Mathematics asmsciselacaioaeaa (Chapter- 14) eee) oe Exercise) ‘Question 1: A box contains 10 red marbles, 20 blue marbles and 30 green marbles. 5 marbles are drawn from the box, what is the probability that all will be blue? (ii) at least one will be green? ‘Answer 1: ‘Total number of marbles = 10 + 20 + 30 = 60 Number of ways of drawing 5 marbles from 60 marbles = “Cs (@) Allthe drawn marbles will be blue if we draw 5 marbles out of 20 blue marbles. 5 blue marbles can be drawn from 20 blue marbles in 2°Cs ways. Probability that all marbles will be blue = 20Cs/%Cs (i) Number of ways in which the drawn marble is not green = 20+10€5 Probability that no marble is green = 3°C5/%Cs, Probability that at least one marble is green = 1 ~°Cs/%Cs ‘Question 2: 4 cards are drawn from a well ~ shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of obtaining 3 diamonds and one spade? answer 2: Number of ways of drawing 4 cards from 52 cards = 52C Ina deck of 52 cards, there are 13 diamonds and 13 s| Number of ways of drawing 3 diamonds and one spade = "Cs x C1 Thus, the probability of obtaining 3 diamonds and one spade = (!9C3 x "8C1)/52C1 ‘Question 3: A die has two faces each with number ‘1’, three faces each with number ‘2’ and one face with number ‘3’ If die is rolled once, determine i) P(2) (ii) PQ or 3) (iii) P(not 3) Answer 3: Total number of faces = 6 (© Number of faces with number '2' = 3, therefore P@y=2=5 (ii) Number of faces with number ‘1’ or ‘3' = 3, therefore P(Lor 3) = Gil) P(not 3) = 1- PG ‘Question 4: Ina certain lottery 10,000 tickets are sold and ten equal prizes are awarded. What is the probability of not getting a prize if you buy (a) one ticket (b) two tickets (c) 10 tickets? Answer 4: Total number of tickets sold = 10,000 Number prizes awarded = 10 (a) Ifwe buy one ticket, then 10 1 10000 1000 P (not getting aprize) = 1 - P(gettinga prize) = 1 P (getting a prize) = 1 1000Mathematics (wwwAiwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 14) (Probability) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Glass 11) (b) Ifwe buy two tickets, then number of tickets not awarded = 10,000 ~ 10 = 9990 9990 P(not getting a prize) = Tome 2 (©) Ifwe buy 10 tickets, then number of tickets not awarded = 10,000 — 10 = 9990 9990 j: Cro P(not getting a prize) = Faap%¢~ ‘Question 5: ‘Out of 100 students, two sections of 40 and 60 are formed. If you and your friend are among the 100 students, what is the probability that a) you both enter the same section? (b) you both enter the different sections? Answer 5: My friend and | are among the 100 students. Total number of ways of selecting 2 students out of 100 students = "°C, (a) The two of us will enter the same section if both of us are among 40 students or among 60 students. Number of ways in which both of us enter the same section = *°C, + °C, ‘Therefore, Probability that both of us enter the same section 40! _§C, +, _ argent zrgmT 40x 39-4 60x59 _17 =—i00¢, =" 1001-00 K99 ~*~ (b) The probability that we both enter the different sections = 1 - P (both enter the same section) 17_ (16 1733 BB ‘(Question 6: Three letters are dictated to three persons and an envelope is addressed to each of them, the letters are inserted into the envelopes at random so that each envelope contains exactly one letter. Find the probability that at least one letter is in its proper envelope. Answer 6: Let Li, Lz, Ls be three letters and E, Ez, and Es be their corresponding envelops respectively. There are 6 ways of inserting 3 letters in 3 envelops. These are as follows: S= {(L1 Es, Le Es, Lo Ba), (L2 Eo, La Bs, La Bi), (La Bs, La Be, Le E1), (Li Es, Le Ez, La Es), (Li E2, L2 Es, La Ei), (L1 Es, Lz Bt, Ls E2)) ‘There are 4 ways in which at least one letter is inserted in a proper envelope, These are as follows: A= {(Li Le Es La Bp), (La Ba, La Es, La Bs), (Ls Bs, Ls Ba, La Es) (La Bs La Ba La BD} ‘Thus, the required probability P(A) = Question 7: Aand Bare two events such that P(A) = 0.54, P(B) = 0.69 and P (A NB) = 0.35. Find i) P(AUB) (ii) P(N) (iii) P(A NB’) (iv) (BNA) Answer 7: Itis given that P(A) = 0.54, P(B) = 0.69, P (ANB) = 0.35 (We know that P (A UB) = P(A) + P(B) - P (ANB) P(A UB) = 0.54 + 0.69 — 0.35 = 0.88 (ii) We know that A’ B' = 1- P(AUB) «-P(A'NB!) =1-P (AUB) = 1-088 = 0.12 (iii) P (A 1B’) = P(A) - P (AB) = 0.54 — 0.35 = 0.19Mathematics agiiveciaietenseaah (Chapter- 14) (Probability) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Class 11) (iv) We know that: n (BN A’) = n(B) - n (ANB) 5 n(BN A’) n(B) _ n(ANB) nS) nS) nS) ‘Therefore, P (BN A’) = P(B) - P (ANB) = 0.69 - 0.35 = 0.34 ‘Question 8: From the employees ofa company, 5 persons are selected to represent them in the managing committee of the company. Particulars of five persons are as follows: S.No. Name Sex Agein years 1. Harish M 30 2 Rohan M 33 3 Sheetal =F 46 4 Alis: F 28 5. Salim M aL A person is selected at random from this group to act as a spokesperson. What is the probability that the spokesperson will be either male or over 35 years? Eanswer 8: Let E be the event in which the spokesperson will be a male and F be the event in which the spokesperson will be over 35 years of age. So, P(E) 2 and P(F) = : Since there is only one male who is over 35 years of age, therefore, P(E 9 F) Z Using the relation, P (EU F) = P(E) + P(F) -P (ENF), we have P(EUF) = 32 Fe sts 75-5 Hence, the probability that the spokesperson will be either male or over 35 years is t Question 9: If 4-digit numbers greater than 5,000 are randomly formed from the digits 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7, what is the probability of forming a number divisible by 5 when, (i) the digits are repeated? (ii) the repetition of digits is not allowed? Eanswer 9: (@ When the digits are repeated, to form a four-digit numbers greater than S000 are formed, the leftmost digit is either 7 or 5. The remaining 3 places can be filled by any of the digits 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 as repetition of digits is allowed. “Total number of 4-digit numbers greater than 5000 =2.x5.x5 x 5—1=250— [In this case, 5000 cannot be counted; so 1 is subtracted] Anumber is divisible by 5 if the digitat its unit's place is either 0 or 5. ‘Total number of 4-digit numbers greater than 5000 that are divisible by 5 = 2 5x 5x 2—1= 100-1=99 249 99 33 249 83" (Gi) When repetition of digits is not allowed, the thousands place can be filled with either of the two digits 5 or 7. ‘The remaining 3 places can be filled with any of the remaining 4 digits. ‘Total number of 4-digit numbers greater than 5000 = 2x 4 x 3 x 2= 48 When the digit at the thousands place is 5, the unit's place can be filled only with 0 and the tens and hundreds places can be filled with any two of the remaining 3 digits. ‘Thus, the probability of forming a number divisible by 5 when the digits are repeated is,Mathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter- 14) (Probability) (Miscellaneous Exercise) (Glass 11) Here, number of 4-digit numbers starting with 5 and divisible by 5 =3 x 2=6 ‘When the digit at the thousands place is 7, the unit's place can be filled in two ways (0 or 5) and the tens and hundreds places can be filled with any two of the remaining 3 digits. Here, number of 4-digit numbers starting with 7 and divisible by 5 = 1 x 2x 3 x 2=12 ‘Total number of 4-digit numbers greater than 5000 that are divisible by 5 = 6 + 12= 18 ‘Thus, the probability of forming a number divisible by 5 when the repetition of digits is not allowed 183 ‘Question 10: ‘The number lock of a suitcase has 4 wheels, each labelled with ten digits Le,, from 0 to 9. The lock opens with a sequence of four digits with no repeats. What is the probability of a person getting the right sequence to open the suitcase? Eanswer 10: ‘The number lock has 4 wheels, each labelled with ten digits ie, from 0 to 9. Number of ways of selecting 4 different digits out of the 10 digits = "°c, Nowy, each combination of 4 different digits can be arranged in 4! Ways. Number of four digits with no repetitions = 4! *°C, = 5040 ‘There is only one number that can open the suitcase. ‘Thus, the required probability = a