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MENDELS LAW OF SEGREGATION

The document outlines experiments to verify Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment using colored beads to represent gametes. The segregation experiment demonstrates a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation, while the independent assortment experiment shows a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation. Both experiments aim to illustrate the principles of inheritance through practical application.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views3 pages

MENDELS LAW OF SEGREGATION

The document outlines experiments to verify Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment using colored beads to represent gametes. The segregation experiment demonstrates a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation, while the independent assortment experiment shows a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation. Both experiments aim to illustrate the principles of inheritance through practical application.

Uploaded by

avrashiup.9a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MENDELS LAW OF SEGREGATION

AIM: To verify Mendel’s law segregation (Purity of Gametes)

PRINCIPLE: When two pure lines with contrasting features for a character are crossed, the F1 hybrid
show only one of the parental traits. The phenotype appeared are called dominant and one that doesn’t
appear is recessive. F1 plants are self pollinated in F2 generation, both the parental traits appeared in
the ratio of 3:1. The reappearance of recessive character in F2 generation verify the law of segregation.

REQUIREMENT: 16 yellow and 16 green plastic beads of same shape and size, tray.

PROCEDURE:

1. Put 16 yellow beads in one tray and 16 green beads in another tray which represents male and
female gametes. Let’s yellow bead be indicated as “Y” and green bead as “y”
2. Take one bead from each tray and place them in parts in third tray(fertilization). This makes 16
pairs and each pair with one yellow and one green representing heterozygous F1 individuals (Y,
y).
3. Put 8 F1 progeny i.e., 8 pairs of green and yellow beads in each tray and mix the beads.
4. Take one bead from each tray randomly and place them in another tray.
5. Note the genotype (YY/Yy/yy) of each pair and their possible phenotype (yellow is dominant
over green).
6. Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the data.

GENERATION REPEAT NO TOTAL GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE


1 16 Yy Yellow seed
F1 2
3
4
5
YY Yy yy Yellow seeded Green seeded

F2
MENDELS LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

AIM: To verify Mendel’s law of Independent assortment.

PRINCIPLE: In dihybrid cross, the segregation of one gene pair is independent of segregation of other
pair for example. In Mendel’s dihybrid cross, when two pure lines differing in two characters are crossed
and their F1 individuals were self pollinated, 2 new combinations appeared in addition to parental
combination in the F2. The typical dihybrid cross phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1, which is product of typical
monohybrid cross, phenotypic ratio for 2 characters.

Parents:

Yellow Red X Green White

Yellow red

Yellow red (9) yellow white (3) green red(3) green white(1)

Phenotypic ratio - 9:3:3:1

REQUIREMENTS: 16 yellow, 16 red, 16 green, 16 white beads of same size and shape, trays.

PROCEDURE:

1. Put 16 beads of each colour in four separate trays


2. Keep the tray containing yellow & red beads on one side and those containing green and white
beads on other side. They represent parents verifying yellow seed with red flower(Y,Y) and ( R,R)
and green seed with white flower (y,y) and (r,r).
3. Take 1 yellow, 1 green, 1 red, 1 white bead and place them together. Repeat the same till all the
seed is utilized. This represents F1 individuals (YyRr).
4. Take 4 trays and label them as seed colour and flower colour in male and female respectively.
5. In the tray labelled as seed colour from male, put yellow and green bead from another cluster.
6. In the same way in the tray, arrange the bead for flower colour for male and female respectively.
The tray represents F1 male and female individual. Mix the bead respectively.
7. Take 1 bead from each tray randomly and place them together till last bead is utilized which
represents 16 F2 individuals
8. Record the phenotype and genotype for each 16 F2 individuals and repeat the experiment few
more times
9. Tabulate the result for phenotypic ratio.
GENERATION REPEAT NO TOTAL GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE
1
F1 2
3 16 YyRr Yellow Red
4
5

Yellow Yellow Green Green


red white red white
1 16 YYRR, YYRr, YYrr,
2 16 Yyrr, YyRr, yyRR,
3 16 yyRr, yyrr, YyRR
4 16
5 16

F2 generation – Phenotypic ratio

Yellow red : Yellow White : Green red : Green white

____ : ____ : ____ : ____

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