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Definition of Weathering

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals through physical, chemical, and biological factors without material transportation. Physical weathering involves mechanical breakdown without changing chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters mineral composition through chemical reactions. Both types contribute to landscape changes and soil formation over time.

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7 views3 pages

Definition of Weathering

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals through physical, chemical, and biological factors without material transportation. Physical weathering involves mechanical breakdown without changing chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters mineral composition through chemical reactions. Both types contribute to landscape changes and soil formation over time.

Uploaded by

lulukpop85
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of Weathering

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks, minerals,


and soils due to physical, chemical, and biological factors. It
occurs in place (in situ) without transportation of materials.
Types of Weathering: Physical & Chemical
1. Physical Weathering (Mechanical Weathering)
Definition: Physical weathering is the breakdown of rocks
into smaller pieces without changing their chemical
composition. It is caused by environmental factors like
temperature changes, pressure, and water.
Causes of Physical Weathering:
1. Temperature Changes (Thermal Expansion &
Contraction) – Rocks expand when heated and
contract when cooled, causing cracks.
2. Frost Action (Freeze-Thaw) – Water enters cracks,
freezes, expands, and breaks the rock apart.
3. Pressure Release (Exfoliation) – Overlying rock
layers are removed, causing the rock beneath to expand
and crack.
4. Abrasion (Wind, Water, and Ice Erosion) – Particles
carried by wind or water wear down rock surfaces.
5. Plant Roots & Animal Activity – Roots grow into
cracks, widening them, and animals burrow, breaking
rocks apart.
Consequences of Physical Weathering:
 Formation of smaller rock fragments and soil.

Presented by :Ethan, Gloria,Kendall,Abdel


 Creation of landforms like talus slopes and rock arches.
 Increase in surface area, accelerating chemical
weathering.

2. Chemical Weathering
Definition: Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks
through chemical reactions, changing their mineral
composition. It is driven by water, oxygen, acids, and
biological processes.
Causes of Chemical Weathering
1. Oxidation – Oxygen reacts with minerals (especially
iron), forming rust-like compounds.
2. Hydrolysis – Water reacts with minerals, breaking them
down (e.g., feldspar to clay).
3. Carbonation – Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to
form carbonic acid, which dissolves limestone and
marble.
4. Acid Rain – Pollution increases acidity in rain, speeding
up rock decomposition.
5. Biological Activity – Plants release organic acids that
break down rocks.
Consequences of Chemical Weathering:
 Formation of new minerals (e.g., clay, iron oxides).
 Weakening and breakdown of rock structures.
 Soil formation and nutrient release for plant growth.

Presented by :Ethan, Gloria,Kendall,Abdel


 Creation of unique landscapes like caves and karst
formations.
Both physical and chemical weathering contribute to the
Earth's surface changes over time, shaping landscapes and
playing a crucial role in soil and

Presented by :Ethan, Gloria,Kendall,Abdel

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