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Claim of Fact Policy Value

The document outlines a lesson on critical reading, emphasizing its definition, purpose, and strategies for analyzing texts to uncover deeper meanings. It details different types of claims—fact, value, and policy—along with guidelines for writing and defending each type. The lesson aims to enhance analytical skills, improve writing, and encourage open-mindedness in understanding various perspectives.

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10 views6 pages

Claim of Fact Policy Value

The document outlines a lesson on critical reading, emphasizing its definition, purpose, and strategies for analyzing texts to uncover deeper meanings. It details different types of claims—fact, value, and policy—along with guidelines for writing and defending each type. The lesson aims to enhance analytical skills, improve writing, and encourage open-mindedness in understanding various perspectives.

Uploaded by

gabbytiglao7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREPARED BY : ROBBIE J.

LUNA RN, LPT

Psalm 31:24: "Be strong and take heart, all you who hope in the Lord".

Lesson
“Critical Reading: Looking for Ways of Thinking”
Objectives
Define critical reading and its purpose.
Understand how critical reading involves analyzing "ways of thinking.“
Apply strategies for identifying thought patterns in texts.

What is Critical Reading?


Definition: Critical reading is an active process of analyzing, questioning,
and evaluating a text to uncover its deeper meanings.
Key Focus: Going beyond "what is said" to understand how and why it is
said.
Why It Matters: Helps readers become better thinkers and writers by
identifying thought processes in texts.

Looking for Ways of Thinking


What are Ways of Thinking?
Patterns of reasoning used by the author to present ideas.
Includes perspectives, assumptions, and logical structures.
Examples:
Does the author rely on facts, emotions, or personal experiences?
Is the argument based on logic or persuasion?

Types of Texts and Ways of Thinking


Argumentative Texts

• Focus: Logical reasoning and evidence.

• Example Question: What is the author’s main argument?


Descriptive Texts

• Focus: Imagery and detail selection.

• Example Question: What image is the author trying to create?


Narrative Texts

• Focus: Character motivations and worldview.

• Example Question: How do the characters’ decisions reflect their thinking?


Strategies for Critical Reading

• Annotate the Text


Highlight key ideas, underline patterns, and write questions in the margins.

• Ask Questions
What is the main idea?
How is the argument supported?
Why does the author think this way?

• Identify Biases and Assumptions


Are the author’s beliefs influencing their argument?

• Compare with Other Texts


How does this text’s thinking differ from others on the same topic?

Benefits of Critical Reading


Improves Analytical Skills: Sharpens logical reasoning and evaluation.
Enhances Writing: Helps structure arguments effectively.
Encourages Open-Mindedness: Enables understanding of multiple perspectives.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• distinguish claims of fact in a written text; and

• write and defend claims of fact.

What comes into your mind whenever you hear the word “claims”?

A claim is a statement that an author discusses, explains, or proves in his writing. In


persuasive or argumentative writing, the central claim made is called the thesis,
which determines and limits the scope of the topic.

Take a look at the following examples:


Cyberbullying has profound effects on young children.
“Gaining friends” online is not the same as gaining friends in person.
People are becoming more dependent on technology.
A claim of fact often takes an objective position. Take a look at the following text.
People in general are becoming more dependent on technology. In the
Philippines alone, for instance, there were 114.6 million mobile subscriptions and
44.2 million active Internet users according to the global Web statistics released
by a global agency called We Are Social Singapore. Since January 2014, the number
of active internet users has grown 18 percent, while the number of mobile
subscriptions has grown 7 percent.

In persuasive or argumentative writing, a writer defends the thesis or central claim


in order to make it convincing. Below are some steps you may follow to defend a
claim of fact:

• State your claim clearly.

• Provide a brief explanation or definition for words that may be unfamiliar to


some readers.

• Cite recent, accurate, and sufficient evidence. It should come from reliable
sources or experts.

• Organize the evidence in a logical way. The arrangement of evidence highlights


the most important points.

• To conclude your writing, reiterate the thesis.

Key Points
A claim of fact affirms or asserts that a statement is true or untrue. It argues
that the statement is indeed a fact, or it defines a particular term.
This claim often takes an objective position.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• distinguish claims value in a written text; and

• write and defend claims of value.


A claim of value is a type of claim that evaluates, appraises, or judges an idea.
Examples:

• It is important that children learn how to use social media responsibly.

• Learning another language other than English is necessary in the 21st century.

• Spending time with your family is better than spending time alone.

A claim of value is subjective. In writing, the author can tell whether the idea is
important or relevant based on some criteria or standards, which may be
influenced by the author’s religious, cultural, and social values. Also, he or she can
express approval or disapproval of the idea; he or she can state whether the idea is
good or bad, right or wrong, ethical or unethical, or just or unjust.

Take a look at this example:


It is very important that children learn how to use social media responsibly. One
reason is that social media poses danger to their security. Experts say that 75
percent of teens have profiles on a social networking site. Such profiles mostly
contain their photos, real names, birthdates, interests, and even their town and
school. Online advertisers and predators can easily take the children’s information
and use it for illegal activities.
You can defend a claim of value by doing the following:

• Clearly state the principle or value you are promoting. You can say that it rates
higher on a scale of values than any other principle or value.

• Present the good results or effects of adhering to the principle in contrast with
other principles.

• Present real-life examples to give readers a concrete idea of how the values
work in particular situations.
• Include relevant statistics as well as the testimonies and points of view of
highly regarded individuals or experts who share the same value or principle
as you do.

Key Points
A claim of value evaluates, appraises, or judges an idea.
This claim is subjective. In writing, the author can tell whether the idea is
important or relevant based on some criteria or standards. Also, he or she can
express approval or disapproval of the idea.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• distinguish claims of policy in a written text; and

• write and defend claims of policy.

A claim of policy is a statement proposing an action that should be undertaken as


a solution to a particular problem. This claim makes use of words such as should,
ought to, and must.
Examples:

• Smoking must be banned in all public places.

• In general, women should be given equal job opportunities as men.

• There should be a course for students who would like to learn Ilocano,
Cebuano, or any other Philippine language.

A claim of policy may argue against an already established policy or solution. In


writing, the author aims to convince readers that the proposed solution would
indeed solve the given problem and that it is better than the current or any other
proposed course of action.
Take a look at the text below:
Learning a foreign language remains a requirement in most colleges; students must
take a certain number of units to fulfill such requirement. However, after
graduation, most of them will work in the country and never get the chance to use
the foreign language in the workplace. For them, there should be an alternative
course, that is, a course teaching a widely spoken local dialect like Ilocano or
Cebuano. Learning a local language not only increases their chance of finding work
in the major cities in the country but also allows them to connect with other
Filipinos speaking a different language.
Follow the guidelines below in defending a claim of policy.

• State your proposal clearly. If you are to argue that a current policy or any
other solution is not effective, state your proposal in contrast with that policy
or solution.

• State the arguments for your proposed solution. Express why it is the best
action to take. If you are to compare it with a current policy or any other
solution, highlight the positive effects of your proposal. You can downplay its
flaws by comparing those flaws with those of the current policy or other
solutions.

• Support your claim with enough evidence. This evidence should show that
the solution is going to be a success and that it is attainable.

Key Points

• A claim of policy proposes an action that should be undertaken as a solution


to a particular problem. It makes use of words such as should, ought
to, and must.

• This claim may argue against an already established policy or solution. In


writing, the author aims to convince readers that the proposed solution would
indeed solve the given problem and that it is better than the current or any
other proposed course of action.

DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS?

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