks a class as embeddable, to be java @Embeddable public class Address {

used within an entity as a component. private String street; private String

city; }

@Embedded Embeds an @Embeddable object java @Entity public class User {

inside an entity. @Embedded private Address address; }

@ElementCollection Maps a collection of basic or java @ElementCollection private

embeddable types (e.g., List, Set). Set<String> phoneNumbers;

@MapKey Specifies a key for a Map collection. java @OneToMany private Map<String,
Order> orders; @MapKey(name =
"orderNumber")

@Lob Marks a field as a large object (BLOB java @Lob private String description;

or CLOB).
 Annotation Purpose Example

@Enumerated Maps an enum type to a database java @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)

column. private Status status;

@Temporal Specifies the temporal mapping java @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)

for Date or Calendar fields. private Date startDate;

@Formula Maps a field to a computed SQL java @Formula("YEAR(CURRENT_DATE) -

expression. YEAR(birth_date)") private Integer age;

6. JPA Caching Annotations

Annotation Purpose Example

@Cacheable Enables caching for an java @Cacheable public class Product { @Id private Long

entity. id; @Column private String name; }

@Cache Specifies Hibernate- java @Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)

specific caching public class Product { }

behavior.