Scribd
Upload
1 views

Statistics_Probability_Week_5

The document provides an overview of normal curve distribution, including its characteristics, properties, and the relationship between mean, median, and mode. It outlines specific objectives for learners, such as illustrating normal random variables and computing probabilities using the standard normal table. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises for calculating areas under the normal curve and finding z-scores.

Uploaded by

kertxymer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Statistics_Probability_Week_5

The document provides an overview of normal curve distribution, including its characteristics, properties, and the relationship between mean, median, and mode. It outlines specific objectives for learners, such as illustrating normal random variables and computing probabilities using the standard normal table. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises for calculating areas under the normal curve and finding z-scores.

Uploaded by

kertxymer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

This Photo by
Unknown Author
is This Photounder
licensed by
CC Unknown
BY-SA Author is
licensed under CC
BY-SA-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA


3RD QUARTER - WEEK 5

Normal Curve Distribution


Normal Curve Distribution

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. Illustrate a normal random variable and its


characteristics;
2. Identify region under the normal curve corresponding
to different standard normal values;
3. Convert a normal random variable to a standard
normal variable and vice versa; and
4. Compute probabilities and percentiles using the
standard normal table.
Let’s Recall
(Measures of Central Tendency, histogram and
frequency polygon)
Let’s have a simple review of the measures of
central tendencies, the mean, median, and
mode.

Mean ( µ) – refers to the average of the elements in the


distribution 𝛴𝑥
Mean (𝑥 ) =
𝑁
where x = the values in the distribution
n = the number of values
Median – refers to the middlemost value or elements in the
distribution after arranging the values either in ascending or
descending. If the number of elements is ODD, get the average of the
two middlemost values
Mode – refers to the frequently occurring values or elements in the distribution.

Mode – refers to the frequently occurring value or elements in the


distribution.

Let’s consider the distribution below in order for us to figure out what are
the characteristics of a normal curve distribution.

1. Given the table below, study the values of mean, median, and mode.

x f fx Mean = 𝑥 =
𝑓𝑥
=
10
=2
𝑛 5
1 1 1
2 3 6 Since there is an odd number in the distribution,
therefore, Median = 2
3 1 3 The element 2 in column f is repeated thrice,
therefore Mode = 2
n=5 𝛴𝑓𝑥 = 10
What is histogram? Histogram is a vertical bar graph with no space
between the bars. The histogram of the given distribution is shown
below:
2. Another table below that shows the values of mean, median, and mode.

x f fx
1 1 1 𝜮𝒇𝒙 𝟖𝟖
𝒙= = =𝟒
2 3 6 𝒏 𝟐𝟐
3 4 12
4 6 24 Since there is an odd number of elements in the
5 4 20 Distribution, therefore, Median = 4

4 0 0
6 3 18 In column F, it shows that number 4 is repeated
7 1 7 4 times, therefore, Mode = 4

n = 22 𝛴𝑓𝑥 = 88
Conclusion: The mean, median, and mode coincide at the center of the
distribution.
If you will draw an imaginary vertical line passing the center of the
distribution (on the histogram), you will notice that the parts are mirror
image of one another, or simply they are symmetrical.
Normal Curve or Normal Curve Distribution- is a continuous,
symmetric, bell- shaped distribution of a variable

Properties of the Normal Curve Distribution

1. The normal curve is a bell-shaped.


2. The mean, median, and mode coincide at the center of the distribution.
3. The normal distribution curve is unimodal (it has only one mode).
4. The curve is symmetric about the mean.
5. The curve never touches the x-axis or asymptotic to the horizontal line.
6. The total area under the normal curve distributions is equal to 1.00 or 100%.
7. The width of the distribution is determined by standard deviation.
Since each normally distributed variable has its own mean and standard
deviation, to address the uniformity, standard normal distribution was
introduced.
Formula in finding standard score:

𝑥 = 𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟ⅇ
𝑥−𝑢
𝑧= 𝜇 = 𝑚ⅇ𝑎𝑛
𝜎 𝜎 = 𝑠tandard deviation

Process in Finding the Area under the Normal Curve Distribution:


1.Between 0 and any z – value
Find the corresponding area of z-value in the z-table.
2. In any tail , Find the corresponding area of z-value in the z-table.
Subtract the area from 0.5000
7. In any two tails Find the corresponding
areas of z-values in the z-table.
Subtract both areas from 0.5000
Add the answers
How to find the area in the z-table
Using the z-table, you can easily find the area of the z-alue.
First, locate the whole number and the tenths on the first column,
Second, locate also the third digits (the hundredths) on the first row,
Then, the intersection of the row and column is the area of the z-value.

For example:
1. What is the area of z = 2.23?

Referring to the z- table, we can conclude that the area of z = 2.23 is .4871.

2. What is the area of z = 3.1?

Base on the z-table, if the z-value is greater than 3.09, its area is
approximately equal to .4999
Let’s Apply

A. Direction: Find the area that corresponds to the given z-value.

1. z = 0.96 6. z = 3.00
2. z = 1.74 7. z = - 3. 01
3. z = 2.18 8. z = - 2.48
4. z = 2. 69 9. z = 3.11
5. z = - 0. 48 10. z = - 1. 01

Solution: A. Using the Z-table above. (try to solve 4, 5, 9, and 10)

1. z = 0.96 -- 0.9 & 0.06 A = 0.3315 6. z = 3.00 -- 3 & 0.00 A= 0. 4987


2. z = 1.74 – 1.7 & 0.04 A = 0.4591 7. z = - 3. 01 --- 3 & 0.01 A= 0. 4987
3. z = 2.18 --- 2.1 & 0.08 A= 0.4854 8. z = - 2.48 --- 2.4 & 0.08 A= 0.4934
4. z = 2. 69 9. z = 3.11
5. z = - 0. 48 10. z = - 1. 01
Let’s do this sample problem:

Calculate the area and identify the region under the normal curve given
the following conditions :

1. between z = -0.75 and z = 1.56


from 0 to -0.75, using the Z-table
A= 0.2734
from 0 to 1.56, using the Z-table
A = 0.4406
Total Area = 0.2734 + 0.4406 = 0.714 (Note: the total area is the shaded
region under the normal curve.

2. Between z = 1.24 and z = 1.78 ( Use the Z-table)


from 0 to 1.24 A = 0.3925
from 0 to 1.78 A = 0.4625
Total Area = 0.4625 – 0.3925 = 0.07
Let’s Try This:

Given the following values, calculate for the Z-scores:

1. X = 75; μ= 50; σ = 12 2. X = 105; μ = 115; σ = 8

𝑥−𝑢 75 −50 𝑥−𝑢 105 −115


𝑧= = 𝑧= =
𝜎 12 𝜎 8

25 𝑥−𝑢
𝑧= 12 𝑧= =
−10
𝜎 8

𝑧 = 2.08 𝑧 = - 1.25
END OF WEEK 5

You might also like