SUBMITTED FROM EVEREST SADIK

ID RU 0753/15

SUBMITTED TO MR.DEJENE , MR.BIRUK , MR.DEGAGA

Table of Contents
LITERATURE REVIEW ON RESIDENTIAL HOUSE .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 5
OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
EVOLUTION OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING ...................................................................................................... 5
1. ANCIENT TIMES .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY ..................................................................................................................... 6
3. MEDIEVAL PERIOD .............................................................................................................................. 7
4. RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PERIODS ................................................................................... 7
5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION .............................................................................................................. 7
6. 20TH CENTURY ...................................................................................................................................... 8
7. CONTEMPORARY TRENDS ............................................................................................................... 8
KEY MILESTONES IN RESIDENTIAL DESIGN .......................................................................................... 9
TYPE OF RESIDENTIAL ......................................................................................................................................... 9
SINGLE FAMILY HOME (SFH) ........................................................................................................................ 9
VILLA.....................................................................................................................................................................10
CONDOMINIUM .................................................................................................................................................10
APARTMENT .......................................................................................................................................................11
TOWN HOUSE .....................................................................................................................................................12
MULTI-FAMILY..................................................................................................................................................13
BASED ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL .................................................................................................15
BASED ON USE AND FUNCTION .................................................................................................................16
FUNCTION OF ROOMS, STANDARDS & THEIR ARRANGEMENT .......................................................17
LIVING ZONE ......................................................................................................................................................17
DINING ROOM ....................................................................................................................................................19
BED ROOMS ........................................................................................................................................................20
MASTER BEDROOM.....................................................................................................................................20
CHILDREN’S BEDROOM ............................................................................................................................21
KITCHEN ..............................................................................................................................................................21 1
BATHROOM.........................................................................................................................................................22
LAUNDRY ROOM ..............................................................................................................................................23
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

BALCONY OR DECK ........................................................................................................................................23

STANDARD SIZES OF ROOMS ..........................................................................................................................24
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION ............................................................................................................25
ORIENTATION ....................................................................................................................................................25
SPACE PLANNING.............................................................................................................................................26
A SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE ................................................................................................................................27
STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................................27
DESIGN AND LAYOUT ....................................................................................................................................28
LAND AND YARD .............................................................................................................................................28
PRIVACY AND SPACE .....................................................................................................................................29
AESTHETIC APPEAL ........................................................................................................................................29
FUNCTIONALITY ..............................................................................................................................................30
CASE STUDY OF CUBE HOUSE (AHMEDABAD).........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Resume:

INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................32
3081z
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................32
SITE AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS OF THE CUBE HOUSE .........................................................................33
LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................33
URBAN FABRIC AND SURROUNDINGS....................................................................................................33
Geographical and Climatic Context....................................................................................................................33
LAYOUT AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CUBE HOUSE .......................................................33
Ground Floor ..........................................................................................................................................................33
Upper Floors ..........................................................................................................................................................34
VERTICAL CIRCULATION .............................................................................................................................36
Outdoor Spaces: .....................................................................................................................................................36
Flow and Connectivity..........................................................................................................................................36
Privacy and Security: ............................................................................................................................................37
MATERIAL ...........................................................................................................................................................37
References ...................................................................................................................................................................39
2

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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1ancient house ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2 ancient roman architecture ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 3 Maison Carré (classical period) ................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 4 IGTHAM mote(medieval period) ................................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 5 17th century ornate ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Figure 6 industrial revolution period ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 7 gallery of Urzua coffee house ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 8 OMKAR KAHANDAL ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 9 single family house.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 10 villa houses .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 11 condominium house .................................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 12 floor plan..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 13 apartment.................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 14 town house types ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 15 multi-family residence............................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 16 BRICK HOUSE ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 17 WOODEN HOUSE .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 18 CONCRETE HOUSE ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 19 STEEL FRAME HOUSE ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 20PRIMARY RESIDENCE ................................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 21 VACATION HOME..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 22 ADU .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 23 living room and its arrangement ............................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 24 dining room structure ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 25 master bedroom ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
Figure 26 children bedroom....................................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 27 type of kitchen in arrangement .............................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 28 bathroom and floorplan example ......................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 29 house with balcony .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 30 orientation ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 31 layout of rooms in 2d and 3d................................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 32 color palette .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 33 detached house .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 34 interior space for single family house ................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 35 private yard ............................................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 36 facade ......................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 37 adaptability house .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 38 cube house in ahmedabad ...................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 39 ground floor plan ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 40 first floor plan ............................................................................................................................................................ 35
Figure 41 second floor plan....................................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 42 STAIRS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 36 3
Figure 43 OUTDOOOR............................................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 44 ELEVATION.................................................................................................................................................................. 37
Figure 45 SECTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 37
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

Figure 46 ADDITIONAL IMAGE ................................................................................................................................................. 38

Resume:

3081z

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INTRODUCTION

Residential housing forms a cornerstone of human civilization, reflecting not only the
practical need for shelter but also the cultural, economic, and technological trends of various
epochs. As urbanization accelerates and environmental concerns gain prominence, the study
of residential housing has become increasingly multifaceted. This literature review aims to
explore the evolution of residential housing, examining key design principles, materials and
construction methods, space planning, technological advancements, and the socio-economic
factors that shape our living environments.

FIGURE 1ANCIENT HOUSE

OBJECTIVES
 To Trace the Historical Evolution
 To Analyze Architectural Styles
 To Evaluate Materials and Construction Methods
 To Examine Sustainable Design Practices
 To Assess Space Planning and Layout

5
EVOLUTION OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

1. ANCIENT TIMES
Pre-historical shelters using
materials like leaves,
branches, and animal hides.
These were mainly for
protection against harsh
weather and predators.
Permanent Settlements With
the advent of agriculture,
humans began settling in
permanent locations. FIGURE 2 ANCIENT ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
Structures made from mud
bricks and stones became
common in ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt..
2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
Resume:

Greek Homes Greek houses often 3081z

featured a central courtyard
(atrium), which provided light and
ventilation. Homes were typically
built with mud bricks and wooden
beams.
Roman Domus Roman residential
architecture was highly advanced,
with features such as atriums,
peristyles (courtyards surrounded by
columns), and elaborate mosaics. FIGURE 3 M AISON C ARRÉ (CLASSICAL PERIOD )
The use of concrete allowed for
more durable and complex
structures.

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3. MEDIEVAL PERIOD

FEUDAL SYSTEM HOUSING The housing during this

period varied greatly between social classes. Nobility
lived in grand castles and manors, while peasants resided
in simple, thatched-roof cottages.

TIMBER FRAMING Timber framing became a popular

construction method, allowing for multi-story homes that
were more stable. This technique involved creating a
wooden framework filled with wattle and daub or bricks.

4. RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE FIGURE 4 IGTHAM MOTE (MEDIEVAL PERIOD )

PERIODS
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE This period
saw a revival of classical principles from ancient
Greece and Rome. Homes were designed with an
emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and geometry. The
use of columns, domes, and decorative elements
became widespread.

BAROQUE PERIOD Baroque architecture

introduced more ornate and decorative elements.
Residential buildings featured grand facades, intricate
interiors, and elaborate details, reflecting the wealth
and status of their owners.
FIGURE 5 17TH CENTURY ORNATE
5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

URBANIZATION The Industrial Revolution brought

about rapid urbanization, leading to the development
of mass housing. Row houses and tenements were
built to accommodate the growing urban population.

BUILDING INNOVATIONS Advances in building

materials, such as steel and glass, enabled the
construction of taller buildings with larger windows,
improving living conditions and aesthetics.
FIGURE 6 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PERIOD 7
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

6. 20TH CENTURY

MODERNIST MOVEMENT The early 20th

century saw the rise of modernist architecture,
characterized by the use of new materials like
reinforced concrete, and a focus on function
and simplicity. Architects like Le Corbusier and
Frank Lloyd Wright pioneered innovative
residential designs with open floor plans and
minimalistic aesthetics.

SUBURBAN EXPANSION Post-World War

II, suburban areas expanded significantly in
many countries. Developments like Levittown
FIGURE 7 GALLERY OF U RZUA COFFEE HOUSE
in the United States exemplified the mass
production of affordable single-family homes,
catering to the growing middle class.
Resume:

7. CONTEMPORARY TRENDS 3081z

SUSTAINABILITY In recent decades, there
has been a strong emphasis on sustainable and
eco-friendly housing. Modern residential
designs incorporate energy-efficient materials,
renewable energy sources, and green building
practices to reduce environmental impact and
enhance the quality of life.

SMART HOMES Technological

advancements have introduced smart home
systems, enabling homeowners to automate
and control various aspects of their living
environment, such as lighting, heating,
security, and entertainment, through IoT FIGURE 8 OMKAR KAHANDAL
devices.

FLEXIBLE SPACE Modern residential

designs prioritize flexibility and adaptability, with open floor plans and multi-functional spaces that can be
easily reconfigured to meet changing needs and lifestyles.
8

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 KEY MILESTONES IN RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

1. Use of Concrete (Roman Era); Enabled the creation of more durable and complex residential
structures.
2. Timber Framing (Medieval Period); Provided a stable and efficient method for constructing
multi-story homes.
3. Modernist Movement (Early 20th Century); Revolutionized residential design by emphasizing
functionality, simplicity, and the use of new materials. This movement laid the foundation for
contemporary architecture.
4. Suburban Expansion (Post-WWII); Marked a significant shift in residential housing, with the
mass production of affordable homes.
5. Sustainable Design (21st Century); Highlighted the importance of eco-friendly and energy-
efficient practices.
6. Smart Home Technology (21st Century); Transformed residential living by integrating advanced
technologies, allowing for greater convenience, security, and energy management.

TYPE OF RESIDENTIAL

There are different types of residential building based on function space room arrangement;
Single-Family Home, Villa, Condominium, Apartment, Town house and Multi-Family Home

SINGLE FAMILY HOME (SFH)

homes built on a single lot, with no shared walls.

Sometimes there’s a garage, attached or detached.
typically have greater privacy and space than other
types of residences, as well as private front and back
yards.
ADVANTAGES
 They are more private than others
 There is value of a single family home
9
 There is higher purchase price FIGURE 9 SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE
 Responsible for exterior maintenance
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

DISADVANTAGES
 All costs are your own
 Not shared with neighbours
VILLA

A villa is a type of residential property that can refer to a variety of homes, from standalone
estates to suburban residences The term "villa" can also be used to describe properties that
are intended for vacations or vacation rentals.
Resume:

3081z

FIGURE 10 VILLA HOUSES

ADVANTAGE
 Privacy; Villas can offer a high level of privacy, with a terrace that you can use as you
wish.
 Amenities; Villas can include amenities like pools and gardens.
 Lifestyle; Villas can offer a taste of an affluent lifestyle.
DISADVANTAGE
 Cost; Villas can be more expensive

CONDOMINIUM

10 Condominiums are individual units that are part of a bigger complex or community. Condos
usually share a wall or two with other apartments and are subject to homeowners’
associations, which charge monthly or yearly dues.

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The homeowner bears only a little amount of duty for maintenance and upkeep are single
units within a larger building or community. Condos share a wall or two with
other units. The residents pay monthly or yearly dues. They are popular in urban, highdensity
areas, where there are many restaurants and shops.

FIGURE 11 CONDOMINIUM HOUSE FIGURE 12 FLOOR PLAN

ADVANTAGES
 more affordable than single family home
 joint maintenance agreement
 more privacy than condominium
DISADVANTAGES
 Limited parking space

APARTMENT

Apartment buildings are numerous buildings at a single place. These contain many triplexes
and even feature four unit Buildings. Thus, we can actually say that the residing in a single
flat among several such flats which are contained in a single unit are called as Apartment a
11
relatively self- contained housing unit in a building which is often rented out to one person or
a family, or two or more people sharing a lease in a partnership, for their use.
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

FIGURE 13 APARTMENT
Resume:

3081z

ADVANTAGES
 Maintenance: Apartments usually require less maintenance than houses
 Cost: Apartment renters don't pay property taxes,
 Security: Apartments may offer building security.
DISADVANTAGES
 Rules and restrictions: Apartments may have rules and restrictions imposed by landlords.
 Rent increases: Apartments may have potential rent increases.
 Noise: Apartments may be noisy

TOWN HOUSE

A townhouse is a cross between a condominium and a single-family residence. They’re

usually multi-story buildings with one or two common walls and a small yard
12
or rooftop deck. They’re bigger than a condo but not as big as a single-family home.

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 FIGURE 14 TOWN HOUSE TYPES

ADVANTAGES
 more affordable than single family home
 joint maintenance agreement
 more privacy than condominium
DISADVANTAGES
 less privacy than single family home
 they don’t have shared gyms, lounge areas

MULTI-FAMILY

Multi-family homes are the least common type of residential building. Multi-family
dwellings are the least prevalent type of residential structure. They are primarily single family
homes that have been divided into two or more units.
They are essentially a home that has been turned into two or more units. They can be row
house-style or have multiple floors, and range in size from a duplex to a four- duplex; 13

anything more than four units is considered commercial.

 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

Multi-family homes are perfect for those looking for an investment property.
Resume:

FIGURE 15 MULTI - FAMILY RESIDENCE

3081z
ADVANTAGES
 ideal for investment property live in one unit, and rent out the others for
income
 allow family members to live in the same building but have their own unit
DISADVANTAGES
 units are smaller than single family homes
 less private than others- takes time to find renters

IMPORTANT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

 Beauty
 Durability
 Usability
 Service life

14

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 BASED ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

BRICK HOUSE
Description; Made primarily of brick, known for
durability and insulation.
Advantages; Long lifespan, fire resistance, low
maintenance.

FIGURE 16 BRICK HOUSE

WOODEN HOUSE
Description; Constructed from wood, common in
areas with abundant timber resources.
Advantages; Flexibility in design, renewable
resource.

FIGURE 17 WOODEN HOUSE

CONCRETE HOUSE
Description; Made from reinforced concrete,
providing strength and fire resistance.

15
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

Advantage; Durability, low maintenance,

sound insulation. FIGURE 18 CONCRETE HOUSE

STEEL FRAME HOUSE

Description; Uses steel for the structural
framework.
Advantages; Strength, flexibility in design,
resistance to pests and fire.

FIGURE 19 STEEL FRAME HOUSE

BASED ON USE AND FUNCTION

Resume:

3081z RESIDENCE
PRIMARY

Description; The main home where the owner lives

most of the time.
Examples; Family homes, urban apartments.

FIGURE 20PRIMARY RESIDENCE

16

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 VACATION HOME
Description: A secondary home used for holidays or
getaways.
Examples: Beach houses, mountain cabins.

FIGURE 21 VACATION HOME

ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT

(ADU)

Description: A smaller, secondary

house on the same lot as the primary
residence.
Examples: Guest houses, in-law suites.

FIGURE 22 ADU

FUNCTION OF ROOMS, STANDARDS & THEIR

ARRANGEMENT

LIVING ZONE 17

Is the part of the house that most friends and guests see. This is the area that usually
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

becomes the showplace. This area is roughly 1/3 of the house and serves a variety of
functions. It is the location for family get together, dining, recreation, entertaining, and just
relaxing. The living area is composed of a number of rooms. They include the living room,
dining room, foyer, recreation or family room. Standard furniture sizes.
Resume:

3081z

FIGURE 23 LIVING ROOM AND ITS ARRANGEMENT

TABLE 1 furniture standard size on living room

furniture Standard sizes

Sofas - Two Sitter Sofas, 4’6″ x 2’6, -7’0″ x 3’0, 6’6″ x 2’6
Three Sitter Sofas,
Armchairs 2’0″ x 2’4″, 2’3″ x 2’4
Sofa-cum-bed or Divan 2’6″x7’0″15
Centre Table-Rectangular 2’0″ x 1’3″, 3’0″ x 2’0″
Circular 3’0″ dia., 2’6″
Side Table - Square 1’8″x1’8″, 1’6″x1’6

18 The typical pieces of furniture and the sizes in a Living room have b been listed below.
However, furniture sizes may vary slightly with their standards depend on the rooms area.
Sofas ,lambs ,Armchairs, Centre Table ,TV and Bookcase.

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TABLE 2 standard size of living room
Type of room standard size of living rooms
Small 5mx5m

Medium 5mx5m
Large 6.2 m x 6 m

DINING ROOM

Most modern homes today have a dining

room. Its main function is to provide a
special place for eating. Room size depends
on the number of people who will use typical FIGURE 24 DINING ROOM STRUCTURE
dining room furniture includes the table,
chairs, buffet, China closet, and server or
cart. An ideal location places the dining room
between the living room and kitchen.
Controlled lighting is desirable because it
controls the mood of the room furniture used
in a Dining room, Dining Table, Dining
Chairs and Sideboard &crockery cabinet.

TABLE 3 Standard sizes of furniture on dining room

furniture Standard sizes of furniture
Dining Table The size depends on the number of persons to be seated at
the table
Dining Chairs 1’6″x1’6″, 1’10″x1’10” 19
Sideboard 4’0″x1’8″, 5’0″x1’9″
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

BED ROOMS

A bedroom is a private room where people usually sleep for the night or relax during the
day. It has to be a very private space away from the rooms meant for entertaining guests.

MASTER BEDROOM

The master bedroom in a large house is the

largest bedroom. A typical bedroom
contains as bedroom furniture one or two beds,
closet, nightstand and a dresser.
Modern bedrooms often have central heating,
Resume:

older bedrooms in countries with cool

3081z
or cold climates often had built in fireplaces.
standard sizes of master bed room.

FIGURE 25 MASTER BEDROOM

TABLE 4 standard size of master bedroom

Type of room Standard size
Queen sized 4.6 m x3 m

King sized 4m x 4m

20

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CHILDREN’S BEDROOM

For younger children, the bedroom will need

to incorporate only a single bed at
0.90×1.9m or small double bed at 1.2×1.9m
and perhaps a small wardrobe and dressing
table. The layout should be future-proofed
because children grow and need more
storage space

FIGURE 26 CHILDREN BEDROOM

TABLE 5 furniture size on children bedroom

Type Sizes
Single occupancy 5mx2m
Double occupancy 4mx4m

KITCHEN

Kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in adwelling
equipment: Sink and/or other device for dish washing, stove or other device for cooking,
refrigerator or other device for cool storage of food, cabinets and/or shelves for storage of
equipment and utensils, and counter or table for food preparation.
TABLE 6 Standard furniture sizes on kitchen
furniture Standard furniture sizes

Sink 24" and 36"

Stove 30 inches wide, 36 inches tall, and roughly 25 to 27 inches deep

dish Washing 24'' wide, 34–36'' high and 24'' deep

21
Refrigerator 24 to 32 inches wide, 66 to 70 inches tall, and 29 to 36 inches
deep
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

TABLE 7 standard sizes of kitchen

Types Sizes
Small 3.65 m x 2.09 m

Medium 3.65 m x 2.09 m

Large 3.65 m x 6.09 m

KITCHEN LAYOUT TYPES

 The One Wall Kitchen

 The Galley Kitchen.
Resume:

 The L-Shaped Kitchen. 3081z

 The U-Shaped Kitchen.
 The Island Kitchen.
 Peninsula Kitchen

FIGURE 27 TYPE OF KITCHEN IN ARRANGEMENT

BATHROOM
A full bathroom is generally
understood to contain a bath
or shower (or both), a toilet,
and a sink. An en-suite
bathroom or en-suite shower
room is attached to and only
accessible from a bedroom

22

FIGURE 28 BATHROOM AND FLOORPLAN EXAMPLE

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TABLE 8 furniture standard size on bathroom
Furniture Standard sizes
Water closet 27″*19″
Bidet 25″*14″
Lavatory 16″*
Shower (interior dimension) 30″*18″

Bathtub 60″*30″

TABLE 9 standard sizes of bathroom

Types Standard Size

Small 1.57 m x 2.75 m

Medium 1.83 m x 3.05 m

Large 2.13 m x 3.66

LAUNDRY ROOM

A room or space in a building used for the cleaning of clothesAccording to the National
Association of Home Builders, the average laundry room takes
up 3.7%

BALCONY OR DECK
An accessible out door or glazed and balustrade platform projecting from the external face

23
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

of a building, often for recreational use & they may offer more sunlight than other rooms. zzz
Resume:

FIGURE 29 HOUSE WITH BALCONY

3081z

STANDARD SIZES OF ROOMS

TABLE 10 standard size of rooms

Type of room small medium large
Living 12*18 16*20 22*28
Kitchen 5*10 10*16 12*20
Bathroom 5*7 7*9 9*12
Dining 10*12 10*16 15*16
Master bedroom 4.6*3 4*4
Child bedroom 5*2 4*4
Guest bedroom 2.6*2.74 3*2.74 3*3,67

24 Office 2.5*3 3*4 4*4

Store 1.52*1.83 2.44*3.05 3.65*4.26

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 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION

ORIENTATION
Orientation is how a building is positioned in relation to the sun's paths in different seasons, as
well as to prevailing wind patterns.

FIGURE 30 ORIENTATION

SOLAR HEAT
 means sun’s heat, the building should receive maximum solar radiation in winter and
minimum in summer. For evaluation of solar radiation, it is essential to know the duration
of sunshine and hourly solar intensity on exposed surfaces.
WIND DIRECTION
 It is the direction from which the wind blows, e. g. the north wind comes from the North
and blows to the South. The winds in winter are avoided and are in summer, they are
accepted in the house to the maximum extent .
HUMIDITY
 It is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. High humidity which is common
phenomenon is s in coastal areas, causes perspiration, which is very uncomfortable
condition from the human body and causes more discomfort .
RAIN FALL
 Direction and intensity of rainfall effects the drainage of the building and hence, it is very
important from orientation point of view. 25

INTENSITY OF WIND
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

 It is defined as the ratio of standard deviation of fluctuating wind velocity to the mean
wind speed
Intensity of wind in hilly regions is high and as such window openings of comparatively
small size are recommended in such regions.

SPACE PLANNING
LAYOUT
A well-thought-out layout ensures smooth flow and efficient use of space.
Resume:

3081z

FIGURE 31 LAYOUT OF ROOMS IN 2D AND 3D

ZONING
Separate private areas (bedrooms, bathrooms) from public areas (living room, kitchen).
FUNCTIONALITY AND COMFORT
ROOM SIZES Ensure that rooms are appropriately sized for their intended use.
STORAGE; Incorporate plenty of storage options to keep house organized and clutter-free.
LIGHTING; Plan for both natural and artificial lighting to create a pleasant and functional
environment.
OUTDOOR SPACES
Landscaping: Plan attractive and functional outdoor spaces, such as gardens, patios, and
decks.
Privacy: Use fencing, walls, or plantings to provide privacy from neighbors.
26
Outdoor Living: Consider outdoor living spaces that extend the usable area of the home
AESTHETICS AND STYLE

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Architectural Style; Choose a style that reflects personal tastes and complements the
surroundings.
Materials and Finishes: Select materials that are durable, low-maintenance, and aesthetically
pleasing.
Color Palette: Use a harmonious color scheme that enhances the architectural features.

FIGURE 32 COLOR PALETTE

A SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE
is a freestanding residential building designed to house one family or household. Unlike
apartments, condominiums, or townhouses, it is not connected to any other dwelling units,
providing a high degree of privacy and independence. These houses are typically situated on
their own plots of land, which may include a private yard or garden. This setup allows for a
significant amount of personal space and customization, both inside and outside the home.
Single-family houses can range in size, architectural style, and design features, but they all
share the common characteristic of being self-contained residences for a single family unit.
They often include essential living spaces such as bedrooms, bathrooms, a kitchen, a living
area, and additional features like garages, basements, or attics, catering to the unique needs
and preferences of the occupants. The design and layout of these houses are tailored to
provide comfort, functionality, and aesthetic appeal, making them a popular choice for those
seeking a personal and private living environment.

STRUCTURE
Detached; Single-family houses are usually standalone structures, not attached to any other
27
buildings.
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

FIGURE 33 DETACHED HOUSE

Private Ownership; These homes are typically owned by one family, offering a sense of
privacy and individual space.

DESIGN AND LAYOUT

Interior Spaces; Includes all essential living spaces such as bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchen,
Resume:

living room, and often additional rooms like a dining room, study, or family room.
3081z

FIGURE 34 INTERIOR SPACE FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE

Customization; Homeowners can personalize and modify their homes according to their
needs and preferences, allowing for a high degree of customization.

LAND AND YARD

Private Yard; Often includes a private yard or garden, which can be used for recreational
28 activities, gardening, or as an outdoor living space.

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 FIGURE 35 PRIVATE YARD

Lot Size; The land area can vary widely, from small urban lots to large rural plots.

PRIVACY AND SPACE

Increased Privacy; Offers more privacy compared to multi-family housing units, as there are
no shared walls or communal areas.
Space; Typically provides more indoor and outdoor space per unit than apartments or
townhouses.

AESTHETIC APPEAL
Architectural Styles; Can range from traditional to contemporary designs, reflecting the
homeowner's taste and the architectural trends of the region.
Façade and Landscaping; The exterior design and landscaping contribute to the home's curb
appeal and overall aesthetic.

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FIGURE 36 FACADE
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

FUNCTIONALITY
Amenities; May include garages, basements, attics, and other features tailored to the needs of
a single household.
Adaptability; Can be adapted for different family sizes and lifestyles, from small families to
larger, multi-generational households.
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FIGURE 37 ADAPTABILITY HOUSE

Conclusion
As a general residential building is a building designed mainly for dwelling purpose of an
individual based or suited design. It has its own history, rooms with their arrangement, rooms
with their furniture for their typical function and their standard furniture size, rooms size, and
also design consideration, different types of residential buildings with their own standards .

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 CASE STUDY OF CUBE HOUSE
(AHMEDABAD)

Location; Ahmedabad, INDIA

Architect; Verizon Architects
Area: 7500
Year: 2018
Manufacturers: Asian Paints, D'Décor, Hettich, Jaquar, Simpolo Ceramics
Lead Architects: Akhil Gajjar, Ravi Pipalia, Yash Vachhani
Design Team: Bhargav Vachhani
Clients: Sanjaybhai Maksana
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Landscape: Radhika Gajjar
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

The Cube House, designed by Verizon Architects and located in Ahmedabad, India, serves as
an exemplary model of modern residential architecture. The house showcases an innovative
use of geometric forms, with interconnected cubes and cuboids creating a dynamic and visually
appealing structure. This design not only maximizes natural light and ventilation but also
integrates the indoor and outdoor spaces seamlessly.
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FIGURE 38 CUBE HOUSE IN AHMEDABAD

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

32 The Cube House I mentioned earlier is designed by Verizon Architects in Ahmedabad, India.
However, there is another well-known project called Cube Houses designed by Piet Blom in
Rotterdam, Netherlands.

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SITE AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS OF THE CUBE HOUSE

LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT

The Cube House is situated in Ahmedabad, India, within a dense urban residential colony.
Ahmedabad, a city known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance, experiences
a hot semi-arid climate, influencing the architectural design to ensure thermal comfort and
sustainability.

URBAN FABRIC AND SURROUNDINGS

DENSE NEIGHBORHOOD: The site is surrounded by closely built residential structures,
necessitating a design that balances privacy with openness. The urban setting influenced the
architectural form, ensuring that the house provides privacy while maintaining a connection
with the outside environment.

Geographical and Climatic Context

Climate: Ahmedabad has extremely hot summers and mild winters. The design of The Cube
House takes into consideration the need to minimize heat gain and maximize ventilation.

LAYOUT AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CUBE

HOUSE
Overall Design Philosophy
The Cube House’s layout and spatial organization reflect a thoughtful approach to creating
functional, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing living spaces. The design aims to balance
openness and privacy while maximizing natural light and ventilation.

Ground Floor

 Entrance and Foyer: The entrance opens into a welcoming foyer that sets the tone for the
house. It serves as a transitional space leading to the main living areas.
 Living Room: Positioned centrally, the living room acts as the heart of the home, providing
a space for family gatherings and relaxation. Large windows connect the living room to
the outdoor landscaping, creating a seamless indoor-outdoor experience.
 Dining Area and Kitchen: Adjacent to the living room, the dining area and kitchen are
designed for functionality and interaction. The open layout allows for easy movement and
connectivity between cooking, dining, and living spaces.
 Master Bedroom: Located on the ground floor for convenience and accessibility, the 33
master bedroom features an en-suite bathroom and direct access to the outdoor garden,
enhancing privacy and comfort.
 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

 Courtyard: A central courtyard serves as an intimate outdoor space, enhancing natural

ventilation and providing a tranquil setting for relaxation and social activities. It visually
connects various parts of the house.
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FIGURE 39 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Upper Floors

 Bedrooms The upper floors house additional bedrooms, each designed with its own
terrace or balcony to promote cross-ventilation and offer private outdoor spaces. These
bedrooms provide personal retreats for family members.
 Bathrooms: Strategically placed for easy access, the bathrooms are designed with
modern fixtures and ample natural light to create a comfortable and hygienic
environment.
34  study/Work Areas: Dedicated spaces for study or work are included, reflecting the need
for functional areas that support productivity and concentration.

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 V

FIGURE 40 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FIGURE 41 SECOND FLOOR PLAN

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 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY

VERTICAL CIRCULATION
Staircases: Thoughtfully designed staircases connect the different levels of the house. They are
positioned to ensure smooth movement between floors while also acting as architectural
features that enhance the aesthetic appeal.
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FIGURE 42 STAIRS

FIGURE 43 OUTDOOOR

Outdoor Spaces:
 Terraces and Balconies: Each bedroom has access to a terrace or balcony, providing
personal outdoor spaces that encourage interaction with the natural surroundings.
 Garden and Landscaping: The extensive use of landscaping, including native plants and
green vistas, creates a serene environment that enhances the overall living experience.

Flow and Connectivity

 Open Plan Layout: The open plan layout ensures a seamless flow between different
areas, fostering a sense of spaciousness and connectivity. The design encourages
interaction while maintaining distinct zones for various activities.
36  Visual Continuity: Large windows and open spaces provide visual continuity, creating a
cohesive and harmonious environment. The strategic placement of openings ensures that
each room benefits from natural light and views of the outdoors.

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 Privacy and Security:
 Zoning: The house is zoned to separate public and private areas, ensuring that family
members have their own spaces while also providing areas for social interaction.
 Secure Access: The design includes secure access points and privacy measures, such as
strategic landscaping and the use of screens, to enhance safety and comfort.
MATERIAL

Cube houses are often constructed using materials like glass, steel, concrete, and iron. Some
cube houses are designed to blend into their natural surroundings, while others use materials
with low energy production footprints. Here are some examples of cube houses and the
materials used in their construction.
construct the floors and part of the walls of the cubes. The foundation of the houses was built
using bricks, sand, pebbles, and a motor

ADDITIONAL FIGURES

FIGURE 45 ELEVATION FIGURE 44 SECTION

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 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY
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38
FIGURE 46 ADDITIONAL IMAGE

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References
https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/country/india
Climate-Data.org. (2023). *Climate: Ahmedabad*. Retrieved fro
Verizon Architects. (2024). *Verizon Architects Portfolio*. Retrieved from
Neufert, E. (2012). *Architects' Data* (4th ed
Curl, J. S. (1999). *A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture*. Oxford University Press.
ISBN:
Neufert, E. (2012). *Architects' Data* (4th ed.

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