ESE Prelims Paper I Previous Year Questions

Basics of Material Science and Engineering

1. Consider the following statements regarding metallic bonding

1. The metallic sharing changes with time and the bonding electrons resonate between
different atoms.
2. The metallic state can be visualized as an array of positive ions, with a common pool
of electrons to which all the metal atoms have contributed their outer electrons.
3. These electrons have freedom to move anywhere within the crystal and act like an
all-pervasive, mobile glue holding the ion cores together. Which of the above
statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[Year 2024]
Ans. (d)
2. Consider the following statements regarding phase diagram rules for the crystal:
1. According to the Gibbs phase rule, the degree of freedom (F) = Number of
components (C) + Number of phases (P) + 2.
2. The tie-line rule is applied to determine the compositions of two-coexisting phases
in a binary phase diagram.
3. In the lever rule, the tie-line at the temperature of interest is treated as a lever arm,
with the fulcrum at the overall composition.
Which of the above statement are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[Year 2024]
3. Consider the following statements regarding effect of minor elements on steel
properties:
1. Sulphur is present in steel either as iron sulphide or manganese sulphide and during
the rolling or forging of steel, iron sulphide present in steel gets cracked/teared.
2. Silicon, in the form of ferro-silicon, is used widely as a deoxidant due to its low cost
and high efficiency.
3. Silicon opposes the presence of iron oxide (FeO) which is very much detrimental to
properties of steel.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3

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[Year 2024]
Ans. (d)
4. Consider the following statements regarding cast iron:
1. Gray cast irons can be classified depending on the shape of graphite that may be
present in the form of either flakes or globules.
2. A class of cast iron known as Malleable obtained by treating molten metal by calcium
silicide.
3. Meehanite cast irons have graphite nodules but are produced by heat treating white
cast irons.
Which of the above statements are NOT correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[Year 2024]
Ans. (c)
5. Consider the following statements regarding the characteristics of covalent compounds
and covalent solids:
1. Covalent compounds are soluble in paraffins.
2. Covalent solids do not form closed-packet structures because the covalent bonds are
very strong and rigid.
3. The simplest covalent structure is that of diamond which is fairly open and empty
and far from close-packed. Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[Year 2024]
Ans. (b)
6. Consider the following statements regarding the gas caburizing.
1. Case depth can be obtained accurately.
2. More floor space is required than pack carburizing.
3. Process is rapid as less time is required than in pack carburizing. Which of the above
statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[Year 2024]

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Ans. (b)

7. When a pair of one cation and one anion are absent from an ionic crystal, then the defect
is called
(a) Schottky's defect (b) Frenkel's defect
(c) Cross-slip defect (d) Stacking defect
(Year 2023)
Ans. A

8. The diffusion coefficient for copper in aluminum at 500°C and 600°C are 4.8 × 10-14
m2/s and 5.3 × 10-3 m2/s respectively. What is the approximate time at 500°C that will
produce the same diffusion result (in terms of concentration of copper at some specific
point in aluminium) as 10 h heat treatment at 600°C ?
(a) 110.4 h (b) 152.4 h
(c) 210.4 h (d) 252.4 h
(Year 2023)
Ans.

9. A relatively large plate of a glass is subjected to a tensile stress of 40 MPa. If the specific
surface energy and modulus of elasticity for this glass are 0-3 J/m2 and 69 GPa,
respectively, what is approximate maximum length of a surface flaw that is possible
without fracture ?
(a) 6.2 µm (b) 8.2 µm
(c) 10.2 µm (d) 12.2 µm
(Year 2023)
Ans. B

10. A piece of copper originally 305 mm long is pulled in tension with a stress of 276 MPa.
If the deformation is entirely elastic, what is the resultant elongation approximately ?
(a) 3.3 mm (b) 0.33 mm
(c) 0.77 mm (d) 7.7 mm
(Year 2023)
Ans. C
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11. What is the approximate value of ductility (%EL) of a cylindrical copper rod if it is cold
worked such that the diameter is reduced from 15.2 mm to 12.2 mm ? (Take the tensile
strength from the curve for copper as 340 MPa)
(a) 7% (b) 3.56%
(c) 70% (d) 35.6%
(Year 2023)
Ans. A

12. The density of -Fe is 7.87 × 103 kg/m3. Atomic weight of Fe is 55.8. If -Fe
crystallises in BCC space lattice, what is the lattice constant approximately ? (Take
Avogadro's number (N) = 6.02 × 1026/kg/mole and number of atoms per unit cell is 2)
(a) 0.666 Ǻ (b) 1.766 Ǻ
(c) 2.866 Ǻ (d) 3.966 Ǻ
(Year 2023)
Ans. C
13. Which one of the following is NOT a classification of microscopic diffusion ?
(a) Inter-diffusion (b) Vacancy diffusion
(c) Surface diffusion (d) Lattice diffusion
(Year 2022)
Ans. B

14. Many bulk polymers that are crystallized from a melt, are semi crystalline and form
which one of the following structures ?
(a) Spherolite structure (b) Spherelite structure
(c) Spherulite structure (d) Spherilite structure
(Year 2022)
Ans. C

15. 'Positive and negative ions by virtue of their net electrical charge, attract one another,'
these attractive bonding forces are
(a) Coulombic (b) Magnetic
(c) Electromagnetic (d) Non-magnetic
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(Year 2022)
Ans. A

16. The process by which plastic deformation is produced by dislocation motion is termed
as
(a) Plane slit (b) Seepage
(c) Slip (d) Twinning
(Year 2022)
Ans. C
17. Match the following:
I II
A. Thompson 1. The concept of converting mechanical
work into heat
B. James P. Joule 2. The theory of relativity
C. Max Planck 3. The energy characteristics of light
D. Albert Einstein 4. The energy equivalence between heat,
work and electric power
Select the correct matching using the code given below:

A B C D
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 1 2 3 4
(Year 2021)
Ans. B

18. Which one of the following is a ‘soft coal’?

(a) anthracite (b) bituminous
(c) lignite (d) magnetite
(Year 2021)
Ans. B

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19. The purpose of oil in a transformer is to

(a) protect the transformer from rusting
(b) avoid wear and tear of the transformer
(c) transfer heat from winding and core to the cooling surfaces of the transformer
(d) avoid noise in a transformer
(Year 2021)
Ans. C

20. For a semiconductor to be called as p-type semiconductor, which one of the following
element impurities are added to a pure semiconductor?
(a) Phosphorus (b) Arsenic
(c) Antimony (d) Boron
(Year 2021)
Ans. D

21. Impure semiconductor

(a) has more conductivity in contrast to pure semiconductor
(b) has less conductivity in contrast to pure semiconductor
(c) has electrons and holes in equal number
(d) has a fermi level which is in the centre of conduction and valence bands
(Year 2021)
Ans. A

22. Which one of the following is the disadvantage of ion-implantation over diffusion
dopinp?
(a) It is a low temperature process
(b) Point imperfections are not produced
(c) Shallow doping is possible
(Year 2021)
(d) Gettering is possible
Ans. B

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23. Which one of the following is correct in n-p-n transistor?

(a) Collector and emitter terminals can be exchanged
(b) Collector is heavily doped, base width is small and emitter area is large
(c) Emitter, base and collector regions are equally doped
(d) Emitter is heavily doped, base width is small and collector area is large
(Year 2021)
Ans. D

24. Which one of the following factors does NOT characterize the formation of non-
crystalline structure?
(a) Presence of primary bonds in the directions
(b) Non-formation of three-dimensional primary bond
(c) Weak secondary bond
(d) Open network of the atomic packing
(Year 2021)
Ans. A
25. Technical textiles are
(a) the high-tenacity fibres which are lightest and toughest fabrics mainly used in
automobile and aerospace industries
(b) the toughest fabrics which are much heavier than polyester and used in power
industries
(c) the toughest fabrics having rigidity mainly used in polyhouse construction
(d) the high-tenacity fabrics having fire resistance property
(Year 2020)
Ans. A

26. In which one of the following types of bonds, the bond formation is by free moving
electrons in an array of positive ions?
(a) Homopolar bond (b) Electrostatic bond
(c) Metallic bond (d) Covalent bond
(Year 2020)
Ans. C
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27. If a pair of one cation and one anion is missing in an ionic crystal such that those pairs
of ions are equal to maintain electrical neutrality, then that pair of vacant sites is called
(a) Schottky imperfection (b) pair of vacancies
(c) Frenkel defect (d) point imperfection
(Year 2020)
Ans. A

28. Which of the following are the characteristics of covalent compounds?

1. They are mostly gases and liquids.
2. They are usually electric insulators.
3. They are directional in nature.
4. They are insoluble in polar solvents like water but are soluble in non-polar solvents.
(a) 1, 1 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(Year 2020)
Ans. D

29. The photoelectric current depends on which of the following factors?

1. The frequency of the incident light
2. The intensity of the incident light
3. The potential difference between the electrodes
4. The photosensitivity of the non-metal
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
(Year 2020)
Ans. B

30. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding ductile fracture?
(a) Fractured surfaces are crystalline in appearance.
(b) There is virtually no reduction in cross-sectional area during fracture.
(c) Fracture takes place after necking with little sound.
(d) Percentage elongation is about 60% prior to fracture occurs.
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(Year 2020)
Ans. C

31. Which of the following factors are affecting critical shear stresses?
1. Purity of metals reduces the critical shear stress
2. Surface films greatly enhance the critical shear stress
3. Rise in temperature
4. Rate of deformation and the extent of initial deformation also help in raising the
critical shear stress
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(Year 2020)
Ans. D

32. Which one of the following types of materials is having high remanence, coercivity and
saturation flux density as well as low permeability and high hysteresis energy losses?
(a) Soft magnetic materials (b) Hard magnetic materials
(c) Hard electrical materials (d) Soft electrical materials
(Year 2020)
Ans. B

33. Polymers having strong primary bonds throughout, often formed by condensation
polymerization, and their structure resembles one large molecule, are known as
(a) thermoplastic polymers (b) thermosoftening polymers
(c) thermosetting polymers (d) random polymers
(Year 2020)
Ans. C

34. An FET is a semiconductor device with the output current controlled, by an electric
field and its current is carried predominantly by one type of carriers. It is known as
(a) junction transistor (b) unipolar transistor
(c) MOSFET (d) IGBT
(Year 2020)
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Ans. B

35. Which one of the following is the trade name of polycarbonates?

(a) Alathon (b) Baylon
(c) Bexphane (d) Cycolaq
(Year 2020)
Ans. B
36. Consider the following Repeat Unit Structure :

What is the above polymer ?

(a) Poly(amide - imide) (b) Polyacrylonitrile
(c) Polybutadiene (d) Polyethylene
(Year 2019)
Ans. B

37. In a stable ceramic crystal structure, a ^cation is surrounded by three anions in the form
of a planar equilateral triangle. The ratio of the cation-anion radius for the crystal is
nearly
(a) 0.16 (b) 0.24
(c) 0.32 (d) 0.41
(Year 2019)
Ans. A

38. During tensile testing of a material, if cross-sectional area of the specimen is doubled,
the load required to produce the same elongation shall be
(a) Double (b) Half
(c) Same (d) Four times
(Year 2019)
Ans. A

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39. When two or more chemically different monomers are polymerized to form a cross link
polymer along with some byproduct such as water, the process is L known as
(a) Crystallographic polymerization (b) Addition polymerization
(c) Copolymerization (d) Condensation polymerization
(Year 2019)
Ans. D

40. The number of atoms per unit length whose centres lie on the direction vector for a
specific crystallographic direction is called
(a) Linear density (b) Theoretical density
(c) Atomic density (d) Avogadro number
(Year 2019)
Ans. A

41. Which of the following features of atoms determine the degree to which the solute
atoms dissolve in the solvent atoms ?
1. Atomic size factor 2. Crystal structure 3.
Electronegativity
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(Year 2019)
Ans. D

42. A state for ionic compounds wherein there is the exact ratio of cations to anions as
predicted by the chemical formula is
(a) Electroneutrality (b) Stoichiometry
(c) Eudiometry (d) Frankel defect
(Year 2019)
Ans. B

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43. The capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then,
upon unloading, to have this energy recovered is called
(a) Ductility (b) Tensile strength
(c) Elasticity (d) Resilience
(Year 2019)
Ans. D

44. In which one of the following phase transformations, there are no compositional
alterations ?
(a) Incongruent transformations
(b) Congruent transformations
(c) Non-equilibrium transformations
(d) Equilibrium transformations
(Year 2019)
Ans. B

45. In a simple cubic structure, atomic power factor is nearly

(a) 0.9 (b) 0.7
(c) 0.5 (d) 0.3
(Year 2019)
46. For a vehicle travelling at 24 km/hr having a wheel radius of 0305 m with overall gear
ratio G = 19915, and when torque transmitted is 2036 N.m, the engine speed and
power are, nearly
(a) 4155 rpm and 886 kW (b) 4500 rpm and 886 kW
(c) 4155 rpm and 954 kW (d) 4500 rpm and 954 Kw
(Year 2018)
Ans. A

47 A rod of length L, cross-section area A1 and modulus of elasticity E1, has been placed
inside a tube of length L, of cross-section area A2 and modulus of elasticity E2, and the
two are firmly held by end plates. The portion of the load P applied on the end plates
shared by rod and tube, respectively, are

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P A1E1 P A2 E2 P A2E2 P A1 E1
(a) and (b) and
A1 E1  A 2 E 2 A1E1  A 2 E 2 A1 E1  A 2 E 2 A1E1  A 2 E 2

P A1E1 P A2 E2 P A1E1 P A2 E2
(c) and (d) and
A1 E1  A 2 E1 A1E 2  A 2 E 2 A1  A 2 A1  A 2
(Year 2018)
Ans. A

48. A weight of 240 N is dropped on to a close-coiled helical spring made up of 18 mm

spring steel wire. The spring consists of 22 coils wound to a diameter of 180 mm. If the
instantaneous compression is 120 mm, what is the height of drop of the weight, given
G = 88  103 N/mm2?
(a) 450 mm (b) 300 mm
(c) 250 mm (d) 150 mm
(Year 2018)
Ans. D

49. Consider the following characteristics with respect to Alpha particles:

1. They have large specific ionization values.
2. They dissipate their energy rather slowly.
3. They can penetrate the outer layer of human skin.
4. Their emitters are heavy elements.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 2 and 3 only
(Year 2018)
Ans. A

50. The process of removing irregular portions of stones and facilitating their easy
transportation is known as
(a) Quarrying (b) Reticulating
(c) Dressing (d) Pointing
(Year 2018)
Ans. C
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51. On which of the following factors does hysteresis loss depend?

1. Magnetic field intensity 2. Frequency of the field
3. Volume of material 4. Neel temperature
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
(Year 2018)
Ans. D

52. What is the volume of an FCC unit cell in terms of its atomic radius R?
(a) 3 R3 (b) 16 R3 3

(c) 16 R3 3 (d) 2 R3
(Year 2018)
Ans. B

53. How much sulphur is required per 100 kg of final rubber product to completely
crosslink butadiene rubber?
(a) 17 kg (b) 27 kg
(c) 37 kg (d) 47 kg
(Year 2018)
Ans. C

54. Which one of the following is termed as sacrificial protection of metal?

(a) Galvanization (b) Tinning
(c) Organic coating (d) Inorganic coating
(Year 2018)
Ans. A

55. The material used in the production of bearings is

(a) Cast iron (b) Babbitt metal
(c) Pig iron (d) Steel
(Year 2018)

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Ans. B
56. Malleable cast iron is produced
1. By quick cooling of cast iron.
2. By adding magnesium to molten cast iron.
3. From white cast iron by annealing.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(Year 2018)
Ans. C

57. The critical temperature above which ferromagnetic materials lose their magnetic
property is called
(a) Kelvin point (b) Curie point
(c) Recrystallization point (d) Celsius point
(Year 2018)
Ans. B

58. The Hall Effect may be used to

1. Determine whether the semiconductor is p-type or n-type.
2. Determine the carrier concentration.
3. Calculate the mobility.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(Year 2018)
Ans. D

59. Consider the following statements:

1. Material science deals with the strength and stiffness behaviour of components
(buildings/machines/vehicle facilities) ) based on their response to imposed! stresses
(forces, moments, torque, etc.).

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2. Material properties are dependent on their micro-structure and response to force

fields and surface interaction.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(Year 2018)
Ans. B

Directions:
Each of the next twenty (20) items consists of two statements, one labelled as
‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully
and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:
Codes:
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the
correct explanation of Statement (I)
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not)
the correct explanation of Statement (I)
(c) Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false
(d) Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true

60. Statement (I):

Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.
Statement (II):
Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases do not
contain an equal number of atoms.
(Year 2018)
Ans. C

61. Statement (I):

High strength, super-duralumin alloys are adopted in the manufacture of aero engines.
Statement (II):
Precipitation heat treatment is adopted for duralumin products.
(Year 2018)
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Ans. B

62. Statement (I):

Metal carbides and carbon are used as refractories as they resist oxidation.
Statement (II):
Metal carbides and carbon are not particularly suitable for high temperature
applications.
(Year 2018)
Ans. C

63. Statement (I):

Long chain polymers are weaker than most ceramics and metals.
Statement (II):
The molecular chains in long chain polymers are bonded to each other with Van der
Waals bonds.
(Year 2018)
Ans. A

64. Statement (I):

Mechanically, pearlite has properties intermediate between the soft ductile ferrite and
the hard brittle cementite.
Statement (II):
Alpha iron can be made magnetic above 768°C.
(Year 2018)
Ans. C
65. A 15 kW motor drives a bar of boring machine of 30 mm diameter, twisting it through
0.01 radian, if the shear stress induced is 48 MPa and compressive stress is 57 MPa, the
length of the bar whose G = 0-80  l05 MPa is
(a) 400 mm (b) 350 mm
(c) 300 mm (d) 250 mm
(Year 2017)
Ans. D

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66. Consider the following statements regarding V-belt drive:

1. The groove angle of the sleeve is less than the belt section angle
2. The efficiency of a V-belt drive is higher than that of a flat belt drive
3. The groove angle is so made that the belt gets wedged in the groove
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
(Year 2017)
Ans. C

67. Which industrial waste is commonly used in construction industry?

(a) Fly ash (b) Slag
(c) Sludge (d) Red oxide
(Year 2017)
Ans. A

68. Phenol and formaldehyde are polymerized to a resultant product known as

(a) PVC (b) Bakelite
(c) Polyester (d) Teflon
(Year 2017)
Ans. B
69. Consider the following statements regarding water:
1. Water is a polar molecule
2. Water molecules align themselves in an electric field
3. Water molecules vary their alignment if the applied electric polarity changes with
time
4. Water molecules align themselves in a magnetic field
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(Year 2017)
Ans. A

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70. Consider the following assumptions made while developing the ionic packing theory:
1. Cations and anions are spherical but these spheres are not hard
2. Cations are always smaller than anions
3. Each cation would tend to be surrounded by the maximum number of anions
permitted by geometry
4. Cations and anions do not touch each other
Which of the above assumptions are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
(Year 2017)
Ans. D

71. Consider the following statements:

1. Asphalt is a naturally occurring product having non-crystalline structure
2. Rock Asphalt occurs in lime-stones or sandstones
3. Tar is a residue left after distillation of crude oil
4. Resins in Asphalt provide the stickiness to the product
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(Year 2017)
Ans. C

72. Consider the following statements

1. Baking soda is used in fire extinguishers
2. Quick lime is used in the manufacture of glass
Which of the above statements is/arc correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(Year 2017)
Ans. C

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 ESE Prelims Paper I Previous Year Questions
Basics of Material Science and Engineering

73. In the case of ionic bonding, the molecule is stable as long as the number of bonding
electrons is
(a) Equal to the number of antibonding electrons
(b) Less than the number of antibonding electrons
(c) Greater than the number of anti-bonding electrons
(d) Equal to the number of antibonding neutrons
(Year 2017)
Ans. C

74. A resistor measures 4 at 40oC and 6 at 80oC. At 0oC the resistor will measure
(a) 1.5 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
(Year 2017)
Ans. B

75. Fatigue resistance of materials can be improved by:

1. Shot peening
2. Polishing the surface
Which of the above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(Year 2017)
Ans. C

Directions:
Each of the next Ten (10) items consists of two statements, one labelled as 'Statement
(I)' and the other as 'Statement (II)'. Examine these two statements carefully and select
the answers to these items using the codes given below:
Codes:
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the
correct explanation of Statement (I)
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is not
the correct explanation of Statement (I)
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 ESE Prelims Paper I Previous Year Questions
Basics of Material Science and Engineering

(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false

(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
(Year 2017)

76. Statement (I): Graph between potential energy of spring versus the extension or com-
pression of the spring is a straight line.
Statement (II): Potential energy of a stretched or compressed spring, is directly pro-
portional to square of extension or compression.
(Year 2017)
Ans. D

77. Statement (I): Fatigue failure is a stress which is lower than the yield strength of a
metal.
Statement (II): Repeated straining lowers the yield strength.
(Year 2017)
Ans. A

78. Statement (I): Physical properties of composite materials are generally isotropic.
Statement (II): The stiffness of composite panel will often depend upon the orientation
of the applied forces and/or moments.
(Year 2017)
Ans. D

79. Statement (I): Manganese is always added to steels since it combines with the sulphur
content to form manganese sulphide.
Statement (II): If manganese is not added, iron sulphide which is not harmful for steel,
would form.
(Year 2017)
Ans. C

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