Advantages of Three phare Dyrtem over Single phave Systems

Three phase apparatun is more efficient than aingle phove apparatus.

For the same capacity the hize of the three phase apparatur
in small than that of dingle phave apparatus.

3} For the same capacity the wnt of three phare apparatus is

lex than single phare appuratus.

4)Thoce phare Motor produce uniftim torgne where as torque produce

in single phare motor is pulsating.

3) Two different volteges canbe obtained in thre phaie ruystem

Where as only one voltage in lingle phase syptem.

o) single phare voltage can be obtained frum three phare syltem

but we cannot oblain three phare voltage from lingle phase syrtem.

#Three phaie motors are of self starting where as single phare

motors are not self starting.

Connecting single phase Generators in parallel give rise to harmonics

Where as connecting three phase Grenerators in parallel willnot
prodnce any harmonics.

I) The power factor of single phare motor'is poor than three

Phase motors.

10) Three phase syrtem gives Ateady output.

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 Three Phase Connections :-

There are two types of three phare connections

Star Connection

Delta Connection

R IR
Star Connection (Y):

er
A Star Connection E
Rm

is frmed, when one ERY

end of all three Eyn EB

n n
coils joined together EBR
at point n,&the ‫ا‬

other end of all Iy

EyB

three coils Fare being B

IB
free as shown in fig.
The point"n"is known as the nentral point

Line voltuges ERy, EyB f EBR

7

(E)
()Line currents I.R, Iy & Iв

(Enn)Phore voltages> ERn, Eyn f EBn I=Iph

(Fpn)Phare Currents-> IR, IytIB

The vector diagram for line & phare voltage for 1tar Conneltin
is shown in fig

ERy= ERn +Eny

=
ERn -Eyn

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 Extend the ERn, Eym& EBn
in the same direction through
Common point 'n'.
Ey
EB EBn n
U- Eyn
-
120° 120

°
1200 120 60 120°
In ader to get
60°
-Eyn Project
-EynL the Eyn in

V oppunite direction
ERn
ERn

!!!
liv

EBn
Eyn EBn
Eyn
120°

°
120 60 120
120

-Eyn 30 Go
Eyn 30°
Go

30 Draw a 1 line
30°
C Ac on оB,

Rn
such that
ERn
A
OC=CB=OB/2
4also LA0C =30°
ERY B ERY fom Ale OAC

The vector sumof

W.K.T
Cos &= Adj
Hyp
ERn &-Eyn gives ERy(Raultonnt Vecth) OC 0B/2
as shown in Vector diagram. CoS30 二 2

OA OA

= ERY
Z &ERn

Ery =√3ERn
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 E =J3Epи
Ph

linevoltage =J3 Phore voltage

The power connumed by the three phare circuit in given by

P= 3x power in each phare

= 3xEpn xIpn xWS4

= 3x ELxIp xwd
√3

xE

P =3ERI ws$

& is the angle between Epn &Ipn not blw ErtI

Delta Connection: R IR
>
R

IRY
l
re

EBR
ERY
ee
e

Delta Connection
ee

ERY
e
e

formed
e

is by
connecting three IBR
coih end to end
B
as shown in fig. Y
T
YB EYB
ЕуB EBR

B
IB

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Line voltage =Eg= ERy, Еув f ЕBR
Line Current
= Ig = IR, Iy fIBв E=Eph

Phase voltage = Ery, EуB

YB &EBR =E
Eph
Phase Current
= Iph=IRy,IYB & IBR

The vechos diagram of phare &line currents is as shown in fig.

Applying kCL at point 'R' IB

R
i>
IR+ IBR = IRY

Ip = IRy-IBR 120°

120 ->I
120°
YB
Extend the IRy,IyB+IBR
in the same direction

through a wnmon node.

IR
IBR Y

120°

120° YB
60

60°

In order to get
-IBR -IBR Project the
IRY
IBR in opporite
direction.

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IBR
R

120

120
120° YB
60

60°
30° 30°

R
-IBR
IRY
The vector sum of

IRY 4 -IBR give

I Resultant vector IR
R
as shown in vector diagram.

IBR

120

120° 피
YB
120° 60°
traw a 1lar line AC
60°
OВ, such that
On
30°
30
OC CB=03/24
=

AK -IB alio 1A0C=30° from BOAC

R
IRY N.K.T CS9= Ads
Hup
OB
C130°= 0с
OA 20A

IR 3/7= IR/XIRY
B
IR √3IRY
=

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 I=J3Ipn

line Current = √3 Phare Current

The 3phare power is given by

Р= 3 Ерh Ipn Wsep

=3 Ex 18

= 3AE I

P=√3EeIew$

Measurement of Power in a 3$ ciruits:

Wattmeter is the Instrument which wed ‫اللا‬
Supply
to measure power in an electric ciruit.

It consits of
i) Current coil (mmt) => Which is connected in series wit

the circuit though which line current flows.

ii) Voltage coil (ENWk) >which is coxnmected across the

Cirauit.

Three Wattmeters may be connected in each phare & the

algebraic sum of three readings give the total power

Connumed by the three phare circuits.

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TWO WATTMETERS METHOD
IR W
1
M‫و‬ L
R
C V

E
Rn

ERY
EBR n 소
Eyn Eo
n

‫ר‬

EBy C v

B M L
I. W2

Only two wattmeters are connected to measure power in 3ф

cirauits. The way in which two wattmeters are connected is as
shown in fig.
When a balanced supply is given to balanced load, the currents
fows through the 3& will be equal in magnitude &are displaced
by 120 apart from each other.

The reading of wattmeter in givenby

Voltage aсrом
W= X Current through х Cusine of the angle
voltage coil Current Coil b/w Voltuge &Current

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 W₂= ERYIR sERytiR
f
W₂= EBy I s/EBytIB C

The angk b/w ERy fIR and b/w EBy &IB

B are found
by the vector diagram as shown. Extend ERn,Eyn 4ERn
along the samedirection through
ERY=ERn+Eny i> Common pcint'n'
Yn
EBи
ERn-Eyn 7
=

- --
Еву = Еви+Eny 120° -

= E&n -Eyn
120
120

EBn
EYn
R

120

120
Indider to get ERn
60 120 -Eyn Project Eyn
in opponite direction.
신
60°

-Eyn

the load as Induitire.,the

ERn
Ariuming
iv) Phore current lags the phare roltage
The vector Aum of ERn f-Eyn by an angle &. Mark the IRbehind
and E6n 4-EBn gives Resultant Vector ERn f IB behind Евn by making
ERY 4 EBY Rrerpectively as shown in an angle &.as shown in vector dicegram.
vector diagram.
EBn
EBn IB
Eyn Eyn
30 120°
'+ 120
EBy 60 (30 30

120 120° EBYF 30

120
30
30

60
4
-Ey 30 >30-$)
30

IR
‫لا‬
1
ERn ERn

ERY
ERY

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Hence the angle blw ERy&IR is (30-4)
& the angle blN EByfa3 is (30+
$) obtained by rectordiagram.

sERytiR E1 (30- 4)
1 = ERY IR
W₁
=

EI,wS(30 +4) 2
Is
W₂= EBy IB GslFay&
=

r co ns um ed in gi ve n b y the addition of two

The totul Po we
Wattmeter readings.

ie by adding Sath ①&@

ws(30-4) + EI w1(30+4)
P= W, + W₂ = E I

= EI[(30-4)+ os(30+4)]
= EI 2cos 30Cos

= EI1X√3 右 cos

P =√3EI

Thus it in proved that two wattmeters are sufficient to

measure Power in 3$ Circuit.

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POWER FACTOR CALCULATION BY THO WATTMETER METHOD

W.K.T

W=E, I, 0s(30-4)

W₂= EpIe W3(30 +4)

W,+W₂= E₂Ie[cosB0-4) + 1(30+]

= ET 2 can30 cop = Exx(5)

Wi+W₂ =√3 EIecs$

W-W₂ =.E₄I [os(30-4) - (30+)]

= EyIe 2 Ain3 ind =E I2(Y)sin4

W,-W₂ = EpIe лind >

2
W-W2 Eresind =tand
√3
Wi+W2 √3 s

√3 (W,-W₂(
tan$ =
(W,+W₂)

f.J3
$=ton" & N ?
(W,-We)
3C(W-

The Power factor is given by cosp

on both ride by Cos

CoB tan'fJ3(W-W2)
[Lan1(W,+Wa)

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