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Fluid Mechanics PROBLEMS

The document contains various fluid mechanics sample problems involving pressure calculations in different scenarios, such as atmospheric pressure on a windowpane, water pressure at varying depths, and the application of Pascal's principle in hydraulic systems. It includes specific calculations for gauge and absolute pressures, as well as the forces exerted by pistons in hydraulic lifts. The problems are designed to illustrate fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics and pressure dynamics.

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nicoletskie Recinto
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19 views

Fluid Mechanics PROBLEMS

The document contains various fluid mechanics sample problems involving pressure calculations in different scenarios, such as atmospheric pressure on a windowpane, water pressure at varying depths, and the application of Pascal's principle in hydraulic systems. It includes specific calculations for gauge and absolute pressures, as well as the forces exerted by pistons in hydraulic lifts. The problems are designed to illustrate fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics and pressure dynamics.

Uploaded by

nicoletskie Recinto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluid Mechanics

Sample problems
Atmospheric pressure is about 1.0 × 105 Pa. How large a force does the still air in a room
exert on the inside of a window- pane that is 40 cm × 80 cm?
• Find the pressure due to the fluid at a depth of 76 cm in still (a) water
(ρw = 1.00 g/cm3) and (b) mercury (ρ = 13.6 g/cm3).
A reservoir dam holds an 8.00-km2 lake behind it. Just behind the dam, the lake
is 12.0 m deep. What is the water pressure (a) at the base of the dam and (b) at
a point 3.0 m down from the lake’s surface?
A 40-cm tall glass is filled with water to a depth of 30 cm.
a. What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of the glass?
b. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the glass?
Calculate the absolute pressure at an ocean depth of 1.0 x 10 3 m. Assume that the
density of the water is 1.025 x 103 kg/m3 and that P0 = 1.01 x 105 Pa.
A manometer is used to measure the pressure in a tank. The fluid used has a specific gravity of 0.85,
and the manometer column height is 55 cm, as shown in Figure. If the local atmospheric pressure is
96 kPa, determine the absolute pressure within the tank.
The lower half of a 10-m-high cylindrical container is filled with water (ρ =1000 kg/m3 ) and the upper half
with oil that has a specific gravity of 0.85. Determine the pressure difference between the top and bottom of
the cylinder
Consider a U-tube whose arms are open to the atmosphere. Now water is poured into the U-tube from one arm,
and light oil (𝝆 = 790 kg/m3 ) from the other. One arm contains 70-cm-high water, while the other arm contains
both fluids with an oil-to-water height ratio of 6. Determine the height of each fluid in that arm.
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
Pascal’s principle
Application of Pascal’s principle
PROBLEM:
In a car lift used in a service station,
compressed air exerts a force on a small
piston of circular cross section having a
radius of r1 = 5.00 cm. This pressure is
transmitted by an incompressible liquid to a
second piston of radius r2 = 15.0 cm.
(a) What force must the compressed air exert
on the small piston in order to lift a car
weighing 13 300 N? Neglect the weights of
the pistons.
(b) What air pressure will produce a force of
that magnitude?
1. Car’s weight = 16,000 N. What is the external input force F?
2. Area of A is 60 cm2 and area of B is 4,200 cm2, determine the external
input force of F.
4. When a button of a trash compactor is pushed, a force of 350 N pushes
down on a 1.3 cm2 input piston, creating a force of 22,076 N to crush the
trash. What is the area of the piston that crushes the trash?
5. The small and large pistons of a hydraulic press have areas of 2.0
cm2 and 4.0 cm2. If the load on the large piston is 3200 N, what is the
input force (effort) that must be applied on the small piston?
6. Suppose a force of 100 N is applied to a piston with a cross sectional area
of 5.0 cm2. What would be the force out (F2) if the size of the piston out was
100 cm2?
7. A trash compactor pushes down with a force of 500 N on a 3 cm2 input piston,
causing a force of 30,000 N to crush the trash. What is the area of the output
piston that crushes the trash?

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