SHIKSHAYA NAMAH

10TH SCIENCE PAPER 3

ANSWER KEY

Section A
1.
(b) 1

16

Explanation: 1

16

2.
(b) A and B
Explanation: CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)
A combination reaction is a reaction where two or more elements or compounds combine to form a single compound.
Calcium oxide combines with water to form calcium hydroxide. Hence, it is a combination reaction.
It is an exothermic reaction as a lot of heat liberate with hissing sound during the reaction.
3.
(b) H2 and Fe3O4 are formed.
Explanation: H2 and Fe3O4 are formed.

4. (a) A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.

Explanation: A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.
5.
(c) Lead
Explanation: Lead
6.
(c) Copper carbonate
Explanation: Copper carbonate
7.
(b) carbon dioxide only
Explanation: Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) in the air (only 0.03%). Carbon also
occurs in the earth's crust in the form of minerals likes carbonates. It also occurs in the form of fossil fuels, organic compounds,
wood, cotton, and wool, etc.
8.
(d) Transpiration: creates a suction force which pulls water inside the plant.
Explanation: The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant is known as transpiration. A process
known as transpiration pull causes it to pull water from the roots to the leaves.
9.
(d) 3 : 1
Explanation: All of the colours in F1 will be Vv (violet) when VV crosses with vv. When Vv crosses with Vv, the resulting F2
will contain VV, Vv, vV, and vV, only one of which has white flowers while the others have violet ones. Ratio is thus 3 to 1.
10. (a) Gonorrhoea and Syphilis
Explanation: Gonorrhoea and Syphilis
11.
(d) Alleles
Explanation: An alternative form of a gene is known as an allele. Alleles vary in their sequence which may or may not result
in a variant phenotype of a particular trait. Alleles represent variations of a gene that is responsible for a particular trait.
12. (a) It is a growth related movement.
Explanation: It is a growth related movement.
13.
(b) zero
 Explanation: When two parallel wires carry equal currents in the same direction and are placed horizontally, the magnetic
fields produced by these wires cancel each other out at the midpoint between them. This results in a net magnetic field of zero
at point P. This phenomenon is due to the equal and opposite directions of the magnetic fields produced by the two wires,
leading to their complete cancellation at the midpoint.
14. (a) 1 Ω
Explanation: Resistors are in series whenever the flow of charge, or the current, must flow through components sequentially.
The total resistance in a serially connected circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances since the current has to pass
through each resistor in sequence through the circuit.
In this case, 5 resistors are connected in series and the total resistance is as follows.
Total resistance = + + + + = 1 ohm
1

5
1

5
1

5
1

5
1

Hence, the maximum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 1/5 ohm is 1 ohm.
15.
(c) A and B
Explanation: Different essential nutrients like nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and water are cycled and changed from one form to
another in separate biogeochemical cycles in an ecosystem. The producers convert the solar energy received from the Sun into
chemical energy and also fix up the nutrients from the soil, and make them available to the higher trophic levels in the
ecosystem.
16. (a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
17.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Reducing agent gives hydrogen to another substance.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both the sperm and ovum have 23 chromosomes, so when the zygote is formed after their fusion it forms 46
chromosomes in the zygote, and hence the number of chromosome is restored in the offspring. Thus both assertion and reason
are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: A force is always exerted due to magnetic field in the same way electric current flowing through any conductor
produces magnetic field. And in this case, Fleming's left-hand rule is used to predict directions of the magnetic field, current
and displacement.
So, assertion and reason both are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: There are both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements in an ecosystem. This is accurate because
ecosystems consist of both living and non-living elements, including soil, water, air, and other non-living things like animals,
plants, and bacteria. Since living things depend on nonliving resources like water, air, and soil nutrients for survival, both biotic
and abiotic components are crucial to the maintenance of life. On the other hand, abiotic factors like sunshine and climate also
affect how living things are distributed and behave in an ecosystem. The justification, which states that biotic and abiotic
elements function separately in every ecosystem, also bolsters the assertion. This is so that life can continue to exist in an
ecosystem even while living things and non-living resources do not rely on one another.
Section B
21. Elements forming ionic compounds achieve this by either gaining or losing electrons from the outermost shell. In the case of
carbon, it has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain a noble gas configuration. If it
were to gain or lose electrons:

i. It could gain four electrons forming C4- anion. But it would be difficult for the nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten
electrons, that is, four extra electrons.
ii. It could lose four electrons forming C4+ cation. But it would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving
behind a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two electrons.
Thus, carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements
and forms covalent compounds.
22. i. A-Fallopian tube, B-Ovary, C-Uterus, D-Cervix, E-Vagina. All are part of female reproductive system. Where ovary is the
primary sex organ, which is responsible for ovum production.
ii. Fertilisation takes place in ampulla region of Fallopian tube, where sperm penetrates ovum.
23. a. i. Saliva- contains salivary amylase, converts starch to sugar
ii. HCl in stomach- Makes medium acidic & kills pathogen (germs)
iii. Bile- emulsifies fats & neutralizes acidic food in the duodenum
iv. Villi- increases surface area for absorption
b. i. Pepsin: It help in digestion of protein
ii. Lipase: It help in digestion of fats
OR
A labelled diagram of a cross-section of the leaf is as follows:

24. Statement of Snell’s Law: The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant, for the
light of a given colour and for the given pair of media.
If i is the angle of incidence and r is the angle of refraction, then.
sin i
= constant
sin r
Speed of Light in vacuum
Absolute Refractive Index of a medium = Speed of Light in the medium

25. a. Gross ⟶ Rabbit ⟶ Wolf ⟶ Tiger

b. If all organisms of any one trophic level are killed then its previous trophic level organisms will increase in number to such an
extent that their previous trophic level will also become extinct and the next trophic level organisms will also get extinct. For
e.g., if we remove all wolves then rabbits will increase and will eat up all the grass, at the same time tigers will also perish
because of lack of their food.
c. Energy is transferred as per 10% law : Hence, if energy available at second trophic level is 2000 J then third trophic level will
have
× 2000 = 200 J and fourth trophic level will have × 200 = 20 J.
10 10

100 100

OR
i. Decomposers are essential in a biosphere as they return nutrients back to the environment by breaking down dead complex
organic matter into recyclable simpler compounds.
ii. The flow of energy through different steps in the food chain is unidirectional as the food chain progress the energy passes
from lower trophic level to upper but never vice versa.
26. Person is suffering from myopia.
Two possible reason due to which the defect of vision may have arisen are:
i. increase in curvature of the lens.
ii. increase in length of the eyeball.
Correction-

Lens used is concave lens.

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 Section C
27. i. Q is the most reactive metal out of P, R and Q as it has replaced both P and R from their compounds.
ii. R is the least reactive element as it has been displaced by both P and Q.
iii. The type of reaction is Displacement reaction.
28. The element with an atomic number of 20 is calcium (Ca).
The electronic configuration of calcium is: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2.
Calcium is a metal because it is located in Group 2 (or Group IIA) of the periodic table, which consists of metals known as
alkaline earth metals.
The valency of calcium is +2.
The compound that calcium forms with chlorine is calcium chloride. The chemical formula for calcium chloride is CaCl2.
OR
i. Qualities exhibited by Ankit are scientific knowledge, awareness, helpfulness etc.
ii. The container becomes porous when blue vitriol, i.e. CuSO4 solution is kept into it because iron being more reactive displaces
copper from copper sulphate (blue vitriol) solution and itself forms green coloured ferrous sulphate.
29. i. Unicellular organisms: excrete out wastes accumulated in body through the process of diffusion eg: amoeba
ii. Human beings: excrete out nitrogenous wastes generated by various metabolic activities through urination.
iii. Plants: remove excess water through transpiration, the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small
pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
30. Let the dominant trait be represented by PP.
Let the recessive trait be represented by pp.
Parents PP × pp
F1-generation (pp) (pp) (pp) (pp) i.e. all pink colour flowers, but hybrid. i.e. none are pure homozygous all the progeny has
heterozygous combination, but since, pink is dominant over white, all are pink.
F2-generation when self-fertilised (pp) × (pp)
F2-generation gives (PP) (Pp) (Pp) (pp)
Ratio 3 pink colour flowers : 1 white colour flower.
31. i. a. Object should be between pole and focus.
b. At the focus.
ii. a. Small head-convex mirror.
b. Legs of normal size-plane mirror.
32. In n resistors each of resistance R are connected in parallel, then net resistance Rp is:
1 + 1 +..............n times
1

Rp
=
1

R
+
R
1
+. . . . . . . . . n times R
=
n

R
Rp =
n
V 220
Now Rp =
I
=
5
= 44 Ω

n
= 44 but R = 176Ω
176

n
= 44 or n = 4
4 resistors each 176Ω connected in parallel with result in net resistance of 44Ω causing a current of 5A to flow through when
connected to 220V.
33. i. Since, all three conductor are made up of same material therefore their resistivity will be same
ρL
RA = A

L
ρ( )

RB = A
2

L
ρ( )

RC = A
2

ρL

RA
a. RB
=
A

L
ρ( )
2

2A

ρL(2A)
=
ρL(A)
 4
=
1
R
A
= 4
RB
ρL

Rn
b. Rc
=
A

L
ρ( )
2

ρL×2×A

A×ρL×2

RA

R
=1
C

ii. Conductor 'C' has more electrical resistance as its resistivity is more than conductor 'A'.
Section D
Acidif ied

34. i. a. CH3CH2CH2OH + 2 [O] −−−−−→ C H 3 C H2 C OOH + H2O . Alcohol undergo oxidation to produce acid.
K2 C r2 O P ropanoic acid
7

b. C2H5COOH + NaHCO3 → C 2
H5 C OON a + H2O + CO2 . sodium propanoate salt is formed along with water and
Sodium

propanoate

carbondioxide
c. C3H7COOC2H5 + NaOH → C 2 H5 OH +C 3 H7 C OON a this is saponification reaction.
Ethanol

ii. a. Butan-2-one is the IUPAC name of the compound and the functional group is ketone.
b. Ethyl ethanoate, functional group-Ester.
OR
i. Saturated hydrocarbon burn with blue and non-smoky flame due to their complete combustion and unsaturated hydrocarbons
generally burn with sooty flame due to their incomplete combustion.
Another test: Unsaturated compounds decolourises bromine colour.
e.g.
CH2 = CH2+Br 2 (aq) → C H2 − C H2
Ethene
Bromine | |

(Brown) Br Br

1, 2−dibromoethane

(Colourless)

But, saturated compounds does not decolourise the bromine water. Bayer's test can also be used to distinguish saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbon.
ii. Carbon dioxide and water are formed when ethane burns in air.
2C H C H + 7O → 4C O
3 3
+ 6H O + light + Heat
2 2 2

iii. The reactions in which a reagent substitutes (replace) atom or a group of atoms from the reactant (substrate) are called
substitution reactions. These are generally shown by saturated compounds. When chlorine is added to hydrocarbons in the
presence of sunlight, Cl replaces H-atoms one by one to give carbon tetrachloride as final product.
Sunlight

C H4 + C L2 −−−−−→ C H3 C I + HC l
Sunlight

C H3 C l + C l2 −−−−−→ C H2 C I2 + HC l
Sunlight

C H2 C l2 + C l2 −−−−−→ C HC I3 + HC l
Sunlight

C HC l3 + C l2 −−−−−→ C C I4 + HC l

35. a. Reproduction at its most basic level involves making copies of the blueprints of body design. The DNA in the cell nucleus is
the information source for making proteins. If the information is changed, different proteins will be made. Different proteins
will eventually lead to altered body designs.
b. In flowering plants, male gametes are produced in the pollen grains inside the anther. Pollination brings the pollen grains
having male gametes from the anther to the stigma. Upon successful arrival of pollen grains on the stigma, a pollen tube is
formed where they take male gamete to the female gamete or egg present in the ovule for fertilisation.
c. The body's organs are made of tissue and specialised cells, complex multicellular creatures cannot give birth to new life.
Multicellular organisms cannot reproduce by regeneration of a portion of some tissue because of their high level of
specialisation.
d. Vegetative propagation is the ability of the plants to reproduce by producing new plants from the vegetative plant parts such as
leaf, stem, or roots under appropriate conditions. This method is the only means of reproduction for some seedless plant
varieties such as banana, rose, and jasmine.
 e. Gametes of sexually-reproducing animals have half the number of chromosomes as that of the parents. Thus, during
fertilisation, when two gametes i.e. male and female gametes, fuse, the offspring produced will have the same amount of DNA
or the same number of chromosomes as that of the parent.
OR
a. Iodised salt is advisable because Iodine present in iodised salt is essential for functioning of thyroid and formation of
thyroxine hormone. The disease caused due to deficiency of iodine is Goitre. The symptom due to goitre is Swollen neck.
b. Nerve impulses travels from dendrite to cell body, then along the axon to its end. At the end, some chemicals are released
which fill the gap of synapse, and starts a similar electrical impulse to another neuron and the impulse further travel in the
body.
36. i. When an object is placed at the centre of curvature of concave mirror, the image formed is equal in size to that of object. So,
for object distance 20 cm, the mirror C with focal length 10 cm is used as
u = R = 2f = 2 × 10cm = 20cm.

ii. For shaving purpose, mirror B (f = 15 cm) would be preferred (object distance is 10 cm) Also mirror A( f=20 cm) would be
used (object distance is10 cm) .
iii. a. For u = 30 cm

b. For u = 10 cm

OR
i. Virtual
Erect
Diminished
On the same side of the object
ii. Focal Length = 20cm.
u = -x cm
v= x

3
1 1 1
− =
v u f

x = 80 cm
Hence, the distance of the object from the optical centre of the lens is 80 cm.
Section E
37. i. The pH of milk is 6. As it changes to curd, the pH will reduce because curd is acidic in nature. The acids present in it decrease
the pH.
ii. No, gastric juice is a strong acid.
iii. Milk of magnesia is a base and it can be used as an antacid.
OR
The pH value of saliva after the meal is 5.8.
38. i. Reflex Action is an unconscious, automatic and involuntary response of efforts, i.e., muscles and glands, to a stimulus, which
is monitored through the spinal cord. Reflex action is controlled by the spinal cord.
ii. Yes, reflex action involves all parts of the voluntary nervous system.
iii. The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary actions are controlled or regulated by medulla (hindbrain).
OR
'Beating of heart muscle' is an example of involuntary action. Involuntary actions are slower than reflex actions.
39. i. The reason involved is electromagnetic induction.
When current is passed through coil 1 magnetic field changes in coil 2 due to which an induced current starts flowing in coil 2
 and the galvanometer present in coil 2 shows some deflection.
ii. The electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon involved above.
The process by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor is called
electromagnetic induction.
iii. a. A momentary deflection is shown by the galvanometer.
b. A momentary deflection is shown by the galvanometer but in the opposite direction.
OR
a. When bar magnet is pushed into the coil there is some deflection in the galvanometer.
b. When bar magnet is held stationary there is no change in magnetic field due to which there is no change in the
galvanometer.