INTERMEDIATE – CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS

VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

Procedure to be written in the first ten minutes:

Aim : Given by examiner.

Principle : Balanced Equation Ex: H2C2O4 + 2NaOH  Na2C2O 4 + 2H2O

No. of Moles :

Indicator :
l
End Point :

Procedure :

(1) __________________ solution is taken in the burette and filled upto zero mark.

(2) Pipette out 20ml of ____________________ solution in a clean conical flask.

For Redox Titrations:
(A) Add 20ml of (1 test tube) dil. H 2SO4 (for Mohrs salt Vs KMnO4)
(B) Add 20ml of (1 test tube) dil. H 2SO4 and heat the solution upto 60o – 70oC [for oxalic acid vs KMnO4]

(3) Add 1 or 2 drops of ____________________ indicator the colour of solution changes to ___________
[Note: This step is not required for redox titrations]

(4) The conical flask is placed under the burette and titrate with ______________ solution

(5) At the end point the colour changes from _____________ to _____________

Formula : Standard solution Unknown solution

M1V1 M2 V2 Wt 1000
= (2) M = x
n1 n2 GMwt. Vml

Result : (1) Molarity of _______________ solution is _______________

(2) Amount of ________________ in __________ml is _____________

Types of Volumetric Analysis Experiments:

(1) H2C2O4 Vs NaOH: (1) Principle: H2C2O4 + 2NaOH  Na2C2O4 + 2H2O

1 2
(2) Indicator: Phenolphthalein
(3) End point: Colourless to faint pink

(2) HCl Vs Na2CO3 (1) Principle: 2HCl + Na2CO3   2NaCl + H2O + CO2
2 1
(2) Indicator: Methyl orange
(3) End point: Pale yellow to pale pink

(3) KMnO4 Vs Mohr’s salt: (1) Principle: 2KMnO4+10FeSO4+8H2SO4 

 K2SO4+2MnSO4+5Fe2[SO4]3+8H 2O
2 10
(2) Indicator: KMnO4 it self
(3) End point: Colourless to pale pink

(4) KMnO4 Vs Oxalic acid (1) Principle: 2KMnO4 + 5H 2C2O 4 + 3H 2SO4 

 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 10CO 2+8H2O
2 5
(2) Indicator: KMnO4 itself
(3) End point: Colourless to pale pink

SALT ANALYSIS IN BRIEF

Salt Analysis:
(1) Salt with NH3 smell 
 (NH4)2CO3 (2) Light Blue  CuSO4 (3) Dark Blue 
  Cu(NO3)2
(4) Light Green (Pistha)  FeSO4 (5) Bright green  Ni(NO3)2
(6) Pall pink  MnCl2

FIITJEE (Hyderabad Classes) Limited., 5-9-14/B, Saifabad, (Opp. Secretariat) Hyderabad. 500 063. Phone: 040-66777000 – 03 Fax: 040-66777004
Test for Anion:
2-
salt dil. HCl Colourless gas with / lime water convert CO 3 may be
Effervescence / to milky white
2- Smell of venigar CH 3COO may be
Test for CO 3 :
S.S BaCl2 2-
CH 3COO White ppt/soluble in dil. HCl CO 3 confirmed

S.S FeCl 3
A red colourisation on boiling changes to brown red ppt CH 3COO may be present
Salt C2H5OH Conc. H 2SO 4 heat Fruit odour CH 3COO confirmed
_
salt + Conc. H2SO4 Reddish Brown gas Br
_
Halides: Colourless gas with pungent smell Cl
It gives dense white fumes with NH 3 solution glass rod
_
Greenish yellow gas Cl confirm
Salt + MnO2 + Conc. H2SO4 _
Reddish Brown gas Br confirm
_
White ppt soluble in NH 3 solution Cl
S. S. AgNO 3
_
Pale yellow ppt partially soluble in NH 3 solution Br

salt + Conc. H2SO4 + Cu turnings Reddish brown gas

_
NO 3 may be
Heat
Nitrate
_
Extract + dil. H2SO4 Brown ring NO 3 confirm
FeSO 4 + Conc. H2SO4
_
S.S BaCl2 2
Sulphate White ppt SO4 maybe

Conc. HCl 2
_
Insoluble SO4 confirm

Test for Cation:

+
NH 4 ion:

S.S + NaOH + Heat NH 3 smell evolved, it gives dense white

fumes when a glass rod dipped HCl is exposed.

S.S + Nesslers reagent +

Reddish Brown ppt NH 4 is confirm

Ist Group:
S.S + dil. HCl
white ppt.Pb2 may be IInd Group: S.S + dil. HCl + H2S
Black ppt. may be Cu2

S.S + K2CrO 4 S.S K4[Fe(CN) 6]

yellow ppt Pb2 confirm + Chocolate Brown ppt. Cu2 confirm

IIIrd Group: S.S + NH4Cl + NH 4OH White gelatinous ppt  Al3 IVth Group: S.S + NH4Cl + NH 4OH + H2S 2
+
Dirty green Fe 2 White ppt - Zn
+2
Flesh colour - Mn
+2
S. S K4[Fe(CN) 6] +2 Black ppt. may be Ni
Light Blue - Fe

S.S + NaOH
Curdy white ppt - Zn
+ 2

S.S + NaOH White gelationous ppt  Al 3

+2
Soluble in excess NaOH White ppt - Mn confirm
Turn to brown

S.S + DMG
+2
Rose red ppt. Ni confirm
S.S + NH4Cl + NH 4OH + (NH 4)2CO 3 +2 +2 +2
Vth Group: White ppt - may be Ca / Ba / Sr

S.S. + K2CrO 4 +2
yellow ppt Ba
+2
Yellow trasparent Ca
+2
S.S. + (NH 4)2C2O 4 white ppt insoluble in CH 3COOH Ca confirmed

S.S. + CH 3COOH (NH 4)2SO 4 white pp Sr

+2
confirmed
+2 +2
Test for Mg S.S + NH42Cl + NH 4OH + Na 2HPO 4 White ppt - may be Mg

S.S. + NaOH +2
White ppt - Mg confirmed
FIITJEE (Hyderabad Classes) Limited., 5-9-14/B, Saifabad, (Opp. Secretariat) Hyderabad. 500 063. Phone: 040-66777000 – 03 Fax: 040-66777004