DANCE 1.

Movement within the body which

includes the hand and arms
DANCE AS AN ART
2. Movement from one space to another
Dance is a rhythmic and expressive
Elements of Dance
movement of the body in successive movement
usually accompanied by music. It has been said  These are the foundation
to be the mother of the arts, for it ’s the oldest concepts and vocabulary that help us
of the art which actually reflects man’s age old develop movement skills and
need to communicate different emotions such understand dance as an artistic practice.
as joy, grief, excitement and others. 1. BODY - In dance, the body is the mobile
figure or shape, felt by the dancer, seen
Dance simply started as man’s own life
by others. The body is sometimes
for almost all occasions, in whatever aspects, as
relatively still and sometimes changing
birth, death, healing of the sick, asking for
as the dancer moves in place or travels
forgiveness, war, marriage – were celebrated by
through the dance area.
dancing.
2. ACTION - Action is any human
REASONS WHY DO PEOPLE DANCE movement included in the act of
dancing— it can include dance steps,
•It has been used in worship. facial movements, partner lifts,
•It plays a role in courtship. gestures, and even everyday
movements such as walking. Dance is
•It serves as a form of acquaintance for a man made up of streams of movement and
and pauses, so action refers not only to
woman. steps and sequences, but also to pauses
and moments of relative stillness.
•It is an expression of the joy one feels. 3. SPACE - Dancers interact with space in
myriad ways. They may stay in one place
•As in old times, it brings magical powers to
or they may travel from one place to
people.
another. They may alter the direction,
•It brings victory or somehow restores health to level, size, and pathways of their
life. movements.
4. TIME - The keyword for the element of
•It even breaks the monotony of the daily
time is When? Human movement is
activities.
naturally rhythmic in the broad sense
•It serves to entertain others. that we alternate activity and rest.
Breath and waves are examples of
•It gives beauty and inspiration to others. rhythms in nature that repeat, but not
•It provides personal and effectiveness of as consistently as in a metered rhythm.
communication. 5. ENERGY - is about how the movement
happens. Choices about energy include
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF THE DANCE AS AN variations in movement flow and the
FORM use of force, tension, and weight. An
TWO KINDS OF MOVEMENT arm gesture might be free flowing or
 easily stopped, and it may be powerful dances, and designed as hymns of praise to a
or gentle, tight or loose, heavy or light. god, or to bring on good fortune in peace and
war. They are symbolic in meaning that can’t be
FEATURES OF DANCE
understood easily by persons who don’t belong
1.MUSIC – It is closely related to dance, for it to the ethnic group.
plays a significant role in it. It is used as
FILIPINO FOLK DANCES
accompaniment that somehow motivates the
dancer ’s movement. 1. PANDANGO SA ILAW – translates as Dance of
Lights, is a waltz-style, playful folk dance that
2.MOVEMENT – It refers to the action of
showcases a unique fusion of local and western
dancers with the use of their bodies to create
indigenous dance forms. It is usually performed
organized patterns.
during festivities and special occasions. It ’s a
3.THEME – It pertains to the content or main dance of grace and skill.
ingredient of the dance. It actually conveys the
2. ITIK-ITIK – is a mimetic folk dance in The
message of the dance.
Philippines. It originated in the province of
4.TECHNIQUES - they refer to the skills in Surigao in Mindanao. In Itik-itik (from the
executing movement. As a dancer, one needs to Tagalog word for "duck"), the dance steps
have a complete control over the muscles of his imitate the movements of ducks among rice
body for him to be technically proficient. paddies and swamplands, such as
wading, flying, and short, choppy steps. It is a
5.DESIGN – It refers to the arrangement of native dance interpreting the playfulness of
movements according to pattern in time (either duckling wading in the river.
fast or slow) and space (one’s position in
relation to his background). 3. HABANERA SOLTERA – This dance is from
Ilocos Sur. This dance is performed by the bride
6.PROPERTIES AND COSTUME – They to be and her close friends at the traditional
contribute to the visual effect of dance. The social gathering on the eve of the wedding. This
costumes can somehow relate closely to the is the bride’s farewell to the state of single
beliefs and environment of people. blessedness.
7. CHOREOGRAPHY – Dances are performed in 4. SINGKIL – It ’s a dance based on the Maranao
an organized manner, following steps and epic “Bantugan”. It features a beautiful princess
movements. A sophisticated dance requires a dancing gracefully over clashing bamboo pole
dancer who can display the movement, convey nimble followed by a nimble prince. It is a Lanao
the message and tells the story. court dance which women of royal blood have
8. SCENERY -The setting or background to learn.
establishing the place of action of any dance is
important to make the dance more realistic and
beautiful.

KINDS OF DANCE

1.ETHNOLOGIC DANCE – This is a dance that is

indigenous to a certain race or country. The
term ethnic is used to distinguish religious
5. TINIKLING – It is a native dance using long generally performed by pairs or group of people
bamboo sticks from which the dancers hop from following a definite step or pattern. Most of the
one pole to another. Tinikling literally means ballroom dances have specific rhythms, and
"tikling like". The dance imitates the fast and they are coordinated with the movement and
elegant moves of the "tikling" bird as the bird steps of the body, hand, foot and head. They
dodges bamboo traps by rice farmers, flies over include waltz, foxtrot, swing cha-cha, boogie,
trees and walks between grass stems. tango, etc. Ballroom dancing is presently
The dance shows the bird's grace and quick undergoing a period of revival which is not only
movements between the bamboo poles. enjoyed and appreciated by the elders but by
the youngsters are well. It is now known as the
6. Jotabal is a lively festival dance in
famous dance sport where local, national and
Camohaguin, Gumaca, Quezon. It is derived
international participants join the competition
from the words Jota and valse (means waltz, a
for lucrative prizes.
step or a dance in three-four time). The male
wears Barong Tagalog and black trousers ,and 3. SPECTACULAR OR THEATRICAL DANCES –
the female wears Maria Clara dress. These are dances which are intended for the
viewing audience. Usually, these are performed
7. OBANDO - named after a town in Bulacan.
for the entertainment of spectators.
Obando Dance is a dance of rural Philippines.
The attire is the native "balintawak" and a. BALLET – It ’s the ultimate expression of art in
"salakot" for the ladies and “barong tagalog” dance which originated in the royal courts
and "buntal" hats for the gentlemen. during the middle ages. The term ballet refers to
series of solo and converted dances with poses
8. KAPPA MALONG MALONG - Also called
and steps combined with light flowing figures,
Sambi sa Malong. This Maranao dance shows
music accompaniment and expressive scenic
the many ways of wearing a malong, a simple
accessories of a dramatic atmosphere. The
tubular; yet, highly functional piece of cloth.
movement of the dance is subject to definite
The traditional women’s version shows this
discipline of the body, hands, legs and others.
cloth of countless colorful designs
Usually a ballet includes staging, scenery,
9. BINANOGBANOG - A dance in imitation of costumes dancing and music; but no singing and
the hawk. It is held in reverence to the bird , so dialogue.
it will not do any harm to the community.
b. MODERN DANCE – It is often characterized as
10. DUGSU – it is a ceremonial dance among the something natural and free. It has been called
Manobo people in Bukidnon, Agusan and an expression dance. This dance emerged as a
Misamis Oriental . form of a revolt against the strictness governing
the old forms of dance. It has varied styles of
11. KUMINTANG - The graceful hand movements based on the new trend; therefore,
movements from the wrist going clockwise or it doesn’t stick to conventions. The major
counter clockwise while dandling. This is a emphasis of this dance is on the expression
typical characteristic movement of the hands in through the dancer’s execution.
Philippine folk dances.
HISTORY OF DANCE
KINDS OF DANCE
1. There is no definite date where certain
2. SOCIAL OR BALLROOM DANCE – This is a dances originated 1. Experts suggest
popular type of dancing for pleasure as (through the analysis of cave painting)
 that dancing has been around since the  Jazz is a fun dance style that relies
beginning of life heavily on originality and improvisation.
2. Used for communication, rituals & Many jazz dancers mix different styles
offerings into their dancing, incorporating their
own expression. Jazz dancing often uses
DANCE
bold, dramatic body movements,
 Dance is an art form that involves including body isolations and
movement of the body. contractions.
 It can be participatory, social,
performed, ceremonial, or competitive.  Hip-hop is a dance style, usually danced
 Each dance tells a story to hip-hop music, that evolved from the
hip-hop culture. Hip-hop includes
Why People Dance? various moves such as breaking,
 Dance is a way to express emotions. popping, locking and krumping, and
 Dance differs by region and culture. even house dance. Improvisation and
 Main reasons why people dance:  Fun personal interpretation are essential to
Exercise Stress Relief (Letting Loose) hip-hop dancing.
Spiritual Tradition
 Modern dance is a dance style that
SPECIFIC TYPES OF DANCES: rejects many of the strict rules of
 BALLET classical ballet, focusing instead on the
 JAZZ expression of inner feelings. Modern
 HIPHOP dance was created as a rebellion against
 SWING classical ballet, emphasizing creativity in
 TAP choreography and performance.
 MODERN
 SWING  Country and western dance includes
 CONTRA several dance forms, usually danced to
 COUNTRY/WESTERN country-western music. If you've ever
 BELLY been to a country and western club or
 FLAMENCO tavern, you've probably seen a few
 LATIN cowboy boot-wearing dancers twirling
 FOLK around the dance floor with big smiles
on their faces.
DANCE
 Folk dance refers to a variety of dances
 Ballet serves as a backbone for many
developed by groups or communities,
other styles of dance, as many other
as opposed to being made up by a
dance genres are based on ballet. Ballet
choreographer. There are several types
is based on techniques that have been
of folk dance including clogging, English
developed over centuries. Ballet uses
country dance, international folk dance,
music and dance to tell stories. Ballet
Irish dance, Maypole dance, Morris
dancers have the ability to transport an
dance, Nordic polska dance, square
audience to another world.
 dance, and many more. Folk dances are
often performed at social events.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE

 Space- The area of space occupied by

the dancer’s body; includes direction,
size, pathways, levels and shapes.
 Time- The relationship of one Choreography Forms
movement or part of a movement to
another. Includes pulse, speed (or  Choreography is the art of arranging
tempo), duration, rhythm, and phrases. dances
 Force- (energy) degree of muscular  Theme: the basic idea of the play, which
tension and use of energy while moving. the author dramatizes through the
conflict of characters.
 Rondo: a dance structure with three or
more themes where one theme is
repeated. ABACAD
 Narrative: choreographic structure that
follows a specific story line to convey
specific information through a dance
 Variations: contrasts in the use of the
dance elements, repetitions.

MUSIC HISTORY

What is Music?

 an artistic form of auditory

communication incorporating
instrumental or vocal tones in a
structured and continuous manner.
 the sounds produced by singers or
musical instruments
 “music is universal and yet it is also
relative and subjective"

ORIGIN OF MUSIC (HISTORY)

 six periods of music

 each period has a particular style of
music that greatly contributed to
what music is today
RENAISSANCE OR REBIRTH A PERIOD OF
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN HISTORY
 MELODY

 One note at a time

 The tune of a song
 Sharp (#) – Raises a pitch one half
step
 Flat (b) – Lowers a pitch one half
step
 Phrase – A musical sentence
 Grand Staff – The bass and treble
clef on the two separate staffs, but
are connected. Usually used with
piano music.

TEMPO

 How fast or slow the music is

Allegro- A fast tempo
Moderato – A medium tempo
Elements of Music Largo – A slow tempo]

HARMONY

 Two or more notes together

 Chord- three or more notes at a time
 Triad- a three note chord

FORM - The way music is arranged

RHYTM

 The way music is arranged in time or TIMBRE - How different instruments and voices
organized into beats sound different from each other.
 Time signature- also known as meter
VOICE
 4/4- the top number tells you how
many beats are in each measure. The Soprano – Highest female voice
bottom number tells you what kind of Alto – Lowest female voice
note gets the beat. Tenor – Highest male voice
 Duration – How long a note is held or Bass – Lowest male voice
played
MUSICAL INSSTRUMENTS
 Whole note = 4 beats
 Half note = 2 beats • Anything set up to create sound
 Quarter note = 1 beat vibration can become a musical
 Eighth note = ½ beat instrument.
 Sixteenth note = ¼ beat
• Of all the instruments, the
 Dot – Adds half of the note’s original
“human voice” is the oldest and
value
most popular. The voice as a
 medium of musical expression
is so intimate, personal and
direct.

• It is the most ideal

exponent of lyric
melody and has been
the model of
instrumentalist in
expressing musical
impulses.

Musical Instruments are divided into 4 families:

• String

• Woodwind

• Brass

• Percussion

String Instruments

• The stringed section

includes the violin,
viola, cello, guitar, and double bass.

• These instruments have four

strings which are played by
means of a “bow”. They can
also be played by plucking
called “pizzicato”.