PART 1 ● martes el 8 de febrero 2022

clase de espaÑol
The Subjunctive
Mood
MOOD is the form a verb takes to show
how it is to be regarded (e.g. as a
fact, a command, a wish, an
uncertainty).
www.grammar-monster.com
 In this lesson we’ll look at:

01 02
Definition & Uses How to form the Present
Subjunctive

03 04
Practice Home-work
 01
Definition and Uses
of the Subjunctive Mood
Now is a good time to say:
A mood is NOT a tense.

A verb tense gives information as to

when something happens.
(The tenses we have been learning all operate as
part of the INDICATIVE MOOD. That means
that the sentences we’ve been making so far are
considered factual.

Something did or didn’t happen. Something

happens or doesn’t happen. Something will or
will not happen. Something could or could not
happen depending on some other factor.)
The Subjunctive Mood
shows the point of view or the
feelings of the subject about the
action indicated in the sentence.
These feelings may indicate, among
others, a wish, a piece of advice, a
necessity, a negation, or an
emotion.

The action may also reflect a

hypothetical, contrary-to-fact, or
doubtful occurrence.
 02
How to form
the Present Subjunctive
 HERE ARE THE STEPS:
For most verbs, the present subjunctive is formed
by following these three steps:

1.Start with the yo form of the present indicative.

2.Then drop the -o ending.

3.Finally, add the following endings

Subjunctive Endings for REGULAR VERBS
-ar verbs -er and –ir verbs

e a

es as

e a

emos amos

en an
 hablo – o = habl

Por Ejemplo: habl + e = hable

hablar – to speak habl + es = hables
habl + e = hable
habl + emos = hablemos
habl + en = hablen
 como – o = com

Por Ejemplo: com + a = coma

comer – to eat com + as = comas
com + a = coma
com + amos = comamos
com + an = coman
 vivo – o = viv

Por Ejemplo: viv + a = viva

vivir – to live viv + as = vivas
viv + a = viva
viv + amos = vivamos
viv + an = vivan
 Special things to note:

For -ar and -er stem- For -ir stem-changing

o:ue verbs change o
changing verbs, the verbs, the formula
to u; e:ie verbs
formula applies except applies except that the
change e to i; e:i
that there is no stem stem change in the
verbs change e to i.
change in the nosotros nosotros form follows
forms. these patterns:

pensar – to think dormir – to sleep pedir – to ask for

piens + e = piense duerm + a = duerma pid + a = pida

piens + es = pienses duerm + as = duermas pid + as = pidas
piens + e = piense duerm + a = duerma pid + a = pida
pens + emos = pensemos durm + amos = durmamos pid + amos = pidamos
piens + en = piensen duerm + an = duerman pid + an = pidan
Irregular Verbs
As expected, there are verbs that do not
follow the rules: IRREGULAR VERBS.

We’ll just look at six!

 Irregular Spanish verbs in the
present subjunctive tense

There are six irregular verbs in the subjunctive

tense for Latin American usage.

•Dar – dé, des, dé, demos, den

•Estar – esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén
•Ser – sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
•Haber – haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan
•Ir – vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan
•Saber – sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
As with all Irregular Verbs…

You will
need to
memorise
these!
 BTW…
If the subject of the two verbs in the
sentence is the same person, then we use
the infinitive as the second verb rather
than the subjunctive.
e.g. Queremos ser felices.
We want to be happy. (We want that we be happy.)
 Let’s look at these sentences

Indicative Mood Subjunctive Mood

Juan va a Chile en agosto.
Juan is going to Chile in Dudo que Juan vaya a Chile
August. en agosto.
I doubt that Juan is going to
No dudo que Juan va a Chile Chile in August.
en agosto.
I don’t doubt that Juan is going
to Chile in August.

UNCERTAINTY
CERTAINTY
WE CAN SAY THAT:

The difference between

indicative and subjunctive is the
difference between
certainty/objectivity (indicative)
and possibility/subjectivity
(subjunctive).
 INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE (normal verb
conjugation )
Consider these sentences

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As opposed to these sentences

www.studyspanish.com
It seems fairly clear
that the distinction
between certain
and uncertain
statements is what
determines which
mood we use.
Some Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● a menos que …
unless …
● antes (de) que …
before …
● con tal (de) que …
provided that …
● cuando …
when …
● conviene que …
it is advisable that …
● después (de) que …
after …
● dudar que …
to doubt that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● en caso de que …
in case …
● en cuanto …
as soon as …
● es aconsejable que …
it’s advisable that …
● es bueno que …
it’s good that …
● es difícil que …
it’s unlikely that …
● es dudoso que …
it is doubtful that …
● es fácil que …
it’s likely that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● es fantástico que …
it’s fantastic that …
● es importante que …
it’s important that …
● es imposible que …
it’s impossible that …
● es improbable que …
it’s unlikely that …
● es incierto que …
it’s uncertain that …
● es increíble que …
it’s incredible that …
● es (una) lástima que …
it’s a pity that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● es malo que …
it’s bad that …
● es mejor que …
it’s better that …
● es menester que …
it’s necessary that …
● es necesario que …
it’s necessary that …
● esperar que …
to wish that …
● es posible que …
it’s possible that …
● es preciso que …
it’s necessary that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● es preferible que …
it’s preferable that …
● es probable que …
it’s probable that …
● es raro que …
it’s rare that …
● es ridículo que …
it’s ridiculous that …
● estar contento que
to be happy that …
● es terrible que …
it’s terrible that …
● hasta que …
until …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● insistir en que …
to insist that …
● mandar que …
to order that …
● más vale que …
it’s better that …
● mientras que …
while …
● negar que …
to deny that …
● no creer que …
not to believe that …
● no es cierto que …
it’s not certain that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● no estar convencido de que …
to not be convinced that …
● no estar seguro de que …
to not be sure that …
● no es verdad que …
it’s not true that …
● no imaginarse que …
to not imagine that …
● no parecer que …
to not seem that …
● no pensar que …
to not think that …
● no suponer que …
to not suppose that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● ojalá que …
if only he would …
● para que …
in order that …
● pedir que …
to ask that …
● preferir que …
to prefer that …
● prohibir que …
to prohibit that …
● puede ser que …
it may be that …
● querer que …
to want that …
More Examples of these kinds of
clauses are:
● recomendar que …
to recommend that …
● sentir que …
to regret that …
● sin que …
without …
● sugerir que …
to suggest that …
● tan pronto como …
as soon as …
● temer que …
to fear that …
● tener miedo de que …
to be afraid that …
 WOW that’s a
lot! DON’T
They’re useful expressions to
know but THAT’S A LOT!
PANIC!
You should be familiar with them, but you don’t have
to learn them all right away.
 03
Practising
the Present Subjunctive
 Let’s start simple.
Pick the sentence(s) that will use the subjunctive in Spanish.

I am certain that They do not think It is important that

Pablo does his that Pablo does Pablo does his
home-work. his home-work. home-work.
 Which did you guess?
Pick the sentence(s) that will use the subjunctive in Spanish.

I am certain that They do not think It is important that

Pablo does his that Pablo does Pablo does his
home-work. his home-work. home-work.
 Ok now…

Translate all 3 sentences into Spanish.

I am certain that They do not think It is important that

Pablo does his that Pablo does Pablo does his
home-work. his home-work. home-work.
 How was that?

Estoy cierto que Ellos no piensan que Es importante que

Pablo hace sus Pablo haya sus Pablo haya sus
deberes. deberes. deberes.
 04
Home-Work
for the Present Subjunctive
 ¡Gracias!
¿Tienen Preguntas?

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