MENDELS LAW OF SEGREGATION
MENDELS LAW OF SEGREGATION
PRINCIPLE: When two pure lines with contrasting features for a character are crossed, the F1 hybrid
show only one of the parental traits. The phenotype appeared are called dominant and one that doesn’t
appear is recessive. F1 plants are self pollinated in F2 generation, both the parental traits appeared in
the ratio of 3:1. The reappearance of recessive character in F2 generation verify the law of segregation.
REQUIREMENT: 16 yellow and 16 green plastic beads of same shape and size, tray.
PROCEDURE:
1. Put 16 yellow beads in one tray and 16 green beads in another tray which represents male and
female gametes. Let’s yellow bead be indicated as “Y” and green bead as “y”
2. Take one bead from each tray and place them in parts in third tray(fertilization). This makes 16
pairs and each pair with one yellow and one green representing heterozygous F1 individuals (Y,
y).
3. Put 8 F1 progeny i.e., 8 pairs of green and yellow beads in each tray and mix the beads.
4. Take one bead from each tray randomly and place them in another tray.
5. Note the genotype (YY/Yy/yy) of each pair and their possible phenotype (yellow is dominant
over green).
6. Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the data.
F2
MENDELS LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
PRINCIPLE: In dihybrid cross, the segregation of one gene pair is independent of segregation of other
pair for example. In Mendel’s dihybrid cross, when two pure lines differing in two characters are crossed
and their F1 individuals were self pollinated, 2 new combinations appeared in addition to parental
combination in the F2. The typical dihybrid cross phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1, which is product of typical
monohybrid cross, phenotypic ratio for 2 characters.
Parents:
Yellow red
Yellow red (9) yellow white (3) green red(3) green white(1)
REQUIREMENTS: 16 yellow, 16 red, 16 green, 16 white beads of same size and shape, trays.
PROCEDURE: