COR JESU COLLEGE , INC.

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

Tres de Mayo, Digos City, Davao del Sur
Tel. # (082) 553-9714/Fax #: 553-2333

1ST SEMESTER
SY 2020-2021

MC 1 – HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION

General Direction: This is a 100-item test. Read each directions written in every type of test
and answer this within TWO hours.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the questions carefully and bold/highlight the letter/word of the
correct answer.

1. This muscle is a two bellied muscle that forms the curved half of the posterior leg and inserts
into the heel of the foot using the Achilles tendon. It is usually referred to as the calf and as the
“toe dancer’s” muscle.

a. soleus
b. tibialis
c. gastrocnemius
d. Sartorius

2. The _______ muscles help to move and make up the wall of the chest and are located between
the ribs.

a. abdominal
b. intercostal
c. adductor
d. oblique

3. The thick myofilament contains this protein.

a. calcium
b. tropomyosin
c. myosin
d. actin

4. Which of the following best allows the myosin head to detach from the actin and return to the
ready position.

a. An ADP molecule is replaced by an ATP molecule.

b. Tropomyosin covers the actin binding sites
c. The neuron signals the contraction to stop.
d. Calcium ions are removed

5. This muscle is a fairly weak muscle that arises on the humerus and enters the distal forearm,
where it mainly resides.

a. biceps brachii
b. brachialis
c. brachioradialis
d. triceps brachii

6. These muscles press the thighs together, and have their origins on the pelvis and insert on the
proximal aspect of the femur.

a. iliopsoas
b. gluteus medius
c. adductor muscles
d. gluteus maximus

7. This organelle stores calcium and releases it when the muscle needs to contract.

a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. sarcolemma
c. myofibril
d. sarcomere

8. Starts form the Z line to another Z line.

a. the Z disc
b. a sarcomere
c. the bare zone
d. the sarcolemma

9. This muscle group contains the semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus and is
located on the posterior thigh.

a. abdominalis
b. adductor muscles
c. hamstring
d. quadriceps

10. This is the toughest connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscles that covers the
entire muscle

a. perimysium
b. epimysium
c. exomysium
d. endomysium

11. This is also known as the smiling muscle, because it raises the corners of the mouth upward.

a. zygomaticus
b. iliopsoas
c. orbicularis oculi
d. orbicularis oris

12. This is the dark banded area of a skeletal muscle.

a. A band
b. M line
c. Z disc
d. I band
13. This type of ATP regeneration in the muscle is the most effective (yielding 36 ATP per
glucose) but is slow.

a. direct phosphorylation
b. aerobic respiration
c. lactic acid formation
d. anaerobic glycolysis

14. This is known as a single, brief, jerky contraction.

a. unfused tetanus
b. fused tetanus
c. muscle twitch
d. graded reponse

15. This chewing muscle covers the angle of the lower jaw and is used to close the jaw by
elevating the mandible.

a. temporalis
b. platysma
c. masseter
d. sternocleidomastoid

16. Which statement is correct for muscle contraction?

a. Length of A band shortens

b. Length of I band increase
c. Length of two Z lin increases
d. Length of H band decreases

17. When calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it binds to

a. Myosin
b. Troponin
c. Tropomyosin
d. T-tubule

18. What is the role of acetylcholine in calcium release?

a. Stimulates cellular contraction by opening voltage-gated ion channels

b. Stimulates postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors to release intracellular calcium
c. Binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing calcium release.
d. Binds to the T-tubules, causing calcium release

19. Which of the following correctly identifies muscle components in order from largest to
smallest?

a. Muscle fiber, fascicles, myofibrils

b. Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, fascicles
c. Fascicles, muscle bundle, myofibrils
d. Fascicles, muscle fiber, myofibrils
20. What is an aponeurosis?

a. a segment of muscle that is not attached to bone

b. an area of smooth muscle in the abdomen
c. A large, flat tendon that anchors muscle
d. A group of neurons that innervate striated muscle cells

21. A triad is formed by:

a. 1 Terminal Cisterna & 2 T-tubules

b. 2 T-tubules & 2 Terminal Cisternae
c. 1 T-tubule & 2 Terminal Cisternae
d. 1 T-tubule & 1 Terminal Cisterna

22. Which of the following joint classifications is the most moveable?

a. diarthrosis
b. synarthrosis
c. amphiarthrosis
d. fibrous joints

23. All synovial joints are:

a. immoveable
b. freely moveable
c. slightly moveable
d. none of the above

24. Which of the following joints consists of synovial fluid?

a. coronal suture of the skull

b. joint between each vertebrae
c. joint between the scapula and humerus
d. pubic symphysis

25. Since the shoulder joint is considered to be a ball & socket joints, it is a(n):

a. diarthrosic
b. synarthrosic
c. amphiarthrosic
d. fibrous joints

26. The knee joint is a _____ joint.

a. hinge
b. gliding
c. ball and socket
d. saddle

27. The joints that are formed between the bodies of the vertebrae are:

a. diarthroses
b. synarthroses
c. amphiarthroses
d. fibrous joints
28. Which of the following types of joints contains articular cartilage?

a. fibrous
b. synovial
c. cartilaginous
d. all of the above

29. Which of the following joints consists of a joint cavity?

a. diarthrosis
b. synarthrosis
c. amphiarthrosis
d. fibrous joints

30. Which of the following joints consists of a joint cavity?

a. suture
b. knee
c. intervertebral disc
d. pubic symphysis

II. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what muscle was asked in each item. USE RED FONT
COLOR IN ANSWERING. MISSPELLED WORDS WILL BE MARKED AS WRONG.

FUNCTION MUSCLE
1. Used in smiling ZYGOMATICUS MUSCLE
2. Flattens the cheek BUCCINATOR MUSCLE
3. Used in blinking and squinting ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE
4. Raises your eyebrows FRONTALIS MUSCLE
5. Your “kisser” ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE
6. A prime mover for arm flexion BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE
7. “praying” muscle STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE
8. Muscle for breathing (inhaling) DIAPHRAGM
9. Responsible for “sad/frown face” FRONTALIS MUSCLE

10. A prime mover for arm extension LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE

11. Important muscles when the arm must LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE
be brought down in a power stroke
12. Muscle for breathing (exhaling) INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
13. Lifts the ulna ACONEUS MUSCLE
14. Keep the upper body from falling ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE
backward when we are standing erect
15. prime mover for plantar flexion of the EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
foot MUSCLE
16. acts as synergist to bring about the SARTORIUS MUSCLE
cross-legged position.
17. Compress the abdominal contents RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE
 during defecation and childbirth
18. Prime movers of arm abduction DELTOID MUSCLE
19. “boxer’s” muscle SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE
20. Most important muscle in extending GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
the hip when power is needed, as
when climbing or when jumping

III. CRITICAL THINKING (10 points)

1. What is cross-bridge cycle

Proteins myosin and actin are responsible for the contraction of muscle cells. To get a good sense
of how tiny proteins in our muscle cells cause muscle contraction, I would first discuss in
pertinence to a small section of the sarcomere. The structure in the skeletal muscles that is
responsible for enerating force. In the sarcomere, there are a variety of proteins. For instance,
the thick filament, comprised mostly of the protein myosin and the thin filament composed
primarily of the protein actin. Along the thin filament, there is also a couple of proteins including
tropomyosin and troponin. These four proteins together will help control if or how much force
this muscle fiber sarcomere can generate.

2. How does action potential travels from neuron to skeletal muscle fibers?
Muscle contraction is initiated by the brain via an action potential. This action potential
causes a influx of calcium ions that bind troponin. A protein on the actin filament. This
causes a change in in actin that exposes myosin binding sites.

3. What is the importance of Calcium in contraction of muscle?

When muscles need to contract, calcium binds with troponin which is then directly
attached to the tropomyosin. When calcium and troponin complex is formed, then they
remove the tropomyosin from the active site.

4. Explain sliding filament theory.

Skeletal muscles are muscles that we commonly use like biceps brachii or pectoralis
major. If we “zoom” into the muscle, we will be able to see how step by step our muscles
are able to contract or move. Myofibrils are long and thin fibers that hold multiple
contractor units called sarcomeres that run adjacent to it. Thousands of myofibrils are
compressed together and form an individual muscle fiber cell. Thousands of muscle cells
are also compressed together to form a single muscle fascicle or bundle. A skeletal
muscle is composed of musle bundles. Muscles will contract or relax when they receive
electrical signals from the brain or CNS. Each muscle fibers depend on the axon, which is
a neuro transmitter, to transmit a signal that subsequently causes a contraction.
 Sarcomeres are composed of paralleled, alternated thick and thin myofilaments which are
the ones who make every single muscle movement possible. A muscle contracting is all
about these thin filaments

5. Explain Cori Cycle.

“We may encounter many defeats, but we must not be defeated”

- Maya Angelou