CH-2 and CH-3 Worksheet (1)
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fikadufaye16CH-2 and CH-3 Worksheet (1)
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fikadufaye16ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS WORK SHEET –One CH-2
1. A piston–cylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant R-134a at -10°C.
The piston that is free to move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm.
The local atmospheric pressure is 88 kPa. Now, heat is transferred to
refrigerant -134a until the temperature is 15°C. Determine (a) the final
pressure, (b) the change in the volume of the cylinder, and (c) the change in
the enthalpy of the refrigerant-134a.
2. A piston–cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water at 40°C and
200 kPa. Heat is transferred to the water at constant pressure until the entire
liquid is vaporized. (a) What is the mass of the water? (b) What is the final
temperature? (c) Determine the total enthalpy change. (d) Show the process
on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
3. A rigid tank initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at 200°C. At this
state, 25 percent of the volume is occupied by water and the rest by air. Now
heat is supplied to the water until the tank contains saturated vapor only.
Determine (a) the volume of the tank, (b) the final temperature and pressure,
and (c) the internal energy change of the water
4. A piston–cylinder device initially contains steam at 3.5 MPa, superheated by
5°C. Now, steam loses heat to the surroundings and the piston moves down
hitting a set of stops at which point the cylinder contains saturated liquid
water. The cooling continues until the cylinder contains water at 200°C.
Determine (a) the initial temperature, (b) the enthalpy change per unit mass
of the steam by the time the piston first hits the stops, and (c) the final
pressure and the quality (if mixture).
5. A rigid tank contains an ideal gas at 300 kPa and 600 K. Now half of the gas
is withdrawn from the tank and the gas is found at 100 kPa at the end of the
process. Determine (a) the final temperature of the gas and (b) the final
pressure if no mass was withdrawn from the tank and the same final
temperature was reached at the end of the process.
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS WORK SHEET –One CH-3
1. Determine the energy required to accelerate an 800kg car from rest to 100
km/h on a level road.
2. Determine the energy required to accelerate a 1300kg car from 10 to 60
km/h on an uphill road with a vertical rise of 40 m.
3. Determine the work required to deflect a linear spring with a spring constant
of 70 kN/m by 20 cm from its rest position.
4. The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m × 6-m brick wall of thickness 30 cm
and thermal conductivity 0.69 W/m · °C are maintained at temperatures of
20°C and 5°C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat transfer through the
wall, in W.
5. Hot air at 80°C is blown over a 2-m × 4-m flat surface at 30°C. If the
convection heat transfer coefficient is 55W/m2 · °C, determine the rate of
heat transfer from the air to the plate, in kW.
6. The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an emissivity of 0.8 and an
absorptivity of 0.3 for solar radiation. If solar radiation is incident on the
spacecraft at a rate of 1000 W/m2, determine the surface temperature of the
spacecraft when the radiation emitted equals the solar energy absorbed.
7. A thin metal plate is insulated on the back and exposed to solar radiation on
the front surface. The exposed surface of the plate has an absorptivity of 0.6
for solar radiation. If solar radiation is incident on the plate at a rate of 700
W/m2 and the surrounding air temperature is 25°C, determine the surface
temperature of the plate when the heat loss by convection equals the solar
energy absorbed by the plate. Assume the convection heat transfer
coefficient to be 50 W/m2 · °C, and disregard heat loss by radiation.
8. A typical car driven 12,000 miles a year emits to the atmosphere about 11 kg
per year of NOx (nitrogen oxides), which cause smog in major population
areas. Natural gas burned in the furnace emits about 4.3 g of NOx per term,
and the electric power plants emit about 7.1 g of NOx per kWh of electricity
produced. Consider a household that has two cars and consumes 9000 kWh
of electricity and 1200 terms of natural gas. Determine the amount of NOx
emission to the atmosphere per year for which this household is responsible.
9. A 5-cm-diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature
of 70°C is suspended in the middle of a room at 20°C. If the convection heat
transfer coefficient is 15 W/m2 · C and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8,
determine the total rate of heat transfer from the ball.
10.In a hydroelectric power plant, 100 m3 /s of water flows from an elevation of
120 m to a turbine, where electric power is generated. The overall efficiency
of the turbine–generator is 80 percent. Disregarding frictional losses in
piping, estimate the electric power output of this plant.
11.The demand for electric power is usually much higher during the day than it
is at night, and utility companies often sell power at night at much lower
prices to encourage consumers to use the available power generation
capacity and to avoid building new expensive power plants that will be used
only a short time during peak periods. Utilities are also willing to purchase
power produced during the day from private parties at a high price.
Suppose a utility company is selling electric power for $0.03/kWh at night
and is willing to pay $0.08/kWh for power produced during the day. To take
advantage of this opportunity, an entrepreneur is considering building a large
reservoir 40 m above the lake level, pumping water from the lake to the
reservoir at night using cheap power, and letting the water flow from the
reservoir back to the lake during the day, producing power as the pump–
motor operates as a turbine–generator during reverse flow. Preliminary
analysis shows that a water flow rate of 2 m3/s can be used in either
direction. The combined pump–motor and turbine–generator efficiencies are
expected to be 75 percent each. Disregarding the frictional losses in piping
and assuming the system operates for 10 h each in the pump and turbine
modes during a typical day, determine the potential revenue this pump–
turbine system can generate per year.
