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MI & CI Lab 5

Lab #5 focuses on the study of Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD), specifically their construction, characteristics, and operational principles. The experiment demonstrates how RTD measures temperature through changes in electrical resistance, showcasing a linear relationship between resistance and temperature. Results indicate the reliability and accuracy of RTDs for temperature measurement, highlighting their advantages over NTC thermistors.

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3 views

MI & CI Lab 5

Lab #5 focuses on the study of Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD), specifically their construction, characteristics, and operational principles. The experiment demonstrates how RTD measures temperature through changes in electrical resistance, showcasing a linear relationship between resistance and temperature. Results indicate the reliability and accuracy of RTDs for temperature measurement, highlighting their advantages over NTC thermistors.

Uploaded by

icbm.moiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab # 5: Temperature Transducers II (RTD)

DEPARTMENT Mechanical Engineering


COURSE MI & CI Lab
BATCH 2023 (ME-15)
SEMESTER 4th
SUBMITTED BY Abdul Moiz (474550)
SUBMITTED TO Ma’am Sania Shaheen
Contents
Objectives: ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Required Instruments and Devices: ................................................................................................ 3
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) ........................................................................................ 3
Operating Principle ......................................................................................................................... 3
Input and Output Characteristics .................................................................................................... 4
Experimental Procedure .................................................................................................................. 4
Data: ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Calculations: ................................................................................................................................... 5
Graph: ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 6
References ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Temperature Transducers II (RTD)
Objectives:
• Describe the construction and characteristics of Platinum RTD.
• Discuss characteristics of NTC Thermistor.
• Deduce temperature from voltage reading across transducers.

Required Instruments and Devices:


• Timer
• Testing cables
• D1750 Sensor and Measurement Trainer
• Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)


An RTD is a temperature sensor that operates on the principle that a metal’s electrical resistance
changes with temperature. Known for its accuracy and stability, it is widely used in industrial
and scientific applications.

Operating Principle
An RTD measures temperature by detecting changes in electrical resistance. As the temperature
of its sensing element increases, resistance also rises. By passing a known current through the
RTD and measuring the voltage, the temperature is determined using a standardized resistance-
temperature relationship.
Input and Output Characteristics
• Input: The RTD detects temperature changes in its surroundings or an object. Its sensing
element, typically made of platinum, exhibits a predictable resistance variation.
• Output: The RTD’s resistance varies with temperature. A platinum RTD (PT100), for
instance, has a resistance of 100 Ω at 0°C, increasing by approximately 0.385 Ω per
degree Celsius.

Experimental Procedure
1. Preparation: Ensure the instrumentation trainer is free of active circuits.
2. Voltage Setup: Adjust the slide potentiometer until the voltmeter reads 108.3 mV,
setting the baseline.
3. Circuit Assembly: Connect the RTD, slide potentiometer, and voltmeter as per the
circuit diagram.
4. Initial Conditions: Confirm the RTD starts at 20°C.
5. Heating and Timing: Turn on the heating element and start a stopwatch.
6. Data Collection: Record voltage readings every minute for 10 minutes.
7. Temperature Calculation: Convert resistance values to temperature using the given
formula.
8. Graphical Analysis: Plot a Temperature vs. Resistance graph to visualize the RTD’s
response.

Data:
time (min) Temp (C) R(ohms) V (mV)
0 20.77922 108 108
1 25.19481 109.7 109.7
2 32.20779 112.4 112.4
3 37.14286 114.3 114.3
4 40.51948 115.6 115.6
5 42.85714 116.5 116.5
6 44.41558 117.1 117.1
7 45.71429 117.6 117.6
8 46.75325 118 118
9 47.27273 118.2 118.2
10 48.05195 118.5 118.5
Calculations:
𝑹𝑻 − 𝑹𝒐
𝑻=
𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟓
Where:
Ro = 100 Ohms

Graph:
120

118

116

114
Resistance

112

110

108

106
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature
Discussion
This experiment demonstrated that the RTD's resistance increases linearly with temperature.
Over 10 minutes, the resistance rose from 108 Ω to 118.5 Ω, corresponding to a temperature
increase from 20.8°C to 48.1°C. This behavior aligns with the expected response of a Platinum
RTD (PT100), confirming its positive temperature coefficient.

Minor variations in readings may have resulted from heat dissipation inefficiencies, ambient
temperature fluctuations, or instrument precision limitations. Compared to NTC thermistors,
RTDs offer greater stability and accuracy, making them ideal for precise temperature monitoring.

Conclusion
The experiment confirmed the RTD's reliability for temperature measurement, with observed
resistance changes matching theoretical expectations. Proper calibration and precise
measurements are essential to minimize errors. Due to their stability, linearity, and accuracy,
RTDs are widely used in industrial, medical, and environmental applications.
References
1. Bentley, J. P. (2005). Principles of Measurement Systems (4th ed.). Pearson
Education.
2. Morrissey, M. (2017). Temperature Sensors: Principles and Applications.
McGraw-Hill.
3. Omega Engineering. (2023). RTD Sensors and Their Applications.
Retrieved from https://www.omega.com
4. Callendar, H. L. (1887). On the Practical Measurement of Temperature:
Platinum Resistance Thermometers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society, 178, 160-230.
5. ASTM International. (2021). Standard Test Method for Resistance
Temperature Detectors (RTDs). ASTM E1137/E1137M-21.

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