skip

give

told

could

would't ask
wouldn't ask
had have had You look a little

were been asked

were asked say something funny

sounded
Had you been instructed
You were instructed abrupt

didn't offend you

out wrong

wouldn't know
not know
- UNIT 12 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar ICAN
use approximate language
1 Workinp血s. Read the article below. Chose the
correct words (a--e)to make the expressions in use would appropriately in different situations
italics (1-5)appe釭 more vague.
a -ish c dozensof e roughly Vocabulary
b kind of d or so
3 Complete this description of a landscape using the
2眨兀习Underline all the places where would words inthe box.
(or the abbreviated form'd)is used inthe article.
Then explainto your partner why would is used hilly lush monotonous rich sparse
ineach case.
We drove for hours through the desert: a flat,
landscape with 2
vegetation. Then quite suddenly it changed and
became more 3 . As we drove over
one hilltop, we came into a 4 green
valley with 5 _ farmland and a wide
river at the bottom.
4眨工团Workinpairs. Complete the adjective
collocations. Then think of examples of things each
phrase could describe.
1 extremely old and _ new
Iceland has some of the most unspoiled, dramatic 2 piping hot and _ cold
scenery anywhere on Earth, and, you'd think, some 3 dazzlingly bright and _ black
of the most unchanging. But that's where you'd be 4 utterly unconcerned and worried
mistaken, because it's actually very dynamic. Nowhere
is this more evident than on the Westman Islands, a ICAN
small archipelago of fifteen volcanic islands describe features of a landscape
1 ten kilometers south of the main island. In the last
use adjective collocations
2 fifty years, they've seen huge changes. One island­
Surtsey-rose out of the sea in 1963 after a volcanic
eruption, while Heimaey-the only inhabited island一 Real life
grew by 2.1 kilometers after its volcano erupted in
1973. 5 Workinpairs. Put the words inparentheses in
I visited the islands last year because I'd heard about the correct place inthe sentences to m吐e polite
their extraordinary puffin population. These 3 small but firm phrases for interrupting and preventing
black and white birds with unmistakable faces perch interruptions.
in the thousands on the cliffs and steep grassy slopes 1 Can I have my say?(please)
above the sea. I went to photograph them, and each 2 Can I say one thing? Gust)
day I was there, locals came to practice their traditional 3 I'm sorry. I have to stop you. (there)
art of "sky fishing." Using large nets on long poles, the 4 Let me finish what I was saying. Gust)
hunters would stalk the puffins, dangerously close to 5 OK. You can make your point. (ina m血te)
the cliff's edge. Then, at the exact moment the puffins 6 A m血 te, please. Gust)
took flight. the hunters would sweep them up in their 6眨工可Workinpairs. Explainto each other
nets. 4 Puffins were caught in this way each time. It was what you think is most important when learning
an incredible sight. and I would have asked to try it English. Try to interrupt when the other person is
myself, but I felt sorry for the puffins! The risk doesn't speaking, and prevent interruptions when you are
deter local hunters (at least. none of the ones I talked speaking.
to would admit to feeling afraid) because puffin meat
is a staple food for them. The meat itself is odd玉 ICAN
tastes 5 fishy-but locals love it. interrupt politely and prevent interruptions

152
UNIT 1c Exercise 11, page 14 UNIT 4d Exercise 6,-.page
- 52
Group A StudentA -
1 misgiving (n) /m1s'g1v11J/ doubt or apprehension A typical coffee shop selling fresh coffee produces over
about something two tons of waste coffee grounds each year. Your idea is
2 spurn(v) /sp3:n/ reject to use these coffee grounds to grow mushrooms, which
3 zany(adj) /'zemi/ eccentric and unconventional, you can then sell to shops and supermarkets. Currently,
even a little crazy cares throw away the used coffee grounds into the general
Example: trash. By using them. to grow mushrooms, you would be
H the word was "immortal," a true definition could be: a) recycling the coffee waste and b) reducing the cost of
"Immortal means living forever, never dying. So we say, the compost you need to grow your mushrooms.
for example,'the immortal words of Shakespeare'or
'Shakespeare has achieved immortal fame."' UNIT 6c Exercise 9, page 74
A false definition could be: "Immortal means behaving StudentA
in a way which is not right. So we say, for example, You are a marketing manager. Your company has
'Eaming that much money when others earn very little developed a face cream for women in their 40s. It
is inunortal.111 moisturizes the skin, protects against the sun, and
helps to prevent wrinkles.
UNIT 2c Exercise 10, page 26 Because women in their 40s want to remain young­

Quiz
looking, you want the advertisements to feature a young
model in her 20s who is fair-skinned and very beautiful:
a universally reco即奾le image of beauty. It will also
encourage men to buy the product for their wives. As
How would you feel in the following situations? far as you are concerned, beauty sells.
Read the questions and answer A, B, or C for each
one. Then look at the key on page 190 to find out UNIT 9b Exercise 13, page 109
what your comfort zone is. Discuss if you agree StudentA
with the answers. Rewrite the sentences marked''P'，as sentences with a
A comfortable and into the idea participle clause. Then tell the story to your partner.
B a little uncomfortable, but willing to try
In 1925, Hungarian-bom Victor Lustig read an article
C uncomfortable and reluctant to do it
that said that the Eiffel Tower was in need of repairs and
I At a Karaoke club, a friend forces you to go on stage to that the city of Paris lacked the funds to maintain it.
sing Frank Sinatra's "My Way." (P)After he had created some fake government
2 You are asked to give a 45-minute talk about your documents to show he was responsible for selling the
organization to a group of 250 pre-university students tower, he then looked for some buyers.
next month. Having created…he then looked…
3 A famous person you admire is sitting near you on a He persuaded(P)two scrap metal dealers he was
train reading a book. You would love to speak to them genuine, and received $100,000 from each for the
and get their autograph. contracts to dismantle the tower.
4 A friend, who is a bicycle fanatic, has invited you to go
(P)Lustig took the money and then returned to the
on a bike trip with them in the mountains. United States. He continued a career as a fraudster and
5 A group of your friends has organized an adventure
even cheated the famous gangster Al Capone out of
weekend, involving canoeing in white water rapids,
money.
rock climbing and caving in underground caves.
6 You are asked if you would mind being filmed at
work by a TV crew who are making a fly-on-the-wall
UNIT 9c Exercise 9, page 110
documentary about your organization. StudentA
7 You are unexpectedly offered a promotion to a job with Read the facts. The underlined words give a clue,
more pay, but also much more responsibility and less if needed.
security(you will be judged by your results). 1 Fact:A丑red Nobel was the man after whom
8 Your next-door neighbor's daughter practices the violin the Nobel� was named, but he also
for two hours every evening and the sound is very invented…
distracting. You need to speak to them about it soon. Irony: He was also the inventor of dynamite.
2 Fact: Jim Fixx, the author of The Complete Book of
Running, was the man who popularized jogging as
�- But at the age of52,
while out jogging…
Irony: He had a heart attack and died.

Communication Activities 153

＿ UNIT 1c Exercise 11, page 14
GroupB
1 howl(v)/hau1/ let out a long cry like a dog or wolf
2 jaded (adj) /'d3e血d/ bored with something, lacking
enthusiasm
UNIT 7c Exercise 10, page 86

Security survey
1 Do you know all your neighbors, and do you talk to
3 reprieve (n) /n'pri:v/ a delay in a punishment them about questions of security?
Example: 2 Have you recorded the malce and serial number of all
your valuable electronic items?
If the word was "immortal," a true definition could be:
3 Do you leave any lights on in your house when you
"hnmortal means living forever, never dying. So we
are away? Do you take any other precautions?
say, for example,'the immortal words of Shakespeare' 4 Do you keep any personal information - addresses,
or'Shakespeare has achieved immortal fame."' bank details, passwords - on your phone?
A false definition could be:''Immortal means behaving 5 Do you keep spare keys for your car and house with a
in a way which is not right. So we say, for example, trusted neighbor?
'Earning that much money when others earn very little 6 Do you always lock your car, both when you're driving
is immortal."' and when you leave it?
7 Do you have secure locks on all your windows and
UNIT 3d Exercise 8, page 40 doors and an alarm system fitted to your house?
8 Do you have different p磁words for email, bank,

＄芯它，＂r
如如 el严er4 勺
环
＇
s 一古; online stores, etc., and do you change them at le扭
once every three months?
9 Do you use p磁words with a mixture of characters
wi仅九仅sohr Po呢r. (uppercase and lowercase), numbers and symbols?
加如“lwiu伈ve
10 Do you ever use your computer or phone on public
(unprotected) networks?
阳匕叩Tsi1 11 How many of your personal details do you think
也业平 kis切ie are known by a) the government and b) commercial
叩-比如也如吵s 勺如 ci十i's organizations?
如…妞抎叶何打．Fr环也亟应pes也 12 Do you keep a list of emergency numbers that you
叩吩凶“"对咄 和必牡 也如
心:,,.1A·伍叶竹rer.
尸 1 could call in the event of a breach of security?

UNIT 7d Exercise 6, page 88

丁妘妞
Group A
Why do stars twinkle? The traditional answer is that
S i屾：A
呢
light from stars is disturbed by movement of air in
炉＾叶 L-�D our own atmosphere. H that is true, why don't planets
ree小凡0认小1 twinkle too? Some scientists now think the real reason
“^ b压k
总

must be to do with the distance(planets are much

尸十e­ closer) and that there is something getting in the way.
瓜环i十e如 W匝t that something is no one knows yet.
“CK扣伈
工小书．“+叶 UNIT 9c Exercise 9, page 110
盯扭， 心re p StudentB
纽十i节 Read the facts. The underlined words give a clue,
vi如妇 心如如也i吓啊妇si1 if needed.
加19SOs，飞 赵i节Sk1亚r平rsi”也ei十
也h汀．
1 1 Fact: Henry VIII of England (1492-1547) had six
wives because he desperatel wanted a son and
y
strongm斗�- But his successor…
UNIT 4d Exercise 6, page 52 勋ny: Edward, his only son, was a weak child and
StudentB he died when he was fifteen, being king for only
Your idea is to make it easier for people to scrap their six years; his greatest successor was his daughter,
old cars. Currently, the owner has to pay a scrap metal Elizabeth I, who ruled for 45 years.
dealer $100 to pick up the old car from their house. You 2 Fact: Einstein had one of the most brilliant
� of the twentieth century. Yet when he was
would offer to collect people's scrap cars for nothing.
Youw出then a) try to recycle as many parts as possible seventeen, he…
before b) taking it to the scrap metal dealer to get 应ny: He failed his university entrance exam.
money for the remaining metal or parts.

154 Communication Activities

UNIT 4d Exercise 6, page 52 UNIT 9c Exercise 9,..page
- 110
StudentC StudentC -
It is very annoying to return home in the evening and Read the facts. The underlined words give a clue,if
discover that the mailman was unable to deliver a needed.
package because no one was at home. Your idea is to
1 Fact In the American Gvil War, General John
provide an evening redelivery service for packages and
Sedgwick said to his soldiers,''Don＇tworry. The enemy
big letters. Currently,if no one is at home,the package
� an elephant at this distance." However,…
is returned to a warehouse on the outskirts of town,
Irony:He was shot by an enemy bullet.
which people have to visit in person to get their mail.
2 Fact: Alexander Bell worked hard at creating new
Using your system, people would pay an annual fee
inventions.He came up with the telephone,for
for you to collect these packages and redeliver them. at
example. But he refused to have one�
a more convenient time.
浊because…
Irony:He said that it got in the way of his work.
UNIT 6c Exercise 9, page 74
StudentB UNIT 9d Exercise 5, page 112
You are a sales manager. Your company has developed Student A
a face cream for women in their 40s. It moisturizes the
Studies have shown that high temperatures can have
skin, protects against the sun, and helps to prevent
the effect of making people more眳严涟ve.Man of
wrinkles. y
the riots and violent p皿母s that have taken place in the
You think that women don't want to see an impossibly
Northern Hemisphere in the past 60 years have occurred
beautiful model in the advertisements,but women that
in warm. or hotweather. In the UK, summer riots took
they can identify with: that are average,with some
place in 1981 and 2011. In France,the student riots of
wrinkles and blemishes,and that represent diverse
1968 took place in May, and the particularly hot summer
ethnic backgrounds. You think you could even use
of 1%7 sparked a series of protests across the USA. The
members of the public in the advertisements.
worst of these was the five-day riot in Detroit that resulted
in7,300arrests,and property damage of$60million.
UNIT 7d Exercise 6, page 88
GroupB UNIT 9d Exercise 5, page 112
Why do people yawn? People yawn not to show they StudentB
are sleepy, but to try to stay awake. Research says that
TheStradivarius is the world's most famous violin
people yawn to cool the brain so it can operate better.
because it produces a quality of sound that no other
That also explains why others yawn when they see
violin m吐er has managed to create. For years,
us yawning. It is part of ancient behavior that helps
musicians and scientists have suggested different
groups to stay awake and be alert to danger.
reasons for what makes these instruments so special:
the varnish that Stradivari used,the shape of the violin,
UNIT 9b Exercise 13, page 109 and so on. But recently, two scientists-Henri Grissino­
StudentB Mayer and Lloyd Burckle--have said that the secret is
Rewrite the sentences marked(P) as sentences with a in the quality of the wood that Stradivari used. They
participle clause. Then tell the story to your partner. claim that the drop in temperatures during the period
Frank Abagnale is one of the most famous impostors that the violins were made (17th and 18th centuries),
in recent history. In the 1960s he ran away from home known as the Little IceAge,changed the nature of the
after his parents split up. wood in the trees and produced a wood for violins that
(P)A仕er he ran out of money,he began a career as an was exceptional,and that has not been seen since.
impostor and pretended to be a lawyer,an airline pilot,
and a college professor. UNIT 11b Exercise 12, page 133
Having run out of money,he began… 1 The bat costs $1.05. H you got the puzzle wrong (most
(P)Since he had no qualifications for any of these people say $1.00),don't be discouraged一幻 did more
jobs,he created fake certificates. Despite his criminal than 50 percent of students at H釭vard,M订，and
activity,he was a charming and charismatic character. Princeton. $1.00 is the intuitive, but incorrect, answer.
His story was made into a movie,Catch Me If You Can, 2 Most answer yes,but according to probability it
in 2002. should be an equal number of yes and no. The point
(P)He was finally arrested and sentenced to twelve of the first puzzle is a lesson to stop and think before
years in prison.However,he spent very little time in giving a quick answer. The point of the second
jail. Instead he spent most of his sentence helping the puzzle is that we are influenced by more than just
FBI to catch similar criminals. simple logic. We already have the disappointment
oflosing$30,but we don't want the added
disappointment of not seeing the play.

Communication Activities 155

- GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 1
Time phrases Does this jacket belong to you? (not ls-Ht比jacket
bcloIlgiIlgtoyou?）
These time words and phrases are used with different
ten跄s. We use the present continuous to describe:

—
• an action in progress at the血e of speaking
I'm just finishing some work I'll call you back later.
simple present often, never, ev叩week/ • an action around the出ne of speaking
I often read books about month/year, nowadays, 切ura's looking for
a new job.
history. generally

卢＝严
• a current trend
present continuous now, at the moment, while, More and more people are doing volunteer work.
°rking in currently, this week/
• a situation which happens regularly and is
summer I year
irritating, especially with the adverb always
three days ago, a few years
卢尸 Jackthree days
simple past My boss is always asking me to stay late after work.
ago, last week, at the time,
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about:

尸 time.
in (+ year), once, when
• an action that started in the past and is still continuing
past continuous while, at the time 匹e been waiting herefor over an hour.
I was living in Gennany
• an action that was repeated in the past and
continues to be repeated now
present perfect simple just, recently, so far, in We've been going to that theater for
over ten years.
I'm prettyfit because I've recent years, over the last
two years, how long,for, • a continuous past action that has an effect on the
been working out a lot
recently. since (2010 I I left sclwol), present
already, yet飞ver,，加er I'm hot because I've been running.

present perfect how long, for, just, We use the past continuous to describe an action that
continuous recently, since (2010 I I was the background to another more important event
left sclwol),for some time in the past. The background action may continue after
I've recently started to
the more important event, or be interrupted by it.
learn to play the piano.
She was working as a vet when she got sick.
past perfect simple and already, before that I the
We don't normally use the past continuous to describe
continuous 1990s, up to then, prior to
repeated past actions. Use simple past, used to or would.
They asked me to dinner the 1990s
I used to play soccer
but I'd already eaten.
every day. (not l- 匹 playing)
will, going to, present next week, in three days I
We use the past perfect continuous to talk about:
continuous (for future) in three days' time, soon,
In the long term, I beli幻C in the lo ng term, from now • something that was in progress up to a point in the
the plans will fail. on, on Friday past
She'd been waiting for
hours when the cab arrived.
Note that some time words and phrases can be used
• an action that was repeated up to a point in the past
with more than one tense.
We'd been complaining about the problemfor days.
I wasfour when Mandela was released from prison.
The CEO will make an announcement when she We use the future continuous to describe:
arrives. • something we expect to be happening at a
I lived in Mexico City forfive years. particular血e in the future
I've been living in Mexico City forfive years.
This time next week, we'll be lying on the beach!
► Exe cises 1, 2. and 3
『
• something we expect to be repeated around a
The continuous aspect particular血e in the future
I'll be coming to soccer practice every week.
We use the continuous aspect to describe actions that
happen over a period of time. They are often temporary We also use the future continuous to make a guess or
or incomplete, and in some cases are repeated. We don't prediction about an action in progress now.
normally use the continuous aspect with stative verbs Colin will probably be driving to work now.
(e.g., belong, prefer and seem). ► Exercises 4, 5, and 6
156 ．