ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT O
B.I.T.SINDRI
ELECTRICAL MACHINELAB
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FOR S" SEMESTER
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
determine the d-axis
agiven altcrnator and to
1 To P'erformslip test on
(xd) and q-axis rcactance's.
rcaclance.
2 Dotermination of sub-transient

motor at diffcrent spced setling

3. Toperform load test on Schragc
(1000, 1400 r pm).
phasc transformers an jtssharing.
4. Paralleling of the two identical thrce

lrce phasc synchronous

5. P'erforn opcn-circuit and slhort-circuit test so synclironous inpcdancc
generator. Calculate ils voltage regulation by
mcUhod.

6. Detcrminationof V-curve and inverted V-cuTve of athree

plase
synclronous inotoro load.

7. To perform load test on a single phase capacitor notor.

 2

THIRD YEAR ELECTRICAL

Electrical Machine Lab,

EXPERMDNT N0. 1
Alternator ahd to dctermine the
perforin, slip tc:t on a given
ofExpcriment: To (Xg) reactanco.
Na c d-axis (Xd) and q-ixis (0-300V), Tachomctcr.
Ammeter (0-15A), Vollmcter
ohm)
Ap rntus: Rheostat (1.5A,356
Circui'Dia rim:

ARMATUPE WnIOCHC
DCHOroTK
fLT ERAToR
EXGITER
L
FIELD wG
OF ALTERToR

thrco output
conncctcd in star and the three phase
The alternator(crminals arcare connectcd to the output of a
Procccurc: 1. alternator
(erminals ofthe
the figure.
auto transformer.
ire connccted as sliown in
voltmetcr and ammelcr is
* 2. A s kept open. (icld is adjustcd so thal its specd
the altcrnalorslarlcd
3 The field ofmovcr is then
and ils
4, Thc prime synchronous sjpccd. value) is
slightly below rcduccd magnitude (around 25% of rated
voltage of transformer.
5. The balanced
across armaturc
tcrminals using auto
swings slowly
imprcsscd voltmetcr pointer
these conditions arnnaturc and arc recorded.
6. Under
maximum and mininum position which steps till the
betwecn
repeated fo other valucs of supply voltagç in
7. The process is
load current.
full
Current reach es to ratcd
Calculatior :
per phase
X, Maxinmun armature (eirinal voltage
Minimum a. ..ure currcnt per phasc

X,= Minimunn arnmature terninal voltage pcr.phase

Maximun arnalurc currcnt per plhasc
Observation:- Phase Current
Phase Voltage
S NO. Vnax Ymin Imax Imin Xd Xa X/Xs
 3

Nime cf Dxptrir
LXPER,MENT NO. 2
: Delcrmination of suu-transicnt eactance of a
gCc ator by static nnethod.
Synchronous
Aparatus: VItneter (0-300V), Ammeter (0-2.5A), Am1neter (0-15A)
CrcuitD agrim:
A
A

m Y

t45TOR
CUTERIA70R
EXCITER

FIELDWrNor NG freeowtNOTN
of ALTERoR

Procclure:
1 Mak .thc concctions as sho in the figure.
2 ny wo pliases of the allernator are conr ectcd in series and a singlc plh ase
wola2e is impresscd across them by ncai1s of an auto trans former.
3 The ctor is at standstill. The impressed voltage is adjusted to pass
n icit cu reat in the (wo series conncctcd arinature winding. Now tle
roto position is adjusted with hand to ge maximum deflection of the
amm slc- pla cc in the ficld circuit. The corresponding armature currcnt
rORding is recorded. At different voltdge tne process is repeated and thc
2nncr rcaling is recordcd.
4 No the rotor position is adjusted wlthl and to get minimum deflection of
the imn ctcr placei in the field circuit and tl ecorresponding arimature curi ent
is notcd down. Tho process is rcpeatcd for phcr value of voltagcs.
Oservrtion:-
Armatur Current
nput Voltage 1Vhen fieldclirrent When field currcnt
S. NO
is mininum IS Max IMum

Cilcuti ot:
X Voltage impressed ancross ( vovinding
icld currcnt
x arin turc current correspondng lT maximum
Volloge inpressed across twÌ winding
current
2x arm ture current corresponding (o minimun ficld
 LXPERIMDNT NO. 3 setting
different speed
Schrage mctor at
load test on
a ne of Experi. To p rfo m
ti. (1000, Wattmeter (0- 10KW),
1400 rpm) SECONDARYwIDNC
ADaratus: Amn ete (0-iSA), Volim
Tach me er PRIMARY HNONS
Circuit Diagran: TERTIARY wrNOrNG

comUTATOR

Wi

Procedure:- figure
1. Make the connections as shown in the ihe brushes are in.minimum speed
rotated so that
2. TI rush shif wheel is slarter.
position. The motor is started by push button specd of 1000 rpim.
posion is adjusted so as to obluin a
3. The brush waltmcicr are noted down for no
Readings of arimeter, voltmeler, and
load condition.
motor shaft and corresponding
4. The mechanic:|:load is applied to the steps and a sel of readings
readings are recorced. The load is increased n
are taken.
rpm renoving the load and the above
5. Now the speed is adjusted to 1400loads.
process is repeated for various
Observations and Calculati ns: --
Take readings at 1000 rpr and 1400 rpin
Load In ut Input Input Speed
S NO. power
vol age current

Diamcter of wheel = 12.6 inch.

L'iumeter of rope = | inclh.
the following curvcs.
Calculate p.fi, torque, output DOwer, cficiency and plot
(a) P.f. Vs output
(b) Efficiency V output
(c) To-que Vs spced
(d) Input curren Vs output
 CXPERIMCNT N. its
plhasc transfornners end
-o-Sh
identical tiree
the two
101it:Paralleling of
anc of Dxr cr Ammctcr (0-15A)-3nos.
(0-600V),Voltme er (0-300V),
icad sharing.
Vo'tmctcr
I|araus. 'a tmeter (0-5KW)
Circuit Dia:ra

caTE
o131rTa
Ci/M
A

SECONDARY )N DING
vinding ol
PRIMAAY WINDING
two cnds ofthc
identify the tivo trans
L3
is perfefmedfirst to and the sccondary of thc
Prcccdirc 1.Lan' p cst primary of
porticular phascs in the a-a', b-b',c-c' varicus teriminals
3 marked as polarity of
forriers. Theyarc done to ascrtain the nd the
polarity. test is isconncctcd in delta aas slhown in tlhe
sidc) parallel
2. Nov,winding. Theprimary (HV arc connccted in
the transformers
primariesofthctwo ard.c' joined
in star vith a', b'
cannccted
figure.
secondary (LV side) is the diagram
3. The connccted as shown in
together. voltmeter andarmclcr arc
Wattmeter, quantities.
4. input ofonc
to measure
Phise scqucnce test;--. star conncctcd sccondary of the
of the tcrminals (a, b or c)
a. Any two terminals
conncclcd to two
transformer is formcr. len
ier rans placd across the
secondary of thc ol and if the
voltmetcr
gives zero
reading
The primary is excited of thctwo translormcr .cthervise the
b. sccondary terininal same phase same
over
two termi nalsare ofthe allthe tcrminals ofthe
then the in'erchanged until
connections are and thc
rccogni cd conncctcd ir parallcl
phase are sam:phase are thcn figure
The terminals ofthe
tcd as shown in the thc sccondary of the
6. is conne connectcd to stcps and thc
load
Circuitdiagram resistivc load is varicd in recorded
phase load is
Now a three transf rmer. The current, voltage arc
parallelconnccted inut power, input
7
sharing,
Current, load
for eaclh case.
Observatious and Calculations:-
S. NO. Ir put Primary Side Secondary Side
Input
voltage Current np. t
pover
Seccraer
A A
voltge
(Watt neter
rendirg)
ame Tf cxp r
EXPDRIMENT O.5
oTt: Por on1 open
circuit
Sy
1cironous generatoradand dcslhortc rcuitles s on athrec p1a5c
lcu atejts voltagc regulatior by
Snhronous impedancc met iod
praratas: Vltncter (0-300V),
Ammet
rs()-2A 0-15A),
&
(icvi Diag an Rieostat(0.1A,1000 ohm &.5/ ,356 ohm) A

b AA t-IEKT FF
O EN CIRCUIT TEST OF TYREE PMASE ALTERNATOR
A

2L C AAE SlIOAT
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST OE THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR.
STATOA OF ALrsRNArog FIELO WI 9D4 EXCITER
Or ALTeRHATDR

MCASUREMENT OF Ra DCI Raz 2/

'rCcoduro: Dp1crcu t test:-

or necti0 1S are donc as shown in the figure. Field rcsistance ol motor is
tpl at i s ninimum value.
2. DCsupply is switched on and dc riotor is started.
lo or sc:d is adjusted to synchro nous spccd with the hclp of fcld
1C )stat
'o tmclcr reading is notcd. Now e citation of the alteriator (îcld
ur ent) is incrcased in steps and corre ponding vollmetcr readings are
oted. I cading is taken up to 25% above thc rated voltagc.
he circu 1st:
1. Mcw d supply is swi!chcd off and co.:ctions arc donc for shTrt circuit
Dst.
2. 4stor 3 slat ledwitlh its field theostit in ninin unm icsistancc position
3. Srocdf he riotor is cdjusted to sync sronous spccud.
1. A1rc er rcadings are n0tcd for d Merent vuluc of cxcitaticn (! cld
CUTON . Readings are takcn up to 50% bovc the arrnaturccur cn.
 Yolne er mn e er mehca
5. Arma ure resIStance is measured Ly value. of R_ ls inc
elf: tiv
Howe ver under working conditiol, he
in increased oy s07.
due to skil effect. The yalue ofR. S obtair sd

Observations;:
).C. Test 3C.T:1Sh rt oirc ii
Field cu Tent Terminal
ic dcurrernt Ar na Jre
S. NO. Amp. Yoltage per Currer pe
phase p se

Armaturu Resistance
S.NO. Arnaure Vollage across
Current armature Ave age R;
Ra
tetminal

Actual Ra= 1.6*Average a

Calculations: --
of voltage regulation by synchronous inpedance meth 2c)
Determination VTGE/pASE
CKT
EN a.
O.C.Cand S.C.Care drawn from the data as follor s:
CURRLNi(
S c c .

CKI
ORT
S

FIE2D CURRENT I
anc B
raled voltage of macline, OU is tie eld curient
Corresponding to
current.
would be the sliort circuil
DD/BC
Sync1ronousinpe Junce Z, =(Zs'- Ra') 2
Synchronousreact nce beX,drawn for any lord al any ower factor
can
Now vector diagram
Tke =Cos (0.8) (lagging)
 7

DXPERIMUI TIKO.6
Name of Dx r DCr t: Deter1mination of Vcur e and inverted Vcurve of threc phasc
Synchronous Imotor at ro lrad.
-
SuPPLY
-3 o s: inne r (0-15A), Volimcter (0-3 DOV), Wattreter (0-5KW)
Arpirat
RU cos at (0.JA, 1000 shm)
Ci'cut Tia"xn:

220V

STATOR ROTOR

ELTA:
T210E POEDuLE
P occdire: STAR sTART
Conr ections are done as shown in fgurc.
Start the inotor and run at its rat :dspecd. The ficld windin is kept open.
3 Near synchronous spccd the field is cxcited which puls the rmotor into
ync ronisn1.
Kecping the synchr: nous motor on no load adjust its excitation till the
armalu e current drawa öy its ac supply is minimum.
Vole current, voltage and powe input fron ac side. Notc thc cxciting
Current.

Koep ing tlhie machine stilln no load, vay the exciting current first
dccra ing and then incrcasing t. For cach valuc of cxcitirg current notc
curronl and powcr takcn by thc moior and its terminal voltarc. Notc the
cxci ing current (ficld curnent) aJso. Nole that armature currcnt is minimum
whe the power factor is unity.

Olseraticns:-

S.NO. Ticld Line Voltaze V Power W P.F.=

urreit current |: W/N3 /1

Daw hecr cs() pf and ficld curcnt (ii) Ine curICIl and (:ld currer.
esul: TI:variat.o) ofline current and itspfdue to ficld current varia icn arc knoivn.
Teinc current is mini.:un whcn pis unlly.
 11

PHASOR DAGRAM:’

IRa

From the d.agram:

E=N((V Cos¢ +IR,'+ (V Sin ¢+1 X,')
Take Vasrated terminal voltage por phase
Iis rated current.
Voltage regu c'ion =(E-V)/V *100%
 Yanc of Ex icr nCnt: To performDXPERIMDNT O. 1
load test on a si glc phasc capacitor motor:
\opa-atus: Anmeter (0-15A), voltmet r(0-300V), Wattmetcr (0-5KW).
achometer
Circuit Dia ra CENTR/FUGAL
SWITH

NIYW
LyNIGNIM
000092Q020
GAPACITOR
ROTOR.
SUPP. Y

AUX LIARY WINDING

Trocec urc --
1, ekc lc conncctions as shown in thc fgure.
to 230 Volts w th the
2 hmo or is started with supply vo tage adjusted
1elb of au o transformer.
to rated cu rrent) in
3. Gridua ly load the motor from no ad io full load (up
spced and input vollage.
scos. otc down input current, inp itpowcr,
Olservations-
Voltmcter Ammeter Input Speed
SNO Load
reading reading power

graphs.
fnctor, cfl cicicy and plot the followi,
Cal:uate or Le out u powcr, power spced.
(1' Outpitp wrVs p,cfficiency, stator curren, power input, and
(3 Spee V Trquc.
 ir c L DXPE UMENT NO. 8
Drinicnt: To deternmine thencCgalive and the zero seqicCIcC rcactancc of
a

\D ir (us:
given alternator
Voltmeter (0-3 0V),Am1neter (0- I5A), Wit meter (0-3K W),
Cir i
Tachometer. A
Dia run: FOR NEGIATIVE SE QUENCE

W
FLD. WDGI. ZL AA LL

-FO2 ZEOEQVENCE

nELD. DGr. AA LL
Reac :Ce- PRIME MOVER
I'rocodure: (a) Negative sequence
circuited through an amneter and (DCSI|UNT MOTOR)
phases of thc alterr ator are slhori
Two across any one of shortcd plhase
Current coil of walt1neter. The voltag
as shown in the figurc.
and the third phase is upnlicdshortcd
ofthe altcrnatcr is and rotor is drivc at synchronous
The field
speed. and the correspon Jing readings are
The supply voltage is va icd in step
recordcd.
Zero sequence renctancCi- shown in
() crnator arc connected i serics as
1. Thethrec windings of tlical
the figure. n'otor at
and lhc rotor is rotaled bya de
2. The ield winding is shcrcd
Synchronous speed. the
given using an autotransfon er and
3. A single pliasc supply is voltmetcr readings are akcn for different
corresponding an1ncter nd
rcadirg sliouldnot Cx(ced thc rated
applicd voltages. The arnctcr
Currcnt of alternator.
Calculatious:
Cbse v tiors & Zero Sequer ce Reactance
Ncgative Sequcnce Reac ancc Voluneter Arimctcr
Vc uncter Ammcter Walt nctcr Rcadig X0
X; Reading
Reading Read ng
S Reiding
 Negative Sequenc: Inipedance Z, =VI(V3*)
Negative Sequenc Reactance X, =ZaxSinp =(/(N3*)*N(1-cos'p)
=(/(V3"1) *N(1-(P/(V3*y*I)?), where P=N3Vlcosy
Zero Sequence Reactance Xo= (V/3)/! =\/3I