Scribd
Upload
6 views

Lesson 5 Phy2 Spring24-25

Chapter 19 discusses the kinetic theory of gases, focusing on molar specific heat at constant volume (Cv) and constant pressure (Cp) for ideal gases. It explains the relationship between Cv and Cp, providing formulas and values for monatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases. The chapter also includes example problems illustrating the application of these concepts in calculating work done, heat transfer, and changes in internal energy.

Uploaded by

Zaiyan Mashrafi Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Lesson 5 Phy2 Spring24-25

Chapter 19 discusses the kinetic theory of gases, focusing on molar specific heat at constant volume (Cv) and constant pressure (Cp) for ideal gases. It explains the relationship between Cv and Cp, providing formulas and values for monatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases. The chapter also includes example problems illustrating the application of these concepts in calculating work done, heat transfer, and changes in internal energy.

Uploaded by

Zaiyan Mashrafi Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Chapter 19:The Kinetic Theory of Gases

(Fundamental of Physics, 10th edition)

• Lesson- 5: Molar specific heat at constant volume for an ideal


gas molar specific heat at constant pressure for an ideal gas,
Relation between Cp and Cv , degrees of freedom, related
problems.
Lesson- 5

Molar Specific Heat of an Ideal Gas


• We recall the definition of molar specific heat:
𝑄
𝐶𝑚 =
𝑛∆𝑇
• Thus, we can calculate the amount of heat, Q an ideal gas needs
to raise its temperature by ΔT :
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑚 ∆𝑇
• We consider molar specific heat in two situations:
1. Molar specific heat at constant volume (for constant volume process)
2. Molar specific heat at constant pressure (for constant pressure process)
1. Molar Specific Heat at Constant Volume, 𝑪𝒗
Added amount of heat, 𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇
Work done, W= 0 [as ΔV=0]
Applying first law of thermodynamics, ∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑄 − 𝑊,
we get
∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇
𝑓
∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝒏𝑹∆𝑻 𝑓
Thus, 𝐶𝑣 = = 2
= 𝑅
𝑛∆𝑇 𝑛∆𝑇 2

• Value of 𝐶𝑣 for Monatomic Ideal Gas:


3
𝐶𝑣 = 2 𝑅 (f=3)
• Value of 𝐶𝑣 for Diatomic Ideal Gas:
5
𝐶𝑣 = 𝑅 (f=5)
2
• Value of 𝐶𝑣 for Polyatomic Ideal Gas:
𝐶𝑣 = 3𝑅 (f=6)
2. Molar Specific Heat at Constant Pressure, 𝑪𝒑
Added amount of heat, 𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇
Work done, 𝑊 = 𝑝∆𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅∆𝑇 (pV=nRT)
Applying first law of thermodynamics, ∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑄 − 𝑊,
we get
∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 − 𝑛𝑅∆𝑇
≫ 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = 𝑛𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 − 𝑛𝑅∆𝑇 [∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇]
≫ 𝐶𝑣 = 𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅 [Divided by 𝑛∆𝑇 ]
≫ 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑣 + 𝑅

➢ Thus, Cp is greater than the molar specific heat at constant volume


CV, because energy must now be supplied not only to raise the
temperature of the gas but also for the gas to do work as shown in Fig.
Molar Specific Heats of Various Molecules
47. The temperature of 2.00 mol of an ideal monatomic gas is raised 15.0 K at
constant volume. What are (a) the work W done by the gas, (b) the energy
transferred as heat Q, (c) the change ΔEint in the internal energy of the gas, and
(d) the change ΔK in the average kinetic energy per atom?

Solution: Here, ΔT= 15 K k = 𝑵𝑹 = 𝟔.𝟎𝟐𝟑


𝟖.𝟑𝟏 𝐉/𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝐊
𝟐𝟑 = 𝟏.𝟑𝟖 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟑 𝑱/𝑲
𝑨 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 /𝒎𝒐𝒍
n = 2.00 mol
ΔV = V - V = 0

(a) W = pΔV = p(0) = 0

(b) Q = nCVΔT = n (32)R ΔT = 2.00 (32)8.31 (15) = 373.95 J [CV = (32)R ]


[R = 8.31 J/mol − K]
(c) ΔEint = Q – W = 373.95 – 0 = 373.95 J

(d) ΔK = (32)𝑘ΔT = (32)(1.38 x 10−23 )15 = 31.05 x 10−23 J


48. When 20.9 J was added as heat to a particular ideal gas, the volume of the gas
changed from 50.0 cm3 to 100 cm3 while the pressure remained at 1.00 atm. (a) By
how much did the internal energy of the gas change? If the quantity of gas present
was 2.00x10-3 mol, find (b) Cp and (c) CV.

Solution:
Here, Q = 20.9 J
ΔV = (100 – 50) cm3 = 50 cm3 =50(10-2 m)3 = 50x10-6 m3

p = 1.00 atm = 1x105 Pa


n = 2.00x10-3 mol
(a) ΔEint = Q – W = Q – p ΔV = 20.9 – 1x105(50x10-6) = 20.9 – 5.0 = 15.9 J
(b) Q = nCpΔT [p = constant]
𝑄
Cp =
𝑛∆𝑇
Ideal gas law, pV = nRT
Δ Δ
(pV) = (nRT)
Δ𝑇 Δ𝑇
ΔV ΔT
p = nR
Δ𝑇 Δ𝑇
ΔV
p = nR
Δ𝑇
pΔV = nR ΔT
pΔ𝑉
= n ΔT
R
𝑄
Cp = pΔ𝑉
R
𝑄𝑅 20.9(8.31) 173.68
Cp = = = = 34.74 J/mol-K
𝑝∆𝑉 1x105 (50x10−6) 5.0

(c) Cp – CV = R
CV = Cp – R = 34.74 – 8.31 = 26.43 J/mol-K
Problems for Practice

You might also like