0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views

Valves Types

The document outlines a training program for maintenance engineers and senior technicians on valves and valve actuators, detailing their functions, classifications, and maintenance requirements. It covers various types of valves such as isolating, regulating, and safety valves, along with their applications and components. Additionally, it discusses valve actuators, their operation, and classifications, emphasizing the importance of proper maintenance for efficient piping system functionality.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views

Valves Types

The document outlines a training program for maintenance engineers and senior technicians on valves and valve actuators, detailing their functions, classifications, and maintenance requirements. It covers various types of valves such as isolating, regulating, and safety valves, along with their applications and components. Additionally, it discusses valve actuators, their operation, and classifications, emphasizing the importance of proper maintenance for efficient piping system functionality.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 92

VALVES AND VALVE ACTUATORES

(FOR MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS


AND SENIOR TECHMICIANS)
COURSE OBJECTIVES

By the end of this training program the audience will


be able to:
1. Demonstrate the function of valves in the piping
system.
2. Demonstrate different types of valves and the
application of each type.
3. Demonstrate the required maintenance for each
type.
4. Demonstrate the function of the valve actuators,
their working principle, and the required
maintenance for each type.

1/5/2024 2
THE FUNCTION OF VALVES IN THE PIPING
SYSTEM

The valves are used in the piping system to perform


one of the following jobs:
1. To open and close the line (isolating valves)
2. To regulate the flow rate in the line (throttling)
3. To stop reverse flow of the fluid in the line
4. To regulate the pressure i.e. to keep the pressure
on the outlet side constant value regardless the
pressure on the inlet side.
5. As safety device to open immediately if the system
pressure increased than certain limit.

1/5/2024 3
CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES

Valves can be classified by one of the following


ways:
1. With respect to their function in the piping system
2. How it works? Several turn valves, quarter turn
valves or open and close automatically.
3. How the valve body is connected to the pipe line.

1/5/2024 4
VALVE CLASSIFICATION

1/5/2024 5
VALVE CLASSIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO
THEIR FUNCTION IN THE PIPING SYSTEM

Valves can be classified with respect to their


function into:
1. Isolating valves (fully open or fully close only)
2. To control the flow rate in the system (throttling).
These valves could be fully open, fully closed or
partially open.
3. To keep the flow in one direction and prevent
reverse flow.
4. As safety device
5. To regulate the pressure.

1/5/2024 6
HOW THE VALVE BODY IS CONNECTED TO
THE PIPING SYSTEM?

There are six different methods are commonly used


to connect the valve body to the piping system:
1. Flanges
2. Screwed (threaded)
3. Welding
4. Wafer
5. Threaded and welding
6. Soldered (in refrigeration systems only)

1/5/2024 7
ISOLATING VALVES

1. An isolating valve is normally fully open or fully


closed.
2. It is used to stop flow and seal off the equipment or
piping system.
3. The main types of Isolation valves are
1. Gate valve
2. Ball valve
3. Plug valve

1/5/2024 8
ISOLATING VALVES

1/5/2024 9
GATE VALVE

The main characteristics:


1. No arrow on the valve body
2. It should be either fully open or
fully closed
3. The stem should be vertical, or
45 degrees or horizontal.

1/5/2024 10
GATE VALVE COMPONENTS

1. Hand wheel
2. Driving nut
3. Packing
4. Gland follower
5. Bonnet nuts
6. Valve body
7. Bonnet
8. Valve stem
10. Seat rings
11.Disc (or gate)

1/5/2024 11
GATE VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 12
CLASSIFICATION OF GATE VALVES

The most common way to classify the gate valves is:


1. Rising stem or
2. Non-rising stem gate valves

1/5/2024 13
RISING STEM GATE VALVE

Closed Open
1/5/2024 14
RISING STEM GATE VALVE

1/5/2024 15
NON-RISING STEM GATE VALVE

Closed Open
1/5/2024 16
NON- RISING STEM GATE VALVES

1/5/2024 17
NON-RISING STEM GATE VALVE

1/5/2024 18
REGULATING VALVES (THROTTLING VALVES)

1. It can be used in any position


(fully open, fully closed and
partially open).
2. They are called regulating
because they regulate fluid
flow in pipes (control the
quantity).
3. The types of regulating valves
are:
a. Globe valves
b. Needle valves
c. Ball valves d. Plug valves
e. Butterfly valves

1/5/2024 19
GLOBE VAVE ACTION

Open Closed

1/5/2024 20
FLOW THROUGH GATE VALVE AND GLOBE
VALVE

1/5/2024 21
GLOBE VALVE

1/5/2024 22
NEEDLE VALVES

1. Needle valves are used to


control flow into gauges.
2. Many of the needle valves used
on fluid power systems are the
manually operated type.

1/5/2024 23
NEEDLE VALVE

1/5/2024 24
BALL VALVE

1. They can be opened and closed quickly (quarter


turn).
2. It can be used fully open, fully closed and for
throttling.
3. They are used to allow fluid to bypass a piece of
1/5/2024 25
equipment in case of abnormal conditions.
BALL VALVE AND PLUG VALVE

Plug valve Ball valve

1/5/2024 26
BALL VALVES, HOW IT WORKS?

Full Open Fully Closed

1/5/2024 27
BALL VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

1/5/2024 28
BALL VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 29
BALL VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 30
THE BALL AND THE SEAT RINGS

1/5/2024 31
BALL VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 32
PACKING AROUND THE VALVE STEM

1/5/2024 33
ADVATAGES OF BALL VALVE

1. Non specific direction (no arrow on the valve body).


2. Suitable for low – medium and high pressure.
3. Suitable for full open, full closed and throttling is
relative less because the pressure drop across the
valve in throttling position is higher.
4. Minimum pressure drop (for full open position).
5. Suitable for clean and dirty fluids (fluids
contaminated with solid particles).
6. The ball valve is limited to those temperatures
allowed by the seat materials.

1/5/2024 34
BALL VALVE BODY DESIGNS

1/5/2024 35
BALL VALVE BODY DESIGNS

Two piece design Three piece design

1/5/2024 36
TWO PIECE DESIGN BALL VALVE

1/5/2024 37
PLUG VALVES

1. It can be opened and


closed quickly (quarter
turn fully open or fully
closed).
2. They can handle high-
pressure fluids.
3. A one-quarter turn of the
valve stem will rotate the
plug 90o.

1/5/2024 38
PLUG VALVES

1/5/2024 39
PLUG VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

1/5/2024 40
PLUG VALVE PARTS

1/5/2024 41
BUTTERFLY VALVE

1. Butterfly valves are used


as regulating valves in
low pressure pipelines.

2. They can be set at any


position between fully
open and fully closed.

3. It occupies a small space


in a pipeline.

4. It is very simple and easy


to operate and to
maintain.

1/5/2024 42
BUTTERFLY VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 43
BUTTERFLY VALVE

1/5/2024 44
BUTTERFLY VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

1/5/2024 45
BUTTERFLY VALVE WITH VALVE ACTUATOR

1/5/2024 46
DIAPHRAGM VALVE

1. This valve is a special


type of valves.
2. It is used for dirty and
aggressive fluids.
3. The regulating
element is a
diaphragm made of
flexible material (e.g.
rubber or synthetic
elastomer).

1/5/2024 47
DIAPHRAGM VALVE

1/5/2024 48
DIAPHRAGM VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 49
DIAPHRAGM VALVE ACTION

a) Open b) Closed
1/5/2024 50
DIAPHRAGM VALVE EXPLODED VIEW

1/5/2024 51
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
( CHECK VALVES OR NON-RETURN VALVES)
Check valves are used to allow fluid
flow in one direction only.
The check valve closes when the fluid
tries to flow in the opposite
direction.
The types of check valve area.
a. Swing disc check valve
b. Vertical lift Ball check valve
c. Vertical lift disc check
valve

1/5/2024 52
1/5/2024 53
SWING DISC CHECK VALVE ACTION

Open Closed

1/5/2024 54
SWING DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

1/5/2024 55
SWING DISC CHECK VALVE

1/5/2024 56
SWING DISC CHECK VALVE

1/5/2024 57
DUAL DISC CHECK VALVE- WAFER DESIGN

Wafer Check Valves can be installed in


any position and at any angle
1/5/2024 58
DUAL DISC CHECK VALVE COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 59
CHECK VALVE WITH SHOCK ABSORBER

1. The hydraulic cylinder


on the side makes the
valve close slowly to
avoid sudden close
which will create
hammering
2. Suitable for big
pipeline diameters

1/5/2024 60
VERTICAL LIFT BALL CHECK VALVE ACTION
AND PARTS

1) Body
2) Bonnet
3) Stop
4) Seat
5) Ball

1/5/2024 61
VERTICAL LIFT BALL CHECK VALVE-
SPRING LOADED

1) This design suitable for vertical pipe


lines and for horizontal pipe lines also.
2) In the plant, it is common used with
chemical injection pumps.
1/5/2024 62
VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

1. Baffle
2. Fluid passage
3. Body
4. Bonnet
5. Pin
6. Poppet valve
7. Seat

Open Closed

1/5/2024 63
VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE

1/5/2024 64
VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

Vertical lift check valve spring loaded

1/5/2024 65
VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE

Vertical lift check valve not spring loaded


1/5/2024 66
VERTICAL LIFT CHECK VALVE PARTS

1/5/2024 67
VERTICAL LIFT DISC CHECK VALVE PARTS

(For horizontal pipe line) (For vertical pipe line)


1/5/2024 68
SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

1. Relief valves are used in liquid systems, and safety


valves in gas system.
2. When the pressure increases above the normal
level, the valve opens to bleed off some of the fluid
into a vent or by-pass line.
3. Relief valves are set at maximum working
pressure.
4. When the pressure is back to the normal level, the
valve closes.

1/5/2024 69
SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

1/5/2024 70
SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

1/5/2024 71
SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVE
BASIC COMPONENTS

1/5/2024 72
SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES OPERATION

a) Closed b) Open

1/5/2024 73
SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES

1/5/2024 74
RUPTURE DISC

1. It is used as safety device. If the safety valve does


not open on the correct time (seated pressure), the
rupture disc will open to release the system
pressure
2. It is used one time only. Before you replace it,
check first the safety valve Why it does not open?.
.

1/5/2024 75
RUPTURE DISC

1/5/2024 76
ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Reduced
Inlet Piping

1/5/2024 77
ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Signs of
Maintenance
Issues

Bellows plugged
in spite of sign

Failed
Inspection
Program

1/5/2024 78
ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Anything
Discharges
wrong
Pointing
here?Down

1/5/2024 79
ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Long Arm

1/5/2024 80
ANY THING WRONG HERE?

Will these
bolts hold
in a
relief event?

1/5/2024 81
Mexico City Disaster

1/5/2024 82
VALVE ACTUATORS

Valve actuators are used in one of the following


conditions:
1. If the valve is faraway from the control room and
the operator will open and regulate different valves
in the same time until the flow in the system
reaches the steady state condition.
2. If the valve should be closed automatically in case
of shut-down or emergency cases (shut off valve).

1/5/2024 83
CLASSIFICATIONS OF VALVE ACTUATORS

The valve actuators are split into four basic groups:


1. Manual operated through worm and worm wheel
(gear box). This design is used to operate big size
valves which do need very slow movement to avoid
water hammering in the system. It is common used
with quarter turn valves.
2. Motor operated valves: For safe places (no
flammable gases) and remote areas.
3. Pneumatic cylinder: It is suitable to operate quarter
turn valves. It is safe enough and commonly used if
flammable gases could be present.
4. Pneumatic diaphragm actuator: It is used to provide
linear motion for the valve stem like the case of
control valves.

1/5/2024 84
VALVE ACTUATORS

1. Valve actuator- manual operated through worm and worm wheel

1/5/2024 85
VALVE ACTUATORS

2. Motor operated valves: For safe places


(no flammable gases) and remote areas.

1/5/2024 86
VALVE ACTUATORS

3. Pneumatic cylinder: It is suitable to operate


quarter turn valves.
It is safe enough and commonly used if flammable gases
could be present.

1/5/2024 87
VALVE ACTUATORS- PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

Pneumatic cylinder: It is suitable to operate


quarter turn valves.

1/5/2024 88
VALVE ACTUATORS- PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

1/5/2024 89
VALVE ACTUATORS- PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

1/5/2024 90
VALVE ACTUATORS

1/5/2024 91
VALVE ACTUATORS

4. Pneumatic diaphragm actuator: It is used to provide linear


motion for the valve stem like the case of control valves.

1/5/2024 92

You might also like