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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

No other creature can mimic human communication because human

language is so distinct. The emergence of artificial intelligence and its area of natural

language processing (NLP) is therefore impressive to many of us. The goal of

creating an intelligent machine with interactive language models has long been

pursued by computer scientists. Computers were rarely able to form complete

sentences until recently. Frequently, the outcome was either absurd or humorous.

However, a lot has changed. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and virtual assistants

are examples of modern technology that can respond to our questions and interact

with us in a way that makes sense.

Because of this, artificial intelligence is now more widely available in

government organizations, financial institutions, and health care facilities. Numerous

companies are also enhancing their operations with a variety of AI-powered

solutions. We are always surrounded by artificial intelligence, whether we are aware

of it or not. AI can affect our surroundings because it is so ingrained in our daily lives.

Concerns regarding the detrimental effects of artificial intelligence have already been

raised by numerous specialists in recent years. But they seldom ever discuss how a

machine that understands our language can change the way we speak it.

We'll talk about AI's potential effects on language evolution today. The ability

of AI systems to swiftly and effectively process vast volumes of information is the

primary distinction between them and human intelligence. The software outperforms

the human brain in terms of grammar and vocabulary, particularly when it comes to

foreign languages. There may soon be fewer people trying to learn a new language

as artificial intelligence advances. Alternatively, they might only use natural language
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processing and machine translation language models. beyond all, beyond the age of

17, our capacity to pick up new languages declines dramatically.

The technology is far from flawless, though. AI lacks the ability to comprehend

humor, subtext, and—above all—context, in contrast to the human brain. To put it

another way, AI cannot understand what it is saying when it writes or speaks.

Although it can translate millions of words from different languages, it is unable to

recognize when a translation is inadequate. Because machine translation is unable

to understand the subtleties of different languages, it, in turn, generates plain

language devoid of phrases. This can force us to stop using our intricate speech

idioms.

Artificial intelligence does not, however, always have a bad impact on human

language. AI in communications and brand compliance, for instance, can react to

messages similarly to the company's policies. Additionally, it gets rid of unpleasant

feelings and tone. Indeed, one study examined Gmail's feature that makes

recommendations for potential answers to emails that are received. It discovered

that the tone of the prompts it provides is far more upbeat than what people typically

utilize. It appears that Gmail may eventually alter the way individuals communicate

with one another in terms of both language and manner.

However, humans are rather adept at recognizing when an AI is sending a

message. Positive emotions are not usually evoked by this mode of communication.

According to a different study, when an Airbnb host uses an AI-generated profile,

guests frequently get suspicious. Despite its recent inception, the results indicate

that artificial intelligence is already influencing our language. It also affects how we

connect with others, communicate at work, and maintain social ties.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Macromarketing, (2024), The commentary examines the dual

nature of AI, highlighting its potential to transform industries and improve efficiency

while posing ethical, privacy, and job-related risks. It proposes a framework to

assess AI's impact on organizations, discusses real-world applications, and

emphasizes the need for Responsible AI principles and thoughtful regulation to

balance benefits and risks.

The paper reviews progress in conversational AI (ConvAI) and explores how it

can be used for social good, highlighting opportunities, challenges, and risks in real-

world applications (Peng Qi et al., n.d.).

The book examines how Chatbots impact society and psychology, focusing

on human-Chatbot interactions, emotional connections, over-reliance on technology,

risks of biased learning, ethical issues, and cultural differences in these interactions

(Crowder & Nature, 2023).

The book AI for Communication explores how artificial intelligence has

shaped and transformed communication, from its early development to modern

advancements like natural language processing and social robotics. It examines the

interplay between AI and communication, highlighting its impact on human

interaction and its relevance for students, educators, and general readers (Gunkel &

Press, 2024)

The article explores the transformative impact of ChatGPT on modern

education, highlighting its capabilities, uses, challenges, and varying performance

across subjects like finance, coding, math, and general queries (Gill et al., 2024).
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According to Practitioner, (2007), The main idea is that Appreciative Inquiry

(AI) is often misunderstood as merely focusing on the positive, but its true essence

lies in being generative—creating new ideas, perspectives, and actions that can

transform the future. It’s about discovering possibilities that inspire collective action,

not just emphasizing positivity.

The article examines the evolving role of social media and generative AI tools

in higher education, focusing on their potential for engagement and learning

alongside their challenges, risks, and hesitations among students. Through literature

review and research, the authors explore intentional uses, concerns, and the future

implications of these technologies, emphasizing the theme of "hope" for navigating

these uncertain educational landscapes (Parra & Chatterjee, 2024).

The paper explores the promises and challenges of AI, particularly GPT, in

education. It discusses how AI is increasingly capable of performing tasks

traditionally done by human educators and emphasizes the need to reconsider the

roles of technology and human teachers in the future of education. It uses

speculative narratives to identify potential benefits and risks of AI in education and

calls for a future-focused approach to defining these roles (Bozkurt et al., 2023)

The main idea of the text is that OpenAI's ChatGPT, launched in November

2022, represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence (AI). Built on the

GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, it marks a new era in computer science. AI technology

follows a sigmoid curve of gradual growth, rapid development, and eventual

stagnation. ChatGPT, as a mature AI model, is at a peak in this curve, driving AI's

growth at a rate of 21% per year and creating new market opportunities. The paper
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discusses the features, paradigm, and data analysis of ChatGPT (Niranjanamurthy

et al., 2023).

The main idea of the text is that hybrid learning, which combines face-to-face

and online education, is being enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve

student engagement. AI addresses challenges like communication, collaboration,

and feedback in hybrid settings, offering advantages for both students and

instructors. The research suggests that AI can make hybrid education more

interactive and engaging, benefiting educational institutions that adopt this flexible

learning model (Almusaed et al., 2023).

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

The way we communicate is constantly evolving. From the invention of the

printing press to the rise of the internet, each technological leap has redefined the

landscape of information-sharing and interpersonal connection. In our modern era,

the emergence of artificial intelligence stands poised to propel this evolution to

unprecedented heights. From personalization to translation to automation, our

methods of communication are undergoing yet another profound change, promising

to reshape the way we connect as a society.

One of the most significant ways AI is transforming communication is through

personalization. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of data, including user

behavior, preferences, and communication patterns. This allows for the creation of

highly targeted and tailored communication strategies. For example, customer

service chatbots can answer your questions regarding orders, products, and

services, and even anticipate your needs based on past interactions. This level of

personalization can significantly improve customer satisfaction and loyalty over time.
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AI can also craft targeted advertising campaigns that resonate with specific

demographics and interests, leading to more effective marketing strategies and a

better user experience (Capitol Technology University, 2024).

The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) dialogue systems within

educational and research settings highlights the importance of learning aids. Despite

examination of the ethical concerns associated with these technologies, there is a

noticeable gap in investigations on how these ethical issues of AI contribute to

students’ over-reliance on AI dialogue systems, and how such over-reliance affects

students’ cognitive abilities. Overreliance on AI occurs when users accept AI-

generated recommendations without question, leading to errors in task performance

in the context of decision-making. This typically arises when individuals struggle to

assess the reliability of AI or how much trust to place in its suggestions. This

systematic review investigates how students’ over-reliance on AI dialogue systems,

particularly those embedded with generative models for academic research and

learning, affects their critical cognitive capabilities including decision-making, critical

thinking, and analytical reasoning. By using the Preferred Reporting Items for

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, our systematic review

evaluated a body of literature addressing the contributing factors and effects of such

over-reliance within educational and research contexts. The comprehensive

literature review spanned 14 articles retrieved from four distinguished databases:

ProQuest, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Our findings indicate

that over-reliance stemming from ethical issues of AI impacts cognitive abilities, as

individuals increasingly favor fast and optimal solutions over slow ones constrained

by practicality. This tendency explains why users prefer efficient cognitive shortcuts,
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or heuristics, even amidst the ethical issues presented by AI technologies (Zhai et

al., 2024)

OBJECTIVE

By concentrating on the following particular goals, the study paper aims to

fulfill its overarching goal of investigating how AI in communication is changing

discussions, both favorably and unfavorably:

1. to ascertain how AI-powered communication tools affect the efficiency and

efficacy of both personal and professional interactions.

2. to evaluate the social and ethical ramifications of using AI in communication,

taking into account issues with authenticity, disinformation, and privacy.

3. to assess how user perception and trust affect the uptake of communication

systems based on artificial intelligence.

FRAMEWORK

The study is primarily anchored on the warranting theory (Walther, 1996). This

theory is a concept from communication studies, explores how people evaluate the

credibility and trustworthiness of information and individuals, especially in digital

environments. It suggests that individuals rely more on external cues or verifiable

sources when forming judgments about the reliability of information or people, rather

than just relying on self-presentation or claims made by the person themselves

(Walther, 1996).
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AI-generated text, such as in conversational agents, can either enhance or reduce

trust in communication. AI's ability to generate text based on vast data sources may

increase perceived credibility when the AI provides verifiable information, aligning

with warranting theory's idea that external cues (like evidence or verification)

enhance trustworthiness. However, AI's potential to produce misleading or fabricated

content (e.g., deepfakes or biased information) challenges this, as individuals may

struggle to distinguish between trustworthy and unreliable AI outputs (Lazer et al.,

2018).

In AI-assisted communication, the external validation provided by AI (such as

the source citations or data-driven recommendations) could serve as a warranting

mechanism, increasing the perceived reliability of the conversation. However, if AI is

seen as manipulating or controlling the narrative (for example, curating responses

based on user data), it might lower the trust in the conversation, as people may

question the authenticity of the information provided (Tufekci, 2015).

The ethical transparency of AI systems becomes crucial in the application of

warranting theory. If users understand how AI systems process and present

information, they are more likely to trust the conversation outcomes, as the external

cues provided by the system (e.g., data sources, algorithms used) can act as a form

of validation (Binns, 2018).

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the research methodology of the study. It includes the

research design, participants/respondents of the study, methods of using the

participants, scope and limitation of the study, and instrumentation.

RESEARCH DESIGN
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This study will employ the mixed method research design it combines both

qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a more comprehensive

understanding of the effects of AI in communication.

This study will employ the mixed method research design (Campbell & Fiske

1959) Mixed methods research is a popular method for researching today, allowing

for a deeper exploration of a research question by utilizing a blend of qualitative and

quantitative data. By blending both quantitative and qualitative data, mixed methods

research allows for a more thorough exploration of a research question. It can

answer complex research queries that cannot be solved with either qualitative or

quantitative research (Doe, J. 2020).

This mixed-method investigation proposes and empirically tests a Human-

Artificial Intelligence (AI) relationship development model in the context of social

chatbots. Utilizing data from representative populations and employing method

triangulation, the study uniquely combines existing human-computer interaction

theoretical concepts (Computers are Social Actors, Perceived Social Presence, and

Parasocial Interaction) with interpersonal relationship theories (Social Penetration

and Attachment Theories) to advance an explanatory model of human – AI

relationship development mechanism. We identify AI Anthropomorphism and AI

Authenticity as antecedents, AI Social Interaction as a mediator, and Attachment to

AI as an outcome of this process, moderated by the AI usage motivations.

Meaningful theoretical, managerial, and societal implications, as well as suggestions

for chatbot designers and future research are provided (Dovetail Editorial Team,

2023).

PARTICIPANTS/RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of this study are the Social Media Users (Everyday people

who engage with AI tools like chatbots, voice assistants, or AI-driven

recommendations on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. They can share

personal experiences and opinions on AI's impact) and Students (High school or

college students who use AI for communication, such as through study tools, virtual

assistants, or social media. Their responses would reflect how AI is shaping their

academic and personal interactions). Participants of this study are 30 residents of

Calbayog City, fifteen (15) of the participants are social media users, and fifteen (15)

participants are students.

METHOD OF CHOOSING THE PARTICIPANTS

To choose participants for a discussion on "AI in Communication:

Transforming Conversations, For Better or Worse?"A simple random sampling is the

best option to have. A simple random sampling is a randomly selected subset of a

population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly

equal chance of being selected.

This method is the most straightforward of all the probability sampling

methods, since it only involves a single random selection and requires little advance

knowledge about the population. Because it uses randomization, any research

performed on this sample should have high internal and external validity, and be at a

lower risk for research biases like sampling bias and selection bias.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The topic "AI in Communication: Transforming Conversations, For Better or

Worse?" will explore how AI has revolutionized communication in both personal and

professional settings. The focus will be on AI-driven tools such as chatbots, virtual
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assistants, and natural language processing systems, as well as their impact on

social media, online communication, and virtual meetings. The scope will cover both

the positive aspects, including increased efficiency, accessibility, and

personalization, and the negative consequences, such as the loss of human touch,

potential for misinformation, and privacy concerns. However, the study will be limited

to the current state of AI technology as of 2024 and will not delve into speculative

advancements or highly specialized systems used in specific industries like medicine

or law. The research will concentrate on widely adopted AI applications, excluding

experimental or underdeveloped technologies, and will focus on the practical impact

of AI rather than its deep technical workings.

INSTRUMENTATION

This study aims to explore the impact of AI on communication patterns and

behaviors, focusing on the positive and negative transformations AI brings to

conversations in various contexts. The self-constructed questionnaire developed by

the researcher was utilized as the primary tool for data collection. This quantitative

survey and qualitative interview aims to gather data concerning the perceptions,

experiences, and attitudes of individuals regarding the role of AI in communication,

and its effects on both personal and professional interactions.

APPENDIX

DRAFT SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE AND INTERVIEW GUIDE

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Name (Optional): ____________________________

Instruction: Please answer the question honestly. Put a check (√) on the space

provided after the number.

Part 1. Demographic Profile

Age:

16-18 [ ]

19-25 [ ]

26-35 [ ]

36 and above [ ]

Gender:

Male [ ]

Female [ ]

Prefer not to say [ ]

Education Level:
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High School [ ]

College/University [ ]

Graduate Studies [ ]

Other (please specify) ___________

Occupation:

Student [ ]

Professional [ ]

Freelancer [ ]

Other (please specify) ___________

Part 2: AI in Communication - Perceptions and Experiences

1. How often do you use AI-based communication tools (e.g., chatbots, virtual

assistants)?

Daily [ ]

Weekly [ ]

Occasionally [ ]

Never [ ]

2. Do you believe AI has a positive impact on communication?

Strongly agree [ ]
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Agree [ ]

Disagree [ ]

3. How often do you rely on AI (like auto-correct, virtual assistants) during

conversations or communication?

Very often [ ]

Occasionally [ ]

Rarely [ ]

Never [ ]

4. In your opinion, how does AI affect the quality of conversations (both online

and offline)?

Significantly improves [ ]

Somewhat improves [ ]

Has no effect [ ]

Somewhat harms [ ]

Significantly harms [ ]

Part 3: AI’s Impact on Personal and Academic/Professional Communication

1. Has AI-assisted communication improved your personal relationships?

Yes [ ]

No [ ]
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2. In an academic setting (e.g., school), how much do you think AI tools (e.g., AI-

based writing assistants, language translators) improve your learning and

communication?

Significantly improve [ ]

Somewhat improve [ ]

No change [ ]

Somewhat hinder [ ]

Significantly hinder [ ]

3. Has AI helped you in your professional communication (e.g., emails,

meetings, presentations)?

Yes [ ]

No [ ]

INTERVIEW GUIDE

Part 1: Ethical Considerations and Concerns

1. Are you concerned about the privacy of your conversations when using AI

tools?

2. Do you think AI has the potential to mislead or manipulate communication?

3. Do you believe there should be more regulation of AI-based communication

tools?

Part 5: Final Thoughts

1. What do you think is the most significant benefit of AI in communication?

2. What do you think is the most significant drawback of AI in communication?

3. Do you think AI will continue to improve communication in the future, or will it

lead to more negative consequences?

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