VALVES AND VALVE ACTUATORES

(FOR MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS

AND SENIOR TECHMICIANS)
COURSE OBJECTIVES

By the end of this training program the audience will

be able to:
1. Demonstrate the function of valves in the piping
system.
2. Demonstrate different types of valves and the
application of each type.
3. Demonstrate the required maintenance for each
type.
4. Demonstrate the function of the valve actuators,
their working principle, and the required
maintenance for each type.

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THE FUNCTION OF VALVES IN THE PIPING
SYSTEM

The valves are used in the piping system to perform

one of the following jobs:
1. To open and close the line (isolating valves)
2. To regulate the flow rate in the line (throttling)
3. To stop reverse flow of the fluid in the line
4. To regulate the pressure i.e. to keep the pressure
on the outlet side constant value regardless the
pressure on the inlet side.
5. As safety device to open immediately if the system
pressure increased than certain limit.

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CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES

Valves can be classified by one of the following

ways:
1. With respect to their function in the piping system
2. How it works? Several turn valves, quarter turn
valves or open and close automatically.
3. How the valve body is connected to the pipe line.

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VALVE CLASSIFICATION

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VALVE CLASSIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO
THEIR FUNCTION IN THE PIPING SYSTEM

Valves can be classified with respect to their

function into:
1. Isolating valves (fully open or fully close only)
2. To control the flow rate in the system (throttling).
These valves could be fully open, fully closed or
partially open.
3. To keep the flow in one direction and prevent
reverse flow.
4. As safety device
5. To regulate the pressure.

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HOW THE VALVE BODY IS CONNECTED TO
THE PIPING SYSTEM?

There are six different methods are commonly used

to connect the valve body to the piping system:
1. Flanges
2. Screwed (threaded)
3. Welding
4. Wafer
5. Threaded and welding
6. Soldered (in refrigeration systems only)

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ISOLATING VALVES

1. An isolating valve is normally fully open or fully

closed.
2. It is used to stop flow and seal off the equipment or
piping system.
3. The main types of Isolation valves are
1. Gate valve
2. Ball valve
3. Plug valve

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ISOLATING VALVES

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GATE VALVE

The main characteristics:

1. No arrow on the valve body
2. It should be either fully open or
fully closed
3. The stem should be vertical, or
45 degrees or horizontal.

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GATE VALVE COMPONENTS

1. Hand wheel
2. Driving nut
3. Packing
4. Gland follower
5. Bonnet nuts
6. Valve body
7. Bonnet
8. Valve stem
10. Seat rings
11.Disc (or gate)

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GATE VALVE COMPONENTS

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CLASSIFICATION OF GATE VALVES

The most common way to classify the gate valves is:

1. Rising stem or
2. Non-rising stem gate valves

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RISING STEM GATE VALVE

Closed Open
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RISING STEM GATE VALVE

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NON-RISING STEM GATE VALVE

Closed Open
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NON- RISING STEM GATE VALVES

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NON-RISING STEM GATE VALVE

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REGULATING VALVES (THROTTLING VALVES)

1. It can be used in any position

(fully open, fully closed and
partially open).
2. They are called regulating
because they regulate fluid
flow in pipes (control the
quantity).
3. The types of regulating valves
are:
a. Globe valves
b. Needle valves
c. Ball valves d. Plug valves
e. Butterfly valves

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GLOBE VAVE ACTION

Open Closed

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 FLOW THROUGH GATE VALVE AND GLOBE
VALVE

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GLOBE VALVE

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NEEDLE VALVES

1. Needle valves are used to

control flow into gauges.
2. Many of the needle valves used
on fluid power systems are the
manually operated type.

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NEEDLE VALVE

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BALL VALVE

1. They can be opened and closed quickly (quarter

turn).
2. It can be used fully open, fully closed and for
throttling.
3. They are used to allow fluid to bypass a piece of
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equipment in case of abnormal conditions.
BALL VALVE AND PLUG VALVE

Plug valve Ball valve

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BALL VALVES, HOW IT WORKS?

Full Open Fully Closed

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BALL VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

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BALL VALVE COMPONENTS

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BALL VALVE COMPONENTS

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THE BALL AND THE SEAT RINGS

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BALL VALVE COMPONENTS

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PACKING AROUND THE VALVE STEM

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ADVATAGES OF BALL VALVE

1. Non specific direction (no arrow on the valve body).

2. Suitable for low – medium and high pressure.
3. Suitable for full open, full closed and throttling is
relative less because the pressure drop across the
valve in throttling position is higher.
4. Minimum pressure drop (for full open position).
5. Suitable for clean and dirty fluids (fluids
contaminated with solid particles).
6. The ball valve is limited to those temperatures
allowed by the seat materials.

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BALL VALVE BODY DESIGNS

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BALL VALVE BODY DESIGNS

Two piece design Three piece design

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TWO PIECE DESIGN BALL VALVE

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PLUG VALVES

1. It can be opened and

closed quickly (quarter
turn fully open or fully
closed).
2. They can handle high-
pressure fluids.
3. A one-quarter turn of the
valve stem will rotate the
plug 90o.

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PLUG VALVES

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PLUG VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

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PLUG VALVE PARTS

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BUTTERFLY VALVE

1. Butterfly valves are used

as regulating valves in
low pressure pipelines.

2. They can be set at any

position between fully
open and fully closed.

3. It occupies a small space

in a pipeline.

4. It is very simple and easy

to operate and to
maintain.

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BUTTERFLY VALVE COMPONENTS

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BUTTERFLY VALVE

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BUTTERFLY VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

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BUTTERFLY VALVE WITH VALVE ACTUATOR

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DIAPHRAGM VALVE

1. This valve is a special

type of valves.
2. It is used for dirty and
aggressive fluids.
3. The regulating
element is a
diaphragm made of
flexible material (e.g.
rubber or synthetic
elastomer).

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DIAPHRAGM VALVE

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DIAPHRAGM VALVE COMPONENTS

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DIAPHRAGM VALVE ACTION

a) Open b) Closed
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DIAPHRAGM VALVE EXPLODED VIEW

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DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
( CHECK VALVES OR NON-RETURN VALVES)
Check valves are used to allow fluid
flow in one direction only.
The check valve closes when the fluid
tries to flow in the opposite
direction.
The types of check valve area.
a. Swing disc check valve
b. Vertical lift Ball check valve
c. Vertical lift disc check
valve

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SWING DISC CHECK VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

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SWING DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

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SWING DISC CHECK VALVE

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SWING DISC CHECK VALVE

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DUAL DISC CHECK VALVE- WAFER DESIGN

Wafer Check Valves can be installed in

any position and at any angle
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DUAL DISC CHECK VALVE COMPONENTS

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CHECK VALVE WITH SHOCK ABSORBER

1. The hydraulic cylinder

on the side makes the
valve close slowly to
avoid sudden close
which will create
hammering
2. Suitable for big
pipeline diameters

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VERTICAL LIFT BALL CHECK VALVE ACTION
AND PARTS

1) Body
2) Bonnet
3) Stop
4) Seat
5) Ball

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VERTICAL LIFT BALL CHECK VALVE-
SPRING LOADED

1) This design suitable for vertical pipe

lines and for horizontal pipe lines also.
2) In the plant, it is common used with
chemical injection pumps.
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VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

1. Baffle
2. Fluid passage
3. Body
4. Bonnet
5. Pin
6. Poppet valve
7. Seat

Open Closed

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VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE

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VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

Vertical lift check valve spring loaded

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VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE

Vertical lift check valve not spring loaded

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VERTICAL LIFT CHECK VALVE PARTS

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VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

(For horizontal pipe line) (For vertical pipe line)

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SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

1. Relief valves are used in liquid systems, and safety

valves in gas system.
2. When the pressure increases above the normal
level, the valve opens to bleed off some of the fluid
into a vent or by-pass line.
3. Relief valves are set at maximum working
pressure.
4. When the pressure is back to the normal level, the
valve closes.

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SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

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SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

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SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVE
BASIC COMPONENTS

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SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES OPERATION

a) Closed b) Open

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SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

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RUPTURE DISC

1. It is used as safety device. If the safety valve does

not open on the correct time (seated pressure), the
rupture disc will open to release the system
pressure
2. It is used one time only. Before you replace it,
check first the safety valve Why it does not open?.
.

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RUPTURE DISC

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ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Reduced
Inlet Piping

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ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Signs of
Maintenance
Issues

Bellows plugged
in spite of sign

Failed
Inspection
Program

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ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Anything
Discharges
wrong
Pointing
here?Down

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ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Long Arm

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ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Will these
bolts hold
in a
relief event?

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Mexico City Disaster

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VALVE ACTUATORS

Valve actuators are used in one of the following

conditions:
1. If the valve is faraway from the control room and
the operator will open and regulate different valves
in the same time until the flow in the system
reaches the steady state condition.
2. If the valve should be closed automatically in case
of shut-down or emergency cases (shut off valve).

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF VALVE ACTUATORS

The valve actuators are split into four basic groups:

1. Manual operated through worm and worm wheel
(gear box). This design is used to operate big size
valves which do need very slow movement to avoid
water hammering in the system. It is common used
with quarter turn valves.
2. Motor operated valves: For safe places (no
flammable gases) and remote areas.
3. Pneumatic cylinder: It is suitable to operate quarter
turn valves. It is safe enough and commonly used if
flammable gases could be present.
4. Pneumatic diaphragm actuator: It is used to provide
linear motion for the valve stem like the case of
control valves.

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VALVE ACTUATORS

1. Valve actuator- manual operated through worm and worm wheel

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VALVE ACTUATORS

2. Motor operated valves: For safe places

(no flammable gases) and remote areas.

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VALVE ACTUATORS

3. Pneumatic cylinder: It is suitable to operate

quarter turn valves.
It is safe enough and commonly used if flammable gases
could be present.

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VALVE ACTUATORS- PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

Pneumatic cylinder: It is suitable to operate

quarter turn valves.

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VALVE ACTUATORS- PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

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VALVE ACTUATORS- PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

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VALVE ACTUATORS

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VALVE ACTUATORS

4. Pneumatic diaphragm actuator: It is used to provide linear

motion for the valve stem like the case of control valves.

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