28

39 The diagram shows a glass bottle containing air. The bottle is sealed with a cap. } >J
0~ g P;z-3

cap

--&--air

f A
The bottle has a weight of 5.4 N and an area of 9.2 cm2 in contact with the table.
-
Calculate the pressure produced by the bottle on the table. Give the unit.

?~ g, u.. "'e.,,- ':.;::; ti)y ~ " s, ½

"Pr-..-~ 9 •.)_

_ o--s~ t-J 1~~~

pressure - .... ... .. .... ..... .. .... .. ... ... ...... .... .... [3]

[Total: 3]

40 On a particular day, the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 105 Pa. A bubble of gas forms at a point
5.0 m below the surface of a lake. The density of water is 1000 kg/ m3• rv,) ~ l ~ A~} J
Determine

(a) the total pressure at a depth of 5.0 m in the water,

.:- 5 XI O Oo XI o

r .=- _56 I ODO p~

\ob-4\ =- 5o,ooo'i-\><l<'.)~ l ., s- X \ ~
pressure = ..............................................
pc, [3]
?~~~~
(b) the pressure of the gas in the bubble.

p ~ \ -~ )( )~ p~

) - 5
pressure = .............~.1. ..'.:~ ..... ~~....... [1]

[Total: 4]
 1

1 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.

sail

nch

~ \ ; - ~ ~£':-<'~,Y
Describe one non-useful energy transfer when the sailor uses the winch to raise the sail.
--
............ lh !!-:-:'"'f.r.n..~, .......£.nr:e-~_g~-...•. ....................................... .................... ........ ....... l11
[Total: 1]

2 The figure shows a farmer driving a tractor that has a diesel engine.

State the unit of energy.

JOLt lA-
• • • • • • • • • e • • e • • • • • • • e • ee • • • • ■ ■ • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ e ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■■■■■ I ■■■■■ I ■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ [1]

[Total: 1]

3 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block Bis lifted by a person.

 2

block A block B
mas s=70 kg
3.0m

ground
motor level

Both blocks are lifted at the same steady speed. The

blocks are then held at a height of 3.0 m.
(a) Com pare the energy gained by block A with the
energy gained by block B .

................. ~~...~~.~~.......................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why the energy input to the motor is more
than the energy gained by bloc k A .

.. .. .~.....~'n ~~~ ~··· ··· .~~··· \~~ k ......~..... ~

...... ~nl\~..1:: 1.~
.......... 120........~ : f . ~.S' l. .... ~ -~~x~ ~.....J.~......~-9..... J-:Ui;:.h\ i.~ .., .
...........................................................................................
................................................ [2]

[Total: 3]
 3

4
Two blocks, A and B, are joined by a thin thread that passes over a frictionless pulley. Block A is
ht/o/"'/e-.,__ (_§)
at rest on a rough horizontal surface and block B is held at rest, just below the pulley.

The diagram shows the thread hanging loose.

block A pulley
thread

block B

rough horizontal surface

(not to scale)

Block 8 is released and it falls vertically. The thread remains loose until block B has fallen a distance
of 0.45 m.

When the thread tightens, it pulls on block A which moves to the right.

Both of the blocks now move at a constant speed of 0.60 m / s until block B hits the ground and the
thread becomes loose.

Explain the energy change that takes place in block A after block B stops moving.

\ I ' ~
. .~.. ...
D L I \ Q s:...
·········~··&,...········J---··V.1. :e........ tL-42...c.~~ ~ "·'- ...................................................
.......u_o_
...... ..'b ...........-~-
k ....... ~- . ........~~~.~~ .......g~.,g_-:£~~·····!~ ..................... .
.•.. '~.~D
.C..,, '-...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-''-■J.~&.d.~
p. ~ v.. -~-...
:a.. . ..................................................................................................

······························•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• [3]

[Total: 3]
 4
)~(_ t( ✓ V
s A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.

Describe two useful energy transfers when the sailor uses the winch to ~a1se the sail.

1 .............Gh.o...-~.1.~\ .......~....... ~'\.~ B ..\ .).c.. ..........................................................

2 ....... C.~ ......\<~~~.~ .........~...........0.·.. f: .. !;~~·~···································.. ······ [2]

[Total: 2
 5

6 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person. ~M /'6 J~2----

block A block B
mass=?Okg
3.0m
ground

I
I level
I motor

Complete the following sentences.

As the motor starts turning, it usefully transfers ......... ~ \ ~ . \ ~.............. energy to

¥:.~~-~/. ..'fl.!s~!. ~--..P.~~~~n~igy.

Both blocks gain ....%:Y-C\.\J~~.... f!?.'\i:~~.~~). energy. [3]

[Total: 3]
~l\,,) :::.)/r--1. ]v/2-2--
7 Apart from cost, state two advantages of generating electricity using wind turbines compared with
using a power station that burns coal.

3?..~.~~:.>::~......i:.f.7).~ .~........~.<:1.Y..<.n~.l. .... ~~~.~...............................

1. ..............

2 ..................... ~.~h.-P...Y.O.~~.\:?.\.~... :..................................................................................... [2]

~~!Jr
[Total: 2]

'
)~ '2-r),e~~ \it> ~ ~ott)~ Lt ~oYe

~ ~~.Q..,~ _a~-rvA b~ b\~G(~ '-~,. .-

~ ' 2 - - e_'(\_,O_"<""l~~

'e.f\v;Yb'"''rt\A.~ oJ:,. ~"6'¥'(\c __\ -e~ ~.(_ to

_f'cti~"' L; "" rno?roY ) ,
8 Diagram A shows an electric motor and pulley whee
l being used to raise a load M. The elec tric
moto r uses a belt to turn the pulley wheel. s \/ ~/ :s- / 2,l,,
pulley pivot
wheel

electric motor

load M

Diagram A

Whe n the electric moto r lifts the load, it transfers ener

gy. Diagram B shows the energy transfers.
Write on Diagram B to complete the label in each box.
The first label is done for you.

useful energy
elec
....... trica
....... l
....... __tr_a_ns_f_er_s--1► ....... t.\~.t.\1..~.............. + .~~. \1.> .~.~ cz.l ..i.~¼.. ; , ..
ener gy energy energy

energy

Diagram B

[3]

[Total: 3]
~ 7

~ 9
The diagram shows parts of a coal-fired power station. ~1.-/11\1\ /..,-/ 'l--~

w
~ transformer

\}
~ y

~
~
I~

~ cold water

~ Describe two useful energy transfers in this power station. .

~ 1. .. f.b.e.f:'A:.c:>'i<.I..g_'l.~;J...Li.!:\...Co~!..). .... ~-..~ -'!nS 1./. . ~;;~. .,. .

-~ 2. ...TI;,.X!O:\M•. \/.k~;°"\... {~L~~~-~.!..0?.s:~1....~...\~:..~....(\1l:.A~IY')121
~ g.. '<l f ~ .s'k_q'fVl ~ \~r ' - 't)f t4ty{o> "'-'2- [Total: 2]

w 1-r t ~'\~~' 1< .. e. '\--o €~~.J··n~ \ -t~~j ,

10 Hydroelectric energy is a renewable form of energy.

~ State one other renewable source of energy.

~
.. . . .. .. . .. ~.\.0.-S:...g.0.~'i-/ .......W~ J..:.--~~.!l}j.................................................... I1J

[Total: 1]
rn.
11 The mass of a canoeist is 65 kg.
\J
Calculate her kinetic energy when travelling on still water at 2.5 m Is.

:= ~i b5 ?(l,~-- ~2, S-
')....
energy= ........ ~~..:~ ...:.2......... [2]

J- -.,l l:, .s:-,.( ~ X .zs [Total: 2]

?- I~ ~

2..)·4oe.2- r(,..oz1 'l.-~

.;; Q.o '1, r ti.,.. ..... ____
.... 2.,c~ \~S--

~ 1 eoo -C)
Ic)
C 1-.ot.ll~
12 The diagram shows an electrically powered bicycle.

battery

electric motor

When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.

Consider this bicycle compared to a small motorcycle.

State two environmental benefits of the electrically powered bicycle.

1. ......~~..... ~ ~-~~-~-../...l.~.f?......~...~... f.;:,II.MbJ!o............................................

2. ..... _N. ~-.... ~\ ,:S:-...... f ·P. \~ -~°)]~-...................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
 9

13 The diagram shows an electrically powered bicycle.

"-lo~
p :>c..02.9-, =6<::::,z, ~
5o.., 6;:::, .--n 'rC")

~ 2--1-01) 000

.:::: 2..-2-xtc:> 6 cf

electric motor
--
When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.

---
State the form of energy stored by the battery.

[1]
···················c·b:r.t)J..~.\ .....E.ng_~s.~ ...
[Total: 1]

14 Hydroelectric energy is a renewable form of energy.

State one disadvantage of hydroelectric power schemes .

....~\:-:J.i!?..\ . .J.~l~.J.../ ...0.~~m..<:i.')../ ::S..~.~~.1.../..~\:::Y../.. ..~YE-c.... [1]

[Total: 1]
 10
,4\} M/u/24-
15 The diagram shows two vertical, cylindrical tubes and a cylindrical magnet all held in a vacuum.

fi1 ./ cylindrical
U magnet

plastic tube copper tube

(not to scale)

One tube is made of plastic and the other tube is made of copper. The two cylindrical tubes have
identical dimensions.

The magnetic field of the small, cylindrical magnet is extremely strong.

Initially, the magnet is at rest at the top of the plastic tube.

The magnet is released and it falls through the plastic tube without experiencing a resistive force.
The magnet takes 0.67 s to fall to the lower end of the plastic tube.

The mass of the magnet is 0.012 kg.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the magnet when it reaches the lower end of the plastic tube.

l --

I kinetic energy= ...........?...~.?.:-.1.:.?. ............... [4]

f [Total: 4]

I
)
°'-t·;:;
I
v-l.\
'\J .;:; 1j -+ °',ox
t
~' 6';}
~ 0 +
! -~ ,~ """/ 1.
 11

16 The diagram shows water stored in a reservoir behind a hydroelectric dam.

~\ / M} o }'2-1-

reservoir

150m

._._,-,---turbine

(not to scale)

State the form of the energy stored in the water in the reservoir that is used to generate electricity.

...........~-ye;~ -i-t:5°\A.ti,n.c.i.....J'?..\:1.!:\5.~..\........t~:-C'a-tJ·.................................... I1J

[Total: 1]

17 Water is held behind a dam in a hydroelectric power scheme. . 1 t1/'l) t2---

The water is released from the dam and falls a vertical height of 4\}m at a rate of 480 kg/ s. ~-I:--

(a) Calculate the rate at whi~ energy is transferred by the falling water.

~~~ :::_.B-r
~~(?_ ·\:

rate of energy transfer= ........... ~.)~~.'?/~............. [3]

-
t
J (b) The power scheme supplies a curren
t of 270 A at a voltage of 6000 V.

J Calculate the efficiency of the power sch

eme. l ::;_ a.1 V
t
~r ~' LA ~ ~ -~~ fl{ , f>.:,LD~-<' ou l-~ t- X 10 0
J
tl: ,~\ \ t'l f1L<. ~ 'po £ UJ2 ~
~
~ (oc oo X'25}-o )(l oo ~~\ o/4
t 1-f} . b X: lo o
~X :tot ,
2-:( \tO
) efficiency= ...................~\ ....................
.% [3]
) [Total: 6]
) 18 Coal-fired pow er stations provide elec
tricity for hom es and industry. '!.1/f'/ r,, f?... .,___

,
) A government decides to replace a coa
l-fired power station with a hydroelectric
pow er station.
Apa rt from cost, state two disadvantage
s of generating electricity using a hydroe
station compared with using a coal-fire lectric pow er
d power station.
1 . .. ......b~~
)
~.t ~...............................................................•................................
~ 2. ...........~.t: :)...... ... ~.~.?.............~\~~.~
..1)... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
...... ...... .... [2]
~
.,
[Total: 2]
) 19 Coal-fired power stations provide elec
tricity for homes and industry.
) A government decides to replace a coa
l-fired power station with a hydroelectric
pow er station.
) Apa rt from cost, state two advantages
of generating electricity using a hydroe
compared with using a coal-fired power lectric pow er station
station.
J
1 ............~1 l:-- .~ ........9.P·.0.-. ......l.er;:r.
3e. ...... ~ r-e:~.~ ... A................................................
2 ......... :~-~~-~~.......~ ......
u1~1.\J. ..... \~\.g, .. ~.................................
' ............ [2]

[Total: 2]
 13 @
T . nd
·3, ?- / F/N/ 'U., .
20
. he diagram shows some masses on a mass hanger attached to an elastic band. The ela stI c ba
is stretched by the masses.

rigid support

elastic band

mass hange r-----•

masses -----r- _-_-_-_i_

When the student pulls the mass hanger down, energy is stored in the elastic band as elastic
potential energy. ,---__
~

Describe what happens to this energy store when the student releases the mass hanger and it
moves upwards.

.......J~:\,~'3~-~-....f o\.~r:iP..~~'.L ....,'2.n.1:1::f~~- ......t.~!?:-:~'!:~.~~A-r ................. ..

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •~ • : •~• • •~• • • • • • • •\ . ~ , 0 . : ~ ~ • • • ~• • • • • • • ½: •~• •••.\ ~ •••••~••• ~•~ • h • • • • [2]

[Total: 2]

21 A baby has a mass of 8.0 kg The baby is carried from the ground floor to the bedroom. The vertical
height of the bedroom above the ground floor is 3.5 m.

Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the baby when it is carried from the ground
floor to the bedroom.
~<,,fe. ,.. MS Al,
!::J g. x 9" Q-,c~ •s;
~ 2':}-4, ~
~7t\
change •in gravI·tat·IonaI pot en t·IaI energy -- .. .. ..... ..... ............
'J'
......... .............. .... [2]

[Total: 2]
 14

22 Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy.

State two other sources of renewable energy.

1. Lt,-0 ~'-"·'" d..

..............\ ;-. .......................................................................................................................... .
2 ......... :r.~.J.. ~.,.................................................................................................................... [2]
~\e;.v
[Total: 2]
HJll~ ec~\.- i~
23 The diagram shows an outline of the main parts of a geothermal power station used to generate
electricity. Some parts of the power station are labelled. ¼/f-/t- l\/ 'i..\

cooling
•-- - -- - ·.-.·. -- -- -- - - --- ._. -....
-- -..---- .-.~- station
steam

State the names of the parts of the power station labelled A and B.
-
part A ........ J..~.~t. ~......................................................................................................... .

part B ..........~ ~-Q..f!... ~~Y.,. ............... ... .. ..... ........... .. .. .. ....... .... ........... .. ..... .... .... .............. .. [2]

[Total: 2]
24 Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy.
--
State two environmental advantages, other than being renewable, of a geothermal power station
compared to a coal-fired power station.

1. ............ W..j&.................)) -~~.o'. ..±....... -~~xi~~-~\~... --~ .... -%:t~?..!i.)... -~-~'..., .¼

2 • ••••••••••••• :J.~~'
~.~)..'...........N.<:?...... utLl1..<l......~~\0... ,. ••••••••••••• r21
••••••·····•················•••••••
[Total: 2]
 15

25 A power station burns waste materials from farm crops to generate electricity.

State and explain whether this process is renewable.

statement ......D ,., .,..,, ;:J -

,~~,.,.,;...~ t .........
\~ ).
.I\.- '-1- 0
····f·~....................... ................................................
~~LJ-{°C~
._\ j
explanation .... k~.,.$:........~.~.~ ...
k~ ......:Y.:~.¥-~·~b....(:t?....~.(-?..~.~~...;£ •••••••
·· ·················~~····.·TI);~ ~ .V>-.Ct-. t~ .......J~.!:'.: ~ ...~~ :O. .. :b.~\:... :.........••••••••••• ••••••
2
[ 1
[Total: 2]

26 State two environmental consequences of burning coal to generate electricity.

consequence 1. .... ,?.,t·-c... n

F~\,.... J .0......./..~.'?.f.f..a\.~.\...-~l~~ i. ··.~~).Y) •
consequence 2••••••• .C..~~.... ~~.~.. b.~.R...~fu.$.,~ j•••• 8~~t=~~~~ 0"\_ ~]

'I; {)o"t- ~ r--. .e...w '-\..b1<2

[Total: 2]

• \ )G ~q'2- ~ "<'<°'. Y--,,\ ""~~ /

l\.~ \\ ~ l t'\._5 0 y ~ "'"'\ ti V c; t:' ~ .Q ,""'\ \{\ ~ r<'-".f'\ ' ~~
Lo~v..UF'lC-'2 o£- -~"''\.to~ Dt c D~ \ r
 16

27 Electrical energy is provided to homes and industry from a coal-fired power station.

The main stages in the operation of a coal-fired power station are listed below. '?,\ jo/ N /'2-0

They are not in the correct order.

A The boiler produces steam.

B The turbine turns a generator.

C Thermal energy transfers to water in a boiler.

D Chemical energy in coal transfers to thermal energy.

E The generator produces electrical energy.

F Steam turns a turbine.

G Coal burns in a furnace.

Complete the flow chart to describe how a coal-fired power station works.

Insert the missing letters in the empty boxes.

0
!

~
J,

0
!
[fil
!

0
!

~
!
[!]
[3]

[Total: 3]
 17
"l,\)o/ N /1--u
28 Electrical energy is provided to homes and industry from a coal-fired power
station.
Some people are against the use of coal-fired power stations.

Give two environmental problems caused by coal-fired power stations.

1 ......~.\P..~.9-.~........w.~':'f..n~.n.~ .............................................................................
.........
..................................................................................................................................................
2. .....~~t-:f:"..... f.~.t \.~~..~..:(.).................................................................··......·····..··.... ·············
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■■■■■
I ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■
[2]

[Total: 2]

29 A man lifts 40 blocks onto a platform, as shown in diagram A. •2, ~f 6 / V\ l /2- 0

He lifts 1O blocks at once and does this four times.

A machine can lift 40 blocks at once onto the same platform, as shown in
diagram B.

Diagram A Diagram B

platform

man
40 blocks
If'

machine

{a) State the term used for energy gained by the blocks when they are lifted
onto the platform .

................ ......~~1Yit:'~~:\2.~D5.\ ........f.~~~\J~.~ ......~~:~'.::.5.~............................ [11

 18

(b) State how the energy gained by 4]lblocks when titted by :a man compares with the energy
gained by 40 blocks when lifted by the machine.~ ~

~....................
.................... °'.rn._Jl_
...................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 1 ]

[Total: 2]

30 A vertical tube contains a liquid. A metal ball is held at rest by a thread just below the surface of
the liquid, as shown in the diagram. 4 \ J 0 ) ,.,/ 20
-,~f'C'), I"\.°'' v~t"~½
thread

CD v~\.:,~~ \n~~cJ~
metal ball
~:
tube
~ .S't-'1..c, dil'j
liquid
it'
V .::; u:, ~ ~ .,.,l
\Jlz_~~¼ \~~~S4
~
sh-e_~ ~ l j. \ £9.,'Nl...,It'\.q'

Y;(l \.~ ~ ->

(not to scale)

The diameter of the tube is much greater than the diameter of the ball.

The metal ball is released.

YYl h
The metal ball has a mass of 2.1 g. It falls a distance of 0.80 m between being released and reaching
the bottom of the tube.

(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy transferred from the ball as it falls.
~.r,~ .=~~ 'rr);::62_ .. \ \l..O
~ '- o~ a I

:: ~ " ' \OX O, k

~ ~.. ,:x.\Ss >(\ox_ O,~
::: o. u\r 'J 0. 0 '+ 7
gravitational potential energy transferred =. .. .. .... .. ... .... ... .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... [2]
 19

(b) When the ball reaches the bottom of the tube, it has a speed of 1.2~ / s. Calculate the kinetic
®
energy of the ball at the bottom of the tube.

kinetic energy= ............\.'.~ .. ..•.. ~ f . ?."........ [3]

(c) Explain why the value calculated in (a) is different from that calculated in (b). G, Pi .= tc,, e+ ~
te,i~

................... _}.~~x~.s.\. ....:€n3."r.~&-......4:.......ws.<;: P.~.. r .................................•

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

31 The kinetic ~nergy of air passing through a wind turbine every minute is 7.?SJ 000 J. The electrical
o~ut of the turbine is 9.0 A at a potential difference (p.d.) of 240 V. '-1-i-f f ,.._, ~ J
Calculate the efficiency (%) of the wind turbine.
1

~,,
~~) ~~{
'

p == -'l-!-\o x4 ;::. 2· \ b ~ l-0

,..._
• ~ ::- l. L\ c:, X q )l{, 0 :::: \ 'l.9 (,D O 0

~b\\-4- l~c1;1 ~/P ~ ~~ooo/(o

€'{) ~r\Jl.~Y ·r;r::. +:l--OJOD~ l 2.. ooo Cd~)
efficiency = ............................... ...... ......... 0/o [5]

[Total: 5]

f{f e~c,~co/¼ - t l ~ O --

::-/f7~
erf-{ L-f l ;.-C"j .:: l oO ">L. ~ l 6 0
\2.. ¢() 0
=: ,i o/~
 20

32 A computer contains a transformer.

.
4 >)0 /'1 / 2,o \l
<;J/P iP
The input voltage to the transformer is 240 V. The output voltage from the transformer is 20 V and
the output current is .t.·3 A. ~<N+ ---

The efficiency of the transformer is 90%.

Calculate the input current to the transformer. :}_

1
:::. 1
0 /r-----
r~.oJ l
-- X loo C Va....+~&:,
-~/ p "D<6 q_'< \J1~ 1i ~

l\o-:... '1Z>X~ .,3 XlDo

,~ox- S..;n
~ X2..~ __ x l t')~ ;::; o, 11 ~
11\.oxtl"
current = .............9-.~~.\ ..f?r............... [5]
'-\J .t. fAc.lo ~~b 4 n
\
•
[Total: 5]

33 As an aeroplane dece\rates, its kinetic energy decreases. ls,,t/ 'M/ ::J / 2-<> l-<:>

Suggest what happens to this energy.

.............Th9,; -~~\.... L~'f'£li ~·······• •ft:!:r? .Js.u.~~.....,.D.... b.':f.~~.........

.............................
. ~~ ~~~
.... .... ¾ 'd¥~..!.............................................................................
..
[1]

[Total: 1]

34 A solar panel receives energy from the Sun and the thermal energy is transferred from the solar
panel to water.

State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of heating the water in a solar panel
compared with heating the water in a coal-burning boiler.

a~vantage ..l?..e.M.u/lG...b!&./.b.!Q.....C.:1:r.......f.;;,l.\11.h¼.j.... 1~~ ....XY.hn ~3...~u.

explanation ..... ~\B.....~t:\.~.~.1 J.S.J?..........~£ft?.~t.... / ....N.~...... n.~~..£% ............ .
.........~l~.Dh~....5..r....s..:.......................................................................
~;~~~;~·~~~;~.-.·.·.-,iXf g~.bY.8'..... £9....\:::.~~~.!1./ ..N9.°\......~Y.b.i.,s.~l.&.....s\. .~.\5),i J
~ ~

explanatl·on.. .. .. •..\l\?..U9'
.• •• .\ ....... :r.-:-::-;
~JJ.MD .~!1 ..........................................................................

...............................~.<'dJ. ....... f2~ .... ~ .':!'.,.\.~.?...\& .....( ":(.Q~J..)......S»..,.C.,i.~. t;J,. .• ...••..••••.. [4]
 21

[Total: 4]
®
35 The diagram shows an electric circuit. Ncttz- 0 _ ,,.. I \
~ ~ "~ \ U\\ '2 <\P'f<jj _. \'n

~ bc\.tb-~ry . ~ s
~~~
~

An electric current transfers energy from the battery to the filament lamp.

-
Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this circuit.

.....\.':\.on.. ...-£~~~·· ·~Mi ..v.,... ~.\i····-tb..~.....k~'tk.~~rj· ........ 1~....~.½.~t ..... .

'\

....... ~... ~1h~..-.~K'.~j••······~~.~;.f..~t~..;...1.q~\............~ ...½.~t................

............... g.r.~...... ,;~i... ~.................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

36 The diagram shows a plastic cup. The cup contains sand, an electric heater and a thermometer.

thermometer

electric
plastic heater
cup --sand

The power of the heater is 50 W. The mass of the sand in the cup is 550 g. The initial temperature
of the sand is 20 °C. The heater is switched on for 2.0 minutes. The temperature is recorded until
the temperature stops increasing. The highest temperature recorded by the thermometer is 33 °c.

(a} Calculate the energy supplied by the heater.

F- -= P ;,<t
~~,J..\W

-=- ~c OO:S-
~01:>t) J
energy = ... ... ... .. .. .... .. .. .. ..... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. [2]
 22

J
(b) Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of the sand, using
your answer to (a) and the
data in the question. (. ~~
E.. ~rn xcx .bT
E--
c. ~ -- t:: (, Du o ::: C) . ~ 4 q- -:J/C( c<-
m _5l b"1' f, ) u
Ss b \...3 '.:>-2-0

specific heat capacity= ....... ~.:.~½J...~/i.~s-.. [3]

(c) Explain why the specific heat capacity of sand may be differe
nt from the value calculated in
(b).

~...~.~ .~.:~.~...~.~'1'1·'if-·····~·P·v-!:-1.:€.&....k.~. '.P.:i.~....b~\~'.!.....~~ e9 •

.......~......~~.~~~~.~.: .. ~~£.~~.~>r.-... ~.P ,~~....~t~,__ ..k~\D ~'I- 4

/'~ Q \
~ ~~ ~ f ) ~ ~d.. .~ 0 ..JZ-
~b~~
<'~ _
~-- ~
SU'1 'l'lvtV\c d \ ~
[Total: 7]
'S°. ~~ V\ '°'\ll ~"
c---~ ~\;-. A£. ~ fLV --~~ s ~..Le J~G ~ - \ - -
37 The diagram shows a wind turbine.
~p~ cJ ~ wt{ t b.-e.., h~~-,(r.

Describe how the wind turbine produces electrical energy

....t \.n~'.85 ... ~n .J: :r.,1:1...( oS:..!d.i:'O.,A../~\..'x..)......~~.L/ .. A~.~...............

..........k-:<.k?:t..n.~ 0
c·..lz~ d~.. ) ..:-:...~Y.Q......... ~'-n .~h
••••••
0 '--',.,.,~ •l•(c.A
v" J -'\\)
•••••••• ••••~• J ••••••••• ••••

..............~~~.~l ......lh .. ;.. ~~~ -eH ~ ~.~.l.d.., .................................................... .

0•-x c: .....~Jl

.................•....•..•......••...•.....................................................................
............................... ........ (3]

[Total: 3]
 23

38 The diagram shows an electric circuit.

An electric current transfers energy from the battery to the filament lamp.

State the two forms of energy emitted by the filament lamp.

L,°'~\_ ~-"~
1• ·················O····"'····~'·~-·~·a····································································· ····························
2............... ~.~~b.....9.<1.a...'i'.&8·· .. ······................................................................................... [21

[Total: 2]

39 Wind turbines are used in many countries to replace coal-fired power stations.

State one disadvantage of using wind turbines compared to coal-fired power stations .

...1>.,;,_ ....Y.l.?.r......L.~.n.t;,.b.£~....... ? .....i \Q~-0.I...~-S.'f.~j_;!\-c§ ·••··-···················

........~~~0\:,..\ ~........................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 1]
 A'J,,/f/N ( 'NJ
40 The diagram shows a model of a wind turbine used to demonstrate the use of wind energy to
generate electricity. The wind is blowing towards the model, as shown.

turbine blades
/
/
/ \
I
I \_...-circular area swept out
I
1 by turbine blades
I I
I

-✓~wind
\
\

''

The mass of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each second is
'f"lJ 7.5 kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each second is 240 J.
' J

Calculate the speed of the air.

~~)s
speed= .............................................. [3]

V:::; [Total: 3)

~~) ½ 0
'2- X1-'1 ~ x 10
-
c::..
·-
......, Lx~x fu
-+:~
--:,-~ -~
>

~t,
- (:2?)2- 'l
2.. -- ~f'