백석2 9지문 (2)
백석2 9지문 (2)
STEP 2 : 종합 TEST
consequence is that the jobs of some autoworkers will be lost to [domestic / foreign]32)
competition. Why? The tariff that protects steelworkers [rises / raises]33) the price of the steel
that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars. A__ ___ __________34) domestic
automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their cars, [making / made]35) them
relatively [more / less]36) [attractive / charming / tempting]37) than foreign cars. Raising prices
[tend / tends]38) to [boost / reduce]39) domestic car sales, so some domestic autoworkers
[gain / lose]40) their jobs.
정책을 평가할 때, 사람들은 그것이 어떤 특정한 문제를 어떻게 해결할 것인가에 집중하는 경향이 있으며, 그 정책이 가질 수 있는 다
른 효과는 무시하거나 경시한다. 경제학자들은 종종 이 상황을 의도하지 않은 결과의 법칙이라고 부른다. 예를 들어, 국내 철강 노동자
들의 일자리를 보호하기 위해 수입된 철강에 관세를 부과한다고 가정해 보자. 만약 당신이 충분히 높은 관세를 부과한다면, 그들의 일
자리는 실제로 외국 철강 회사들과의 경쟁으로부터 보호될 것이다. 그러나 하나의 의도하지 않은 결과는 일부 자동차 노동자들의 일자
리가 외국 경쟁사에 빼앗기게 된다는 것이다. 왜일까? 철강 노동자들을 보호하는 관세는 국내 자동차 제조업체들이 자동차를 만드는 데
필요한 철강의 가격을 높인다. 그 결과, 국내 자동차 제조업체들은 자동차 가격을 인상해야 하고, 국산차를 외제 차에 비해 상대적으로
덜 매력적이게 만든다. 가격을 올리는 것은 국산 차 판매를 줄이는 경향이 있어서, 일부 국내 자동차 노동자들은 일자리를 잃는다.
고2 2023년 6월 36번
STEP 3 : 순서배열41)
When evaluating a policy, people tend to concentrate on how the policy will fix some particular problem
while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may have.
[A] Economists often refer to this situation as The Law of Unintended Consequences. For instance, suppose
that you impose a tariff on imported steel in order to protect the jobs of domestic steelworkers.
[B] Why? The tariff that protects steelworkers raises the price of the steel that domestic automobile makers
need to build their cars. As a result, domestic automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their
cars, making them relatively less attractive than foreign cars. Raising prices tends to reduce domestic car
sales, so some domestic autoworkers lose their jobs.
[C] If you impose a high enough tariff, their jobs will indeed be protected from competition by foreign steel
companies. But an unintended consequence is that the jobs of some autoworkers will be lost to foreign
competition.
STEP 4 : 문장삽입42)
But an unintended consequence is that the jobs of some autoworkers will be lost to foreign competition.
When evaluating a policy, people tend to concentrate on how the policy will fix some particular problem
while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may have. Economists often refer to this situation as The Law
of Unintended Consequences. ( ① ) For instance, suppose that you impose a tariff on imported steel in
order to protect the jobs of domestic steelworkers. ( ② ) If you impose a high enough tariff, their jobs will
indeed be protected from competition by foreign steel companies. ( ③ ) Why? The tariff that protects
steelworkers raises the price of the steel that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars. ( ④ ) As
a result, domestic automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their cars, making them relatively
less attractive than foreign cars. ( ⑤ ) Raising prices tends to reduce domestic car sales, so some domestic
autoworkers lose their jobs.
고2 2023년 6월 36번
STEP 5 : 서술형
When evaluating a policy, people tend to concentrate on how the policy will fix some particular problem
43)[A]while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may have. Economists often refer to this situation as
The Law of Unintended Consequences. 44)[B]For instance, suppose that you impose a tariff on imported
steel in order to protect the jobs of domestic steelworkers. If you impose a high enough tariff, their jobs
will indeed be protected from competition by foreign steel companies. But an unintended consequence is
that the jobs of some autoworkers will be lost to foreign competition. Why? The tariff that protects
steelworkers raises the price of the steel that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars. [C]As
a result, domestic automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their cars, 45)[D]making them
relatively less attractive than foreign cars. Raising prices tends to reduce domestic car sales, so some
domestic autoworkers lose their jobs.
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
41) A-C-B
42) ③
STEP 2 : 종합 TEST
Species [that are / X]17) found in only one area [called / are called]18) endemic species and
are especially [susceptible / immune / resilient / vulnerable]19) to extinction. They exist on
islands and in other unique small areas, especially in tropical rain forests [which / where]20)
most species are h_______________21) specialized. One example is the brilliantly colored golden
toad once [found / is found]22) only in a small area of lush rain forests in Costa Rica’s
But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds [to rise / to raise]27),
[deriving / depriving]28) the forests of moisture, and the h_______________29) for the golden toad
and many other species dried up. The golden toad appears to [be / have been]30) one of the
first v_______________31) of climate change [to cause / caused]32) largely by global warming.
오직 한 지역에서만 발견되는 종들은 토착종이라고 불리고 특히 멸종에 취약하다. 그들은 섬들과 특히 대부분의 종이 매우 특화된 열대
우림인 다른 독특한 작은 지역에 있다. 한가지 예는 코스타리카의 산악 지역에 있는 무성한 열대 우림의 작은 지역에서만 한 때 발견되
었던 번쩍이는 색깔의 황금 두꺼비이다. 그 나라의 잘 보존된 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve에서 살았음에도 불구하고, 1989년쯤,
황금 두꺼비는 외관상으로 멸종하였다. 그것의 열대 우림 서식지를 지탱해 준 습기의 많은 부분은 카리브해에서 불어 들어오는 습기를
실은 구름의 형태에서 왔다. 하지만 세계적 기후 변화로 인한 더 따뜻한 공기가 이러한 구름들을 상승하게 했고, 숲에서 습기를 제거하
양들 중 하나인 것 같다.
고2 2023년 6월 37번
STEP 3 : 순서배열33)
Species that are found in only one area are called endemic species and are especially vulnerable to
extinction.
[A] Despite living in the country’s well-protected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden
toad had apparently become extinct. Much of the moisture that supported its rain forest habitat came in
the form of moisture laden clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea.
[B] They exist on islands and in other unique small areas, especially in tropical rain forests where most
species are highly specialized. One example is the brilliantly colored golden toad once found only in a small
area of lush rain forests in Costa Rica’s mountainous region.
[C] But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds to rise, depriving the forests of
moisture, and the habitat for the golden toad and many other species dried up. The golden toad appears
to be one of the first victims of climate change caused largely by global warming.
STEP 4 : 문장삽입34)
But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds to rise, depriving the forests of moisture,
and the habitat for the golden toad and many other species dried up.
Species that are found in only one area are called endemic species and are especially vulnerable to
extinction. They exist on islands and in other unique small areas, especially in tropical rain forests where
most species are highly specialized. ( ① ) One example is the brilliantly colored golden toad once found
only in a small area of lush rain forests in Costa Rica’s mountainous region. ( ② ) Despite living in the
country’s well-protected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden toad had apparently become
extinct. ( ③ ) Much of the moisture that supported its rain forest habitat came in the form of moisture
laden clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea. ( ④ ) The golden toad appears to be one of the first
victims of climate change caused largely by global warming. ( ⑤ )
고2 2023년 6월 37번
STEP 5 : 서술형
Species that are found in only one area are called endemic species and are especially 35)[A]vulnerable to
extinction. They exist on islands and in other unique small areas, especially in tropical rain forests where
most species are highly specialized. One example is the brilliantly colored golden toad once found only
in a small area of lush rain forests in Costa Rica’s mountainous region. Despite living in the country’s
well-protected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden toad had apparently become
extinct. Much of the moisture that supported its rain forest habitat came in the form of moisture laden
clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea. But warmer air from global climate change 36)[B]caused these
clouds to rise, depriving the forests of moisture, and the habitat for the golden toad and many other
species dried up. The golden toad appears to be 37)[C]one of the first victims of climate change caused
largely by global warming.
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
▪ climate change / one / by / the / first / of / global warming / victim / cause / largely / of 배열하시오
▪ 필요시 변형
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
17) 둘 다
18) are called
19) 1, 4
20) where
21) highly
22) found
23) Despite = In spite of
24) extinct.
25) came
26) blowing
27) to rise
28) depriving
29) habitat
30) be
31) victims
32) caused
33) B-A-C
34) ④
35) vulnerable
36) made these clouds rise, depriving the forests of moisture
37) one of the first victims of climate change caused largely by global warming
38) Indigenous 토착의
39) Vulnerable 취약한
40) Extinction 멸종
고2 2023년 6월 38번
STEP 2 : 종합 TEST
_____ __________33), if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we can’t merely observe
the real world, s_______________34) any of these factors (the vitamins, diet, or exercise) may
a_______________35) health. R_______________36), we have to create a situation that [isn’t / doesn’
t]37) actually [occur / happen / exist]38) in the real world. That’s just w_______________39)
scientific experiments [are / do].40) They try to [separate / isolate / split]41) the naturally
variable / invariable]46)
실험 방법의 근본적인 본질은 조작과 통제이다. 과학자들은 관심 변인을 조작하고, 차이가 있는지 확인한다. 동시에, 다른 모든 변인의
잠재적 영향을 통제하려고 시도한다. 사건의 근본적인 원인을 식별하는 데 있어 통제된 실험의 중요성은 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않
다. 현실의 통제되지 않은 세계에서, 변인들은 종종 상관관계가 있다. 예를 들어, 비타민 보충제를 섭취하는 사람들은 비타민을 섭취하지
않는 사람들과는 다른 식습관과 운동 습관을 지닐 수 있다. 그 결과, 만약 우리가 비타민의 건강에 미치는 효과를 연구하고 싶다면, 우
리는 단지 현실 세계만 관찰할 수 없는데, 왜냐하면 이러한 요소(비타민, 식단, 운동) 중 어느 것이든 건강에 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문
이다. 오히려, 우리는 현실 세계에서 실제로 일어나지 않는 상황을 만들어야 한다. 그것이 바로 과학 실험이 하는 일이다. 그것들은 그
밖의 다른 모든 것을 일정하게 유지하면서, 한 번에 하나의 특정 변인을 조작하여 세상에서 자연적으로 발생하는 관계를 분리하려고 애
쓴다.
고2 2023년 6월 38번
STEP 3 : 순서배열47)
[A] Rather, we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in the real world. That’s just what
scientific experiments do. They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship in the world by
manipulating one specific variable at a time, while holding everything else constant.
[B] Scientists manipulate a variable of interest, and see if there’s a difference. At the same time, they
attempt to control for the potential effects of all other variables. The importance of controlled experiments
in identifying the underlying causes of events cannot be overstated. In the real-uncontrolled-world, variables
are often correlated.
[C] For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have different eating and exercise habits than
people who don’t take vitamins. As a result, if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we can’t
merely observe the real world, since any of these factors (the vitamins, diet, or exercise) may affect health.
STEP 4 : 문장삽입48)
The fundamental nature of the experimental method is manipulation and control. Scientists manipulate a
variable of interest, and see if there’s a difference. At the same time, they attempt to control for the
potential effects of all other variables. The importance of controlled experiments in identifying the underlying
causes of events cannot be overstated. In the real-uncontrolled-world, variables are often correlated. ( ① )
For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have different eating and exercise habits than
people who don’t take vitamins. ( ② ) As a result, if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we
can’t merely observe the real world, since any of these factors (the vitamins, diet, or exercise) may affect
health. ( ③ ) Rather, we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in the real world. ( ④ ) They
try to separate the naturally occurring relationship in the world by manipulating one specific variable at a
time, while holding everything else constant. ( ⑤ )
고2 2023년 6월 38번
STEP 5 : 서술형
The fundamental nature of the experimental method is manipulation and control. Scientists manipulate a
variable of interest, and see if there’s a difference. At the same time, they attempt to control for the
potential effects of all other variables. The importance of controlled experiments in identifying the
underlying causes of events cannot be overstated. In the real-uncontrolled-world, variables are often
correlated. For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have different eating and exercise
habits than people who don’t take vitamins. As a result, if we want to study the health effects of
vitamins, we can’t merely observe the real world, since any of these factors (the vitamins, diet, or
exercise) may affect health. Rather, 49)we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in the real
world. That’s just what scientific experiments do. They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship
in the world 50)by manipulating one specific variable at a time, while holding everything else constant.
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
▪ while / by / specific / one / everything / at a time / manipulate / hold / variable / else / constant
▪ 필요시 변형
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
47) B-C-A
48) ④
49) we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in the real world
50) by manipulating one specific variable at a time, while holding everything else constant
51) significance
52) manipulated
53) controlled
고2 2023년 6월 39번
STEP 2 : 종합 TEST
Why do people in the Mediterranean live [shorter / longer]18) and have a [higher / lower]19)
incidence of disease? Some people say it’s [because of / due to / thanks to / owing to /
oon account of / courtesy of]20) w_______________21) they eat. Their diet is f_______________22) of
fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Individuals in these cultures drink red
wine and use great amounts of olive oil. Why is that food pattern [health / healthy]23)? One
reason is that they are eating a [palette / number / variety]24) of c_______________25). More and
more research is [rising / emerging / surfacing]26) [what / that]27) shows us the [benefits /
penalties]28) of the thousands of colorful “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that [exist / vanish]29)
in foods. These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function to the
plant and [add / added]30) to the health of the human body. E_______________31) c______________
_38), if you avoid green‑colored foods, you may be l_______________39) chlorophyll, a plant
antioxidant that [protects / defends / guards]40) your cells from damage.
왜 지중해 지역의 사람들은 더 오래 살고 질병 발생률이 더 낮을까? 몇몇의 사람들은 그것이 그들이 먹는 것 때문이라고 말한다. 그들
의 식단은 신선한 과일, 생선, 채소, 통곡물, 견과류로 가득하다. 이러한 문화권의 사람들은 적포도주를 마시고 많은 양의 올리브유를 사
용한다. 왜 그러한 음식 패턴이 건강에 좋은가? 한 가지 이유는 그들이 다양한 색깔을 먹고 있기 때문이다. 식품에 존재하는 수천 가지
의 다채로운 “생화학 물질”(phyto=식물)의 이점을 보여주는 점점 더 많은 연구가 표면화되고 있다. 식물에 있는 건강에 좋고, 영양가 없
는 이 화합물들은 식물에 색과 기능을 제공하고 인체의 건강에 보탬이 된다. 각각의 색깔은 몸에서 특정 기능을 하는 특정 화합물과 연
결된다. 예를 들어, 만약 당신이 보라색 음식을 먹지 않는다면, 당신은 중요한 뇌 보호 화합물인 안토시아닌을 아마도 놓치고 있는 것이
다. 그와 유사하게, 만약 당신이 녹색 음식을 피한다면, 세포가 손상되는 것을 막아주는 식물 산화 방지제인 엽록소가 부족할 수도 있다.
고2 2023년 6월 39번
STEP 3 : 순서배열41)
Why do people in the Mediterranean live longer and have a lower incidence of disease? Some people
say it’s because of what they eat.
[A] These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function to the plant and add to
the health of the human body. Each color connects to a particular compound that serves a specific function
in the body.
[B] For example, if you don’t eat purple foods, you are probably missing out on anthocyanins, important
brain protection compounds. Similarly, if you avoid green‑colored foods, you may be lacking chlorophyll, a
plant antioxidant that guards your cells from damage.
[C] Their diet is full of fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Individuals in these cultures drink
red wine and use great amounts of olive oil. Why is that food pattern healthy? One reason is that they are
eating a palette of colors. More and more research is surfacing that shows us the benefits of the thousands
of colorful “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that exist in foods.
STEP 4 : 문장삽입42)
Each color connects to a particular compound that serves a specific function in the body.
Why do people in the Mediterranean live longer and have a lower incidence of disease? Some people say
it’s because of what they eat. Their diet is full of fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts.
Individuals in these cultures drink red wine and use great amounts of olive oil. Why is that food pattern
healthy? One reason is that they are eating a palette of colors. ( ① ) More and more research is surfacing
that shows us the benefits of the thousands of colorful “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that exist in foods. (
② ) These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function to the plant and add to
the health of the human body. ( ③ ) For example, if you don’t eat purple foods, you are probably missing
out on anthocyanins, important brain protection compounds. ( ④ ) Similarly, if you avoid green‑colored
foods, you may be lacking chlorophyll, a plant antioxidant that guards your cells from damage. ( ⑤ )
고2 2023년 6월 39번
STEP 5 : 서술형
Why do people in the Mediterranean live longer and have a lower incidence of disease? Some people
say it’s 43)ecause of what they eat. Their diet is full of fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, whole grains, and
nuts. Individuals in these cultures drink red wine and use great amounts of olive oil. Why is that food
pattern healthy? One reason is that they are eating a palette of colors. More and more research is
surfacing that shows us the benefits of the thousands of colorful “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that
exist in foods. These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function to the plant
and add to the health of the human body. 44)Each color connects to a particular compound that serves
a specific function in the body. For example, if you don’t eat purple foods, you are probably missing out
on anthocyanins, important brain protection compounds. Similarly, if you avoid green‑colored foods, you
may be lacking chlorophyll, a plant antioxidant that guards your cells from damage.
▪ 그들이 먹는 것 때문이라고
답 : b______________________________________________________________________________________________.
▪ in the body / that / a particular compound / each color / serve / a specific function / connect to
▪ 배열하시오. ★ 필요시 변형
답 : ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
41) C-A-B
42) ③
STEP 2 : 종합 TEST
People behave in [high / highly]25) [predictable / unpredictable]26) ways when they experience
certain thoughts. When they agree, they [nod / shake]27) their heads. So far, no surprise, but
according to an area of research known as “proprioceptive psychology,” the process also
works in r_______________28). Get people [behave / to behave]29) in a certain way and you cause
them [have / to have]30) certain thoughts. The idea was initially [accepted / controversial],31)
to them. Some of the items moved v_______________36) ( [making / causing]37) the participants
to n_______________38) their heads [during / while]39) watching), and others moved
h_______________40) (resulting [from / in]41) a side-to-side head movement). Participants preferred
[vertically / horizontally]42) moving products without being a_______________43) that their “yes”
and “no” head movements [playing / had played]44) a k_______________45) role in their decisions.
사람들은 특정한 생각을 할 때 매우 예측 가능한 방식으로 행동한다. 그들은 동의할 때, 고개를 끄덕인다. 여기까지는, 놀랄 일은 아니
다, 하지만 “고유 수용 심리학”으로 알려진 한 연구 분야에 따르면, 그 과정은 역으로도 작용한다. 사람들을 특정한 방식으로 행동하게
하면 당신은 그들이 특정한 생각을 갖도록 한다. 그 아이디어는 처음에는 논란의 여지가 있었지만, 다행히도 설득력 있는 실험으로 뒷
받침되었다. 한 연구에서 참가자들은 큰 컴퓨터 화면을 가로질러 움직이는 다양한 제품들에 시선을 고정하고 그 제품들이 그들에게 매
력적인지 아닌지를 나타내도록 요청받았다. 일부 제품은 수직으로 움직였고(참가자들이 보는 동안 고개를 끄덕이게 하면서), 다른 제품
은 수평으로 움직였다(좌우로 머리를 움직이게 하면서). 참가자들은 자신의 “예”와 “아니요”의 머리 움직임이 결정에 핵심적인 역할을 했
STEP 3 : 순서배열46)
People behave in highly predictable ways when they experience certain thoughts.
[A] Some of the items moved vertically (causing the participants to nod their heads while watching), and
others moved horizontally (resulting in a side-to-side head movement). Participants preferred vertically
moving products without being aware that their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in
their decisions.
[B] When they agree, they nod their heads. So far, no surprise, but according to an area of research known
as “proprioceptive psychology,” the process also works in reverse. Get people to behave in a certain way
and you cause them to have certain thoughts.
[C] The idea was initially controversial, but fortunately it was supported by a compelling experiment.
Participants in a study were asked to fixate on various products moving across a large computer screen and
then indicate whether the items appealed to them.
STEP 4 : 문장삽입47)
The idea was initially controversial, but fortunately it was supported by a compelling experiment.
People behave in highly predictable ways when they experience certain thoughts. When they agree, they
nod their heads. ( ① ) So far, no surprise, but according to an area of research known as “proprioceptive
psychology,” the process also works in reverse. ( ② ) Get people to behave in a certain way and you cause
them to have certain thoughts. ( ③ ) Participants in a study were asked to fixate on various products
moving across a large computer screen and then indicate whether the items appealed to them. ( ④ ) Some
of the items moved vertically (causing the participants to nod their heads while watching), and others
moved horizontally (resulting in a side-to-side head movement). ( ⑤ ) Participants preferred vertically
moving products without being aware that their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in
their decisions.
고2 2023년 6월 40번
STEP 5 : 서술형
People behave in highly predictable ways when they experience certain thoughts. When they agree, they
nod their heads. So far, no surprise, but according to an area of research known as “proprioceptive
psychology,” the process also works in reverse. 48)[A]Get people to behave in a certain way and you
cause them to have certain thoughts. The idea was initially controversial, but fortunately it was supported
by a compelling experiment. Participants in a study were asked to fixate on various products moving
across a large computer screen and then indicate whether the items appealed to them. Some of the
items moved vertically (causing the participants to nod their heads while watching), and others moved
horizontally (resulting in a side-to-side head movement). Participants preferred vertically moving products
without being aware that 49)[B]their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in their
decisions.
cause / certain / thoughts / have / to / behave / way / Get / you / them / and / to / people / certain / in / a
[A]:
decisions / their / “yes” / role / key / head / a / movements / had / played / their / in / and / “no”
[B]:
46) B-C-A
47) ③
48) Get people to behave in a certain way and you cause them to have certain thoughts.
49) their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in their decisions
50) Behaviors
51) Effect
52) Thoughts
고2 2024년 6월 29번
Step 2 : 종합 TEST
The builtin capacity for smiling [proven / is proven]26) by the remarkable observation [which /
that]27) babies who are congenitally both deaf and blind, who [has / have]28) [never / ever]29)
seen a human face, also [start / starting]30) [smiling / to smile]31) at around 2 months.
g]37) fact: blind babies will continue [smiling / to smile]38) [if / unless]39) they are cuddled,
bounced, nudged, and tickled by an adult — anything to let them [know / to know]40) that
they are [alone / not alone]41) and [what / that]42) someone [cares about / ignores /
disregards]43) them. This s_______________44) feedback [encourages / makes / allows]45) the baby
to continue [to smile / smiling].46) In this way, e_______________47) experience operates with our
biology to establish s_______________48) behaviors. (연)_______________49) you don’t need the cases
of blind babies to make the point. Babies with sight smile [more / less]50) at you when you
The builtin capacity for smiling is proven by the remarkable observation that babies who are congenitally
both deaf and blind, who have never seen a human face, also start to smile at around 2 months.
[A] However, smiling in blind babies eventually disappears if nothing is done to reinforce it. Without the
right feedback, smiling dies out.
[B] In fact, you don’t need the cases of blind babies to make the point. Babies with sight smile more at
you when you look at them or, better still, smile back at them.
[C] This social feedback encourages the baby to continue smiling. In this way, early experience operates with
our biology to establish social behaviors.
[D] But here’s a fascinating fact: blind babies will continue to smile if they are cuddled, bounced, nudged,
and tickled by an adult — anything to let them know that they are not alone and that someone cares about
them.
고2 2024년 6월 29번
The builtin capacity for smiling is proven by the remarkable observation that babies who are congenitally
both deaf and blind, who have never seen a human face, also start to smile at around 2 months.
However, smiling in blind babies eventually disappears 53)[ nothing / reinforce / if / is / to / it / done ]
Without the right feedback, smiling dies out. But here’s a fascinating fact: blind babies will continue to
smile if they are cuddled, bounced, nudged, and tickled by an adult — anything to let them know that
they are not alone and that someone cares about them. This social feedback encourages the baby to
continue smiling. In this way, 54)[ with / biology / to / our / behaviors / social / experience / operates /
early / establish ]
In fact, you don’t need the cases of blind babies to make the point. Babies with sight smile more at you
when you look at them or, better still, smile back at them.
답지
1) is proven
2) that
3) congenitally = innately
4) have
5) start
6) 둘 다
7) However,
8) disappears
9) something 변형 if -> unless
10) Without
11) right
12) diesout
13) fascinating
14) 둘 다
15) if
16) know
17) not
18) social
19) tocontinue
20) early
21) operates
22) social
23) Infact,
24) more
25) smile
26) is proven
27) that
28) have
29) never
30) start
31) 둘 다
32) However,
33) disappears
34) 1, 2
35) right
36) But
37) 전부 다
38) 둘 다
39) if
40) know
41) not alone
42) that
43) cares about
44) social
45) 1, 3
46) smiling
47) early
48) social
49) Infact,
50) more
51) smile
52) A-D-C-B
Step 2 : 종합 TEST
If we’ve invested in something that hasn’t repaid us — [be it / whether it be]23) money in a
relationship — we find it very [easy / difficult]26) to walk away. This is the s_______________27)
c_______________28) fallacy. Our instinct is to [continue / stop]29) [to invest / investing]30) money or
time as we hope that our investment will prove to be [worthwhile / invaluable / priceless]31) in
the end. G_______________32) up would mean a_______________33) that we’ve [got / wasted]34)
something we [can / can’t]35) get back, and that thought is [so / such]36) painful that we prefer
to [face / avoid]37) it if we can. The problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet,
then staying with it simply [increases / decreases]38) the amount we [gain / lose].39) Rather than
walk [towards / away from]40) a bad five-year relationship, (연)_______________41) we turn it into a
bad 10-year relationship; rather than [accept / deny]42) that we’ve lost a thousand dollars, we [lie
/ lay]43) down another thousand and [lose / double]44) that too. (연)_______________45) by [delaying /
stimulating / postponing]46) the pain of admitting our problem, we only [add to / withdraw /
deduct / subtract]47) it. Sometimes we just have to [cut / curtail / minimize]48) our losses.
우리에게 보답해 주지 않는 것에 우리가 투자해 왔다면―실패한 사업에 투자한 돈이거나, 불행한 인간관계에 투자한 시간이던지 간에―
우리는 벗어나기가 매우 어렵다는 것을 안다. 이것은 매몰 비용 오류이다. 우리의 본능은 결국에는 우리의 투자가 가치 있는 것으로 입
증될 것이라고 희망하면서 돈이나 시간에 투자를 계속 하는 것이다. 포기한다는 것은 우리가 돌이킬 수 없는 무언가를 낭비해왔다고 인
정하는 것을 의미하고, 그런 생각은 너무 고통스러워서 우리가 할 수 있다면 그것을 피하기를 선호한다. 물론, 문제는 어떤 것이 정말
나쁜 투자라면, 그것을 계속하는 것은 우리가 잃는 총액을 증가시킬 뿐이라는 것이다. 예를 들어, 5년의 나쁜 관계에서 벗어나기보다는
우리는 그것을 10년의 나쁜 관계로 바꾸고; 천 달러를 잃었다는 사실을 받아들이기보다는, 또 다른 천 달러를 내놓고 그것도 역시 잃는
다. 결국, 우리의 문제를 인정하는 고통을 미룸으로써 우리는 그것에 보탤 뿐이다. 때때로 우리는 손실을 끊어야만 한다.
고2 2024년 6월 32번
If we’ve invested in something that hasn’t repaid us — be it money in a failing venture, or time in an
unhappy relationship — we find it very difficult to walk away.
[A] In the end, by delaying the pain of admitting our problem, we only add to it. Sometimes we just have
to cut our losses.
[B] The problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet, then staying with it simply increases the
amount we lose. Rather than walk away from a bad five-year relationship, for example, we turn it into a
bad 10-year relationship; rather than accept that we’ve lost a thousand dollars, we lay down another
thousand and lose that too.
[C] This is the sunk cost fallacy. Our instinct is to continue investing money or time as we hope that our
investment will prove to be worthwhile in the end. Giving up would mean acknowledging that we’ve wasted
something we can’t get back, and that thought is so painful that we prefer to avoid it if we can.
The problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet, then staying with it simply increases the
amount we lose.
If we’ve invested in something that hasn’t repaid us — be it money in a failing venture, or time in an
unhappy relationship — we find it very difficult to walk away. ( ① ) This is the sunk cost fallacy. ( ② ) Our
instinct is to continue investing money or time as we hope that our investment will prove to be worthwhile
in the end. ( ③ ) Giving up would mean acknowledging that we’ve wasted something we can’t get back,
and that thought is so painful that we prefer to avoid it if we can. ( ④ ) Rather than walk away from a
bad five-year relationship, for example, we turn it into a bad 10-year relationship; rather than accept that
we’ve lost a thousand dollars, we lay down another thousand and lose that too. ( ⑤ ) In the end, by
delaying the pain of admitting our problem, we only add to it. Sometimes we just have to cut our losses.
고2 2024년 6월 32번
If we’ve invested in something that hasn’t repaid us — be it money in a failing venture, or time in an
unhappy relationship — 51)[ find / away / very / walk / we / difficult / to / it ].
This is the sunk cost fallacy. Our instinct is to continue investing money or time as we hope that our
investment will prove to be worthwhile in the end. Giving up would mean acknowledging that we’ve
wasted something we can’t get back, and that thought is 52)[ so / it / to / avoid / prefer / we / if /
that / can / we / painful ].
The problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet, then 53)[ it / amount / the / we /
staying / increases / with / lose / simply ].
Rather than walk away from a bad five-year relationship, for example, we turn it into a bad 10-year
relationship; rather than accept that we’ve lost a thousand dollars, we lay down another thousand and
lose that too. In the end, by delaying the pain of admitting our problem, we only add to it. Sometimes
we just have to cut our losses.
답지
1) 둘 다
2) failing
3) 1, 2
4) it
5) difficult
6) 둘 다
7) 전부 다
8) 1, 2, 3, 5
9) wasted
10) can’t
11) so
12) avoid
13) increases
14) lose.
15) awayfrom
16) accept
17) lay
18) lose
19) 전부 다
20) admitting
21) add
22) 전부 다
23) 둘 다
24) failing
25) 2, 4
26) difficult
27) sunk
28) cost
29) continue
30) 둘 다
31) 전부 다
32) Giving
33) acknowledging
34) wasted
35) can’t
36) so
37) avoid
38) increases
39) lose.
40) away from
41) for example,
42) accept
43) lay
44) lose
45) In the end,
46) 1, 3
47) add to
48) 전부 다
49) C-B-A
50) ④
54) bygones
55) bygones
고2 2024년 6월 32번
56) Acknowledging
57) painful,
58) avoid
59) losses
60) Why
61) Struggle
62) Losses
63) When
64) Away
65) Breaking
66) Free
67) Importance
68) Losses
69) Why
70) Constantly
71) Obsessed
고2 2024년 6월 40번
Step 2 : 종합 TEST
Many things s_______________25) envy : ownership, status, health, youth, talent, popularity,
beauty. It is often [confusing / confused]26) with jealousy because the physical reactions are
[alike / identical / the same]27). The difference: the subject of envy is a t_______________28)
(status, money, health etc.). The subject of jealousy is the b_______________29) of a third person.
Envy needs two people. Jealousy, (연)_______________30) requires three: Peter is jealous of Sam
because the beautiful girl next door rings him instead. Paradoxically, with envy we direct
[anger / resentments / rage / fury / indignation]31) toward those who are most [similar /
alike]32) to us in age, career and residence. We [do / don’t]33) envy businesspeople from the
century before last. We [do / don’t]34) envy millionaires on the o_______________35) side of the
other writers. As a CEO you envy other, bigger CEOs. As a supermodel you envy more
successful supermodels. Aristotle knew this: ‘Potters [envy / are jealous of]38) potters.’
많은 것들은 부러움을 불러일으킨다: 소유권, 지위, 건강, 젊음, 재능, 인기, 아름다움. 이것은 신체적 반응이 동일하기 때문에 종종 질투
와 혼동된다. 차이점: 부러움의 대상은 사물(지위, 돈, 건강 등)이다. 질투의 대상은 제3자의 행동이다. 부러움은 두 사람을 필요로 한다.
반면, 질투는 세 사람을 요구한다: Peter는 옆집의 예쁜 여자가 자기가 아니라 Sam에게 전화를 걸기 때문에 그를 질투한다. 역설적이게
도, 부러움을 가질 때 우리는 나이, 경력, 거주지에 있어서 우리와 가장 비슷한 사람들에게 불쾌감을 향하게 한다. 우리는 지지난 세기의
사업가들을 부러워하지 않는다. 우리는 지구 반대편의 백만장자를 부러워하지 않는다. 작가로서, 나는 음악가, 매니저 또는 치과 의사가
부럽지 않지만, 다른 작가들을 부러워한다. CEO로서 당신은 다른, 더 큰 CEO들을 부러워한다. 슈퍼 모델로서 당신은 더 성공한 슈퍼모
Many things spark envy : ownership, status, health, youth, talent, popularity, beauty. It is often confused
with jealousy because the physical reactions are identical.
[A] Paradoxically, with envy we direct resentments toward those who are most similar to us in age, career
and residence. We don’t envy businesspeople from the century before last. We don’t envy millionaires on
the other side of the globe.
[B] The difference: the subject of envy is a thing (status, money, health etc.). The subject of jealousy is the
behaviour of a third person. Envy needs two people. Jealousy, on the other hand, requires three: Peter is
jealous of Sam because the beautiful girl next door rings him instead.
[C] As a writer, I don’t envy musicians, managers or dentists, but other writers. As a CEO you envy other,
bigger CEOs. As a supermodel you envy more successful supermodels. Aristotle knew this: ‘Potters envy
potters.’
Paradoxically, with envy we direct resentments toward those who are most similar to us in age, career
and residence.
Many things spark envy : ownership, status, health, youth, talent, popularity, beauty. It is often confused with
jealousy because the physical reactions are identical. The difference: the subject of envy is a thing (status,
money, health etc.). The subject of jealousy is the behaviour of a third person. Envy needs two people. ( ①
) Jealousy, on the other hand, requires three: Peter is jealous of Sam because the beautiful girl next door
rings him instead. ( ② ) We don’t envy businesspeople from the century before last. ( ③ ) We don’t envy
millionaires on the other side of the globe. ( ④ ) As a writer, I don’t envy musicians, managers or dentists,
but other writers. ( ⑤ ) As a CEO you envy other, bigger CEOs. As a supermodel you envy more successful
supermodels. Aristotle knew this: ‘Potters envy potters.’
고2 2024년 6월 40번
Many things spark envy : ownership, status, health, youth, talent, popularity, beauty. It is often confused
with jealousy because the physical reactions are identical. The difference: the subject of envy is a thing
(status, money, health etc.). The subject of jealousy is the behaviour of a third person. Envy needs two
people. Jealousy, on the other hand, requires three: Peter is jealous of Sam because the beautiful girl
next door rings him instead. Paradoxically, with envy 41)[ in / are / most / toward / those / who /
resentments / direct / age, / to / residence / similar / and / us / career / we ]
We don’t envy businesspeople from the century before last. We don’t envy millionaires on the other
side of the globe. As a writer, I don’t envy musicians, managers or dentists, but other writers. As a CEO
you envy other, bigger CEOs. As a supermodel you envy more successful supermodels. Aristotle knew
this: ‘Potters envy potters.’
답지
1) 전부 다
2) confused
3) jealousy
4) 전부 다
5) thing
6) behaviour
7) two
8) on the other hand,
9) three:
10) direct
11) 둘 다
12) don’t
13) don’t
14) other
15) don’t
16) envy
17) three
18) third
19) whereas
20) two
21) whose
22) alike,
23) resenting
24) the other.
25) spark
26) confused
27) 전부 다
28) thing
29) behaviour
30) on the other hand,
31) 전부 다
32) 둘 다
33) don’t
34) don’t
35) other
36) don’t
37) but
38) envy
39) B-A-C
40) ②
41) we direct resentments toward those who are most similar to us in age, career and residence
42) Distinction
43) Envy
44) Jealousy
45) How
46) Shape