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People as Resource

The document discusses the concept of people as resources, focusing on human capital, economic activities, quality of population, and unemployment. It highlights the differences in economic activities performed by men and women, the importance of education and health for a productive population, and the types of unemployment prevalent in rural and urban areas. Key terms such as Gross National Product, National Income, and human capital formation are defined to emphasize their significance in economic development.

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3 views

People as Resource

The document discusses the concept of people as resources, focusing on human capital, economic activities, quality of population, and unemployment. It highlights the differences in economic activities performed by men and women, the importance of education and health for a productive population, and the types of unemployment prevalent in rural and urban areas. Key terms such as Gross National Product, National Income, and human capital formation are defined to emphasize their significance in economic development.

Uploaded by

jparithi2010
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GR IX Ch 2 people as resource

• Overview
• Economic Activities by Men and Women
• Quality of Population
• Unemployment

Overview
We will study and discuss about these terms:
(i) Human capital
(ii) Gross National Product
(iii) Human capital formation
(iv) Advantages of a more educated or a healthier population

Economic Activities by Men and Women


• Economic activities are development and wealth producing activities. It creates economic and financial gain by
producing goods and services and adds value to the national income.

Sectors under economic activities


(i) Primary Sector
(ii) Secondary Sector
(iii) Tertiary Sector

(i) Primary Sector


It is also known as agriculture sector. This sector considers directly using of natural resources. This sector includes
agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying.

(ii) Secondary Sector


It is also known as manufacturing sector. This sector considers manufacturing of goods.

(iii) Tertiary sector


This sector provides service. This sector includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism,
services, insurance.

Two parts of Economic activities


(i) Market activities
(ii) Non-market activities

(i) Market activities


Market activities consider production of goods or services including government service for remuneration.

(ii) Non-market activities


Non-market activities consider production of goods or services for self-consumption.

Works Performed under Economic activities


• There are huge difference between economic activity performed by men and economic activity performed by
women.
• Women look after domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes, cleaning of utensils, housekeeping and
looking after children. Men work in the field.
• Men are paid for their work on the contrary women are not paid for their performances in the house.
• The work done by men is recognized in the National Income whereas the household work done by women is not
recognized in the National Income.

Quality of Population
Quality of population is mainly in literacy rate and health of the population. Literate and healthy populations are asset
for a country.
(i) Education
• Education is the process of learning for acquisition of knowledge. It is an important input for growth of a person.
• Development of a country is basically depended on literacy rate. When a person is educated, then a family can be
educated. After that, society can be educated and hence literacy rate of the country can increase.
• An educated person can earn more income compared than an uneducated person because of their skill. For this
term, National income of a country can increase.
• Governance efficiency can also be enhanced through learning process.

(ii) Health

• An unhealthy person is burden for a country in terms of economics. A healthy mind create healthy environment. For
development of a country, healthy environment is compulsory.
• In India, states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have few medical colleges. These states have poor health conditions.
• On the other hand, four states Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have majority in number of
medical colleges with 81 medical colleges out of 181.
• In India, infant mortality rate has come down from 147 in 1951 to 34 in 2016.
• Crude birth rates have dropped to 20.4 and death rates to 6.4 in 2016.
• Crude birth rate is the number of living births occuring in a given geographical area per 1,000.

Unemployment
• Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person want to do work but unable to find work.
• Unemployment is liability to the nation. It leads to wastage of manpower resource.

Two types of unemployment found in rural areas:


(i) Seasonal unemployment
(ii) Disguised unemployment

(i) Seasonal unemployment


• In case of Seasonal unemployment, people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year.
• Generally, in agriculture sector this kind of problem is visible. In agriculture sector, some seasonal foodgrains are
produced. So, the farmers are employed only in that particular season.

(ii) Disguised unemployment

• Disguised unemployment happens when people appear to be employed.


• For example, in agriculture sector the field requires the service of six people and nine people are worked in the same
field then, three extra people are come under the category of disguised unemployed. Production will not decrease
when three people are removed.

Urban areas unemployment


• In urban areas educated unemployment are seen. This problem occurs when an educated person is willing to work
but, he/she unable to find work.
• Number of graduated and post-graduated unemployed has increased faster than among matriculates unemployed.

Infant mortality rate (IMR): Infant mortality rate is the death of a child who is come under one year of age. It is
measured by number of death of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.

Birth rates: It is the number of babies born there for every 1,000 people during a particular period of time.

Death rate: It is the number of people per 1,000 who die during a particular period of time.

Gross National Product or GDP : Gross national product is the estimation of the value of the final goods and
services by the residents of the country in a given time period.

National Income: National Income is the estimation of the value of the final goods and services produced by a
country in a given time period.

Human capital: Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings.

Human capital formation: Human capital formation includes the process of training, medical care etc. Education
and health are the source for the human capital formation.

People as resources: It is a way of referring to a country’s workforce in terms of existing skills and abilities.

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