BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS REVIEWER

I. Identifying Target Markets, Customers, and Business Opportunities

A. What is a Business Opportunity?
A business opportunity refers to a favorable situation where an entrepreneur can create, develop, and grow a
business that meets market needs and generates profits.

B. Identifying Target Markets and Customers

The target market consists of a specific group of potential customers who are most likely to buy a product or service.
Identifying the right target market helps businesses create effective marketing strategies.

C. Steps in Identifying a Business Opportunity

 Identify Market Needs – Look for gaps in the market where customer needs are unmet.
 Analyze Industry Trends – Understand how industries are evolving and what products/services are in demand.
 Know Your Competitors – Identify existing businesses in the market and assess their strengths and weaknesses.
 Define Your Unique Selling Proposition (USP) – Determine what makes your business different from competitors.
 Assess Market Size and Potential – Ensure there are enough customers to make the business profitable.

II. Data Collection Techniques

Data collection helps businesses gather information about the market, customer preferences, and industry trends.
Here are some key techniques:
A. Observations
Directly watching customer behavior in a natural setting.
Example: A coffee shop owner observes which products are most popular among customers.

B. Surveys
A structured method where businesses ask customers specific questions about their preferences and experiences.
Example: A restaurant asks customers to rate their dining experience.

C. Interviews
One-on-one conversations to gather detailed information from customers, experts, or business professionals.
Example: A startup founder interviews potential customers to understand their needs.

D. Focus Groups
A small group of people discuss a product or service to provide feedback.
Example: A cosmetics brand gathers a group of women to test and review a new skincare product.

III. Importance of Understanding the Target Market

Understanding the target market is crucial because it helps businesses:

 Develop Effective Marketing Strategies – Ensures advertisements, promotions, and branding resonate with the
right audience.
 Improve Customer Satisfaction – Allows businesses to tailor products or services to customer needs.
 Minimize Business Risks – Helps avoid investing in markets that lack demand.
 Increase Competitive Advantage – Helps businesses stand out by offering something unique to customers.
 Maximize Profits – Focusing on the right customers ensures better sales and higher revenue.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP REVIEWER
I. Definition and Role of Entrepreneurship
A. What is Entrepreneurship?
Entrepreneurship refers to the process of identifying, developing, and managing a business venture in order to make
a profit. It involves taking risks to create new products, services, or business models that meet market demands.

B. Role of Entrepreneurship in the Economy

Entrepreneurs play a crucial role in economic development by:

 Creating Jobs – Establishing businesses that provide employment opportunities.
 Driving Innovation – Developing new technologies, products, and services that improve lives.
 Boosting Economic Growth – Contributing to GDP by generating income and investments.
 Improving Society – Offering solutions to social problems (e.g., eco-friendly businesses, affordable healthcare
solutions).
 Encouraging Competition – Motivating other businesses to improve their products and services.

II. Characteristics of an Entrepreneur

Successful entrepreneurs possess the following traits:

 Creativity – They think outside the box to develop unique ideas and solutions.
 Risk-Taking – They take calculated risks to launch and grow their businesses.
 Resilience – They overcome obstacles and keep going despite challenges.
 Visionary Thinking – They plan ahead and see opportunities others may miss.
 Decision-Making Skills – They make quick and informed choices.
 Self-Discipline – They stay focused and committed to achieving their business goals.
 Strong Leadership – They inspire and guide their teams effectively.
 Adaptability – They adjust to changing market trends and customer needs.

III. Processes Involved in Entrepreneurship

A. Steps in the Entrepreneurial Process
1. Opportunity Recognition
Identify a gap in the market where a product or service is needed.
Example: A student notices a lack of affordable healthy snacks in school canteens and decides to sell homemade
granola bars.

2. Developing a Business Plan

Outline business goals, target market, pricing strategies, and financial projections.
A solid business plan helps secure funding from investors or banks.

3. Gathering Resources
Secure necessary materials, finances, and manpower to start the business.
Example: Finding suppliers, renting a location, or hiring employees.

4. Launching the Business

Implement the business plan and start operations.
This includes marketing, sales, and customer service strategies.

5. Managing and Growing the Business

Entrepreneurs must monitor their business performance and make adjustments.
Expansion may involve opening new locations, increasing product lines, or entering new markets.

6. Evaluating and Improving

Entrepreneurs must assess business success and improve weaknesses.
Example: Conducting customer surveys to understand how to improve the product.

MARKETING AND BUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEWER

I. Marketing Mix (The 4Ps of Marketing)

The Marketing Mix is a combination of factors that businesses use to influence consumer decisions. The four key
elements are:

1. Product (What to sell?)

 Refers to the goods or services offered by a business.
 Must meet customer needs and provide value.
Includes features, quality, branding, and packaging.
Example: A smartphone company offers high-quality cameras to attract customers.

2. Price (How much to charge?)

The amount a customer pays for a product or service.
Pricing strategies include:
 Cost-based pricing – Based on production cost plus a markup.
 Competitive pricing – Based on what competitors charge.
 Value-based pricing – Based on the perceived value to the customer.
Example: A luxury brand sets higher prices to maintain exclusivity.
3. Place (Where to sell?)
 The distribution strategy to make the product available to customers.
 Channels include retail stores, e-commerce, direct sales, and wholesalers.
Example: A business sells products online through Shopee and Lazada.

4. Promotion (How to advertise?)

 Activities that create awareness and persuade customers to buy.
Examples:
 Advertising – TV, radio, online ads.
 Sales Promotions – Discounts, freebies.
 Public Relations – Sponsorships, charity events.
 Personal Selling – Direct interaction with customers.

II. Market Segmentation and Targeting

A. Market Segmentation
Market segmentation is the process of dividing a large consumer market into smaller groups based on shared
characteristics.

B. Types of Market Segmentation

 Demographic – Based on age, gender, income, education, etc.

Example: A toy company targets children aged 3-10.

 Geographic – Based on location, climate, or culture.

Example: A clothing brand sells winter jackets in colder regions.

 Psychographic – Based on lifestyle, values, or personality.

Example: A gym targets fitness-conscious individuals.

 Behavioral – Based on consumer buying behavior and product usage.

Example: A fast-food chain offers loyalty rewards to frequent customers.

C. Market Targeting
Once a business segments the market, it selects the best group to serve.

 Undifferentiated (Mass Marketing) – One product for all customers.

 Differentiated Marketing – Different products for different segments.
 Niche Marketing – Focusing on a specific small market.
 Micromarketing – Customizing products for individuals or local areas.

III. SWOT Analysis in Business Strategy

A. What is SWOT Analysis?
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It helps businesses assess internal and external
factors affecting success.

B. Components of SWOT Analysis

Strengths (Internal, Positive)
Advantages a business has over competitors.
Example: Strong brand reputation, loyal customers.

Weaknesses (Internal, Negative)

Areas where a business needs improvement.
Example: Poor customer service, high production costs.

Opportunities (External, Positive)

External factors that can benefit a business.
Example: Market expansion, new technology.
Threats (External, Negative)

External challenges that could harm a business.

Example: Economic downturn, new competitors.

C. How SWOT Helps in Business Strategy

 Helps businesses capitalize on strengths.
 Identifies areas for improvement.
 Prepares businesses for external risks.
 Aids in decision-making and strategic planning.

IV. Business Plan Components

A Business Plan is a document that outlines a company's objectives and how it will achieve them. Key components
include:

 Executive Summary
A brief overview of the entire business plan.
Includes business name, mission, and key financial highlights.

 Company Description
Details about the business, including its history, structure, and goals.
Example: "XYZ Café was founded in 2020 to provide affordable organic coffee."

 Market Analysis
Research on industry trends, competitors, and target customers.
Example: Identifying key competitors and their pricing strategies.

 Products and Services

Description of what the business offers and how it benefits customers.

 Marketing Plan
Strategies for reaching customers (advertising, promotions, pricing).

 Operational Plan
Details on how the business operates daily (suppliers, logistics, staffing).

 Financial Plan
Budget, revenue projections, and funding requirements.

BUSINESS PLAN AND ORGANIZATION REVIEWER

I. Company Description, Staffing, and Operations

A. Company Description
The company description provides essential details about a business, including:

 Business Name – The official name of the business.

 Business Structure – Whether it’s a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.
 Location and Facilities – Where the business is located and its workspace.
 Nature of Business – What the company does (products/services).
 Mission and Vision Statements – The company’s purpose and future goals.
B. Staffing and Operations
 Staffing refers to hiring employees and assigning them specific roles.
 Operations refer to daily business activities, including production, logistics, and customer service.

Key Areas in Staffing and Operations:

 Organizational Structure – Defines roles and hierarchy (e.g., CEO, Managers, Employees).
 Recruitment and Training – Hiring and developing employees to meet company needs.
 Daily Business Activities – Managing supply chains, production, and distribution.
 Policies and Procedures – Guidelines for employee conduct and company operations.

II. Executive Summary vs. Business Summary

A. Executive Summary
A brief overview of the entire business plan.
Written last but placed first in the business plan.
Includes:
Business name and description
Key products/services
Target market
Financial highlights
Business goals

B. Business Summary
A more detailed analysis of the business.
Includes company background, market position, and financial forecasts.
Focuses on how the business operates and its competitive advantage.

III. Market Analysis and Strategies

A. What is Market Analysis?
Market analysis helps businesses understand their target market, competition, and industry trends.

B. Key Components of Market Analysis:

Industry Overview – Market size, trends, and potential growth.
Target Market – Characteristics of potential customers (age, income, location).
Competitive Analysis – Identifying direct and indirect competitors.
Customer Needs and Behavior – Studying what influences buying decisions.

C. Market Strategies (Marketing Plan)

A business must develop strategies to attract and retain customers.
 Product Strategy – Ensuring products/services meet customer needs.
 Pricing Strategy – Setting competitive and profitable prices.
 Place Strategy – Choosing the right distribution channels (physical stores, online, direct sales).
 Promotion Strategy – Advertising, social media marketing, and public relations to increase brand awareness.

IV. Business Organization Types

A. Sole Proprietorship
Owned and operated by one person.

Advantages:
Easy to start
Full control over decisions
Low startup costs

Disadvantages:
Unlimited personal liability (owner is responsible for all debts)
Limited capital and growth potential
B. Partnership
Two or more individuals share ownership of the business.
Types of Partnerships:
 General Partnership – All partners share responsibilities and liabilities.
 Limited Partnership – Some partners have limited liability and responsibility.

Advantages:
More capital and resources
Shared responsibilities

Disadvantages:
Potential conflicts between partners
Shared liability

C. Corporation
A separate legal entity from its owners.
Types:
 Private Corporation – Owned by individuals or families.
 Public Corporation – Shares are traded on the stock market.

Advantages:
Limited liability (owners are not personally responsible for debts)
Easier to raise capital

Disadvantages:
Expensive to set up
More regulations and paperwork

V. Business Operations
A. What is Business Operations?
Business operations refer to the day-to-day activities that keep a company running efficiently.

B. Key Components of Business Operations:

 Production Process – How products/services are created and delivered.
 Supply Chain Management – Managing suppliers and logistics.
 Customer Service – Ensuring customer satisfaction and handling inquiries.
 Technology and Equipment – Tools and systems used to operate efficiently.
 Quality Control – Ensuring products/services meet customer expectations.

C. Factors Affecting Business Operations:

 Cost Management – Controlling expenses to maximize profits.
 Efficiency – Using resources effectively to improve productivity.
 Adaptability – Adjusting to market changes and customer demands.

BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND DATA MANAGEMENT REVIEWER

I. Operating Plans and Production Processes
A. What is an Operating Plan?
An operating plan is a section of a business plan that outlines how a business functions on a daily basis. It details the
processes, resources, and actions needed to achieve business goals.

B. Key Components of an Operating Plan

 Production Process – How goods or services are created and delivered.
 Supply Chain Management – Managing suppliers, inventory, and distribution.
 Human Resources – Assigning roles and responsibilities to employees.
 Technology & Equipment – Tools and machines used for business operations.
 Quality Control – Ensuring products/services meet high standards.
C. Production Processes in Business
A production process is the method used to manufacture goods or provide services efficiently.

Types of Production Processes:

 Job Production – Custom-made products (e.g., handcrafted jewelry).
 Batch Production – Producing a set number of identical items (e.g., bakery items).
 Mass Production – Large-scale production of identical items (e.g., smartphones).
 Continuous Production – Uninterrupted production (e.g., power plants, oil refining).

II. Machineries, Equipment, and Raw Materials

A. Importance of Machineries and Equipment
Essential for production efficiency and high-quality output.
Reduces manual labor, improves accuracy, and increases productivity.
Examples:
Manufacturing Machines – Assembly line equipment, conveyor belts.
Office Equipment – Computers, printers, and communication tools.

B. Raw Materials
Raw materials are basic substances used in production. They can be:
 Natural Raw Materials – Wood, minerals, agricultural products.
 Synthetic Raw Materials – Chemicals, plastics, processed metals.
 Component Parts – Pre-made parts used in assembly (e.g., car engines).

C. Factors to Consider When Choosing Machineries & Raw Materials

Cost Efficiency – Balancing price and quality.
Availability & Supply – Ensuring steady access to materials.
Durability & Maintenance – Long-lasting, low-maintenance equipment.
Environmental Impact – Choosing eco-friendly and sustainable materials.

III. Strategic Location Selection Factors

Choosing the right business location is crucial for success. It affects customer accessibility, operational costs, and
growth potential.

A. Factors to Consider in Location Selection

1. Customer Accessibility
Businesses should be close to their target market.
Example: A coffee shop should be near office buildings or universities.

2. Cost of Rent and Utilities

Expenses should align with the business budget.
Example: High-rent areas like malls may have higher foot traffic but also higher costs.

3. Availability of Labor
Locations should provide easy access to skilled employees.
Example: Tech companies thrive in cities with IT professionals.

4. Infrastructure & Transportation

Roads, highways, and public transport affect supply chains and customer visits.
Example: A manufacturing plant should be near highways for easy distribution.

5. Competition & Business Environment

Being close to competitors can be an advantage or a disadvantage.
Example: Fast-food chains often locate near each other to attract customers.

6. Government Regulations & Local Laws

Some areas have restrictions on business operations.
Example: Zoning laws may prevent factories from operating in residential areas.
IV. Research and Data Presentation
A. Importance of Research in Business
Research helps businesses make informed decisions by analyzing trends, customer preferences, and competition.

B. Methods of Data Collection

Primary Data Collection – First-hand information gathered by the business.
Examples: Surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations.
Secondary Data Collection – Existing data from reports, government records, and market research firms.

 Textual Presentation Describes findings in paragraph form

 Tabular Presentation Data is shown in tables with rows and columns
 Graphical Presentation Uses visuals like charts and graphs to show trends

D. Common Types of Graphical Data Presentation

 Bar Graph – Compares different categories using bars.
 Line Graph – Shows trends over time.
 Pie Chart – Represents percentages or proportions.
 Histogram – Displays frequency of data in a continuous range.

RESEARCH AND BUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEWER

I. Organizing and Presenting Data

A. Why is Data Organization Important?

Helps businesses analyze information for decision-making.
Makes data easier to understand and interpret.
Allows businesses to identify trends and patterns.

B. Methods of Data Presentation

 Textual Presentation Data is explained using written statements.
 Tabular Presentation Data is arranged in a table format with rows and columns.
 Graphical Presentation Data is represented using charts, graphs, or diagrams.

C. Types of Graphical Presentation

 Bar Graph – Compares different categories using bars.
 Line Graph – Shows trends or changes over time.
 Pie Chart – Represents percentages or proportions.
 Histogram – Displays the frequency of data in a continuous range.
 Pictograph – Uses images or symbols to represent data visually.

II. Importance of Interpretation in Research

A. What is Data Interpretation?
The process of analyzing data to find meaning and insights.
Helps businesses make informed decisions based on research.

B. Why is Interpretation Important?

 Identifies trends – Helps businesses understand market behavior.
 Guides decision-making – Ensures that strategies are based on facts.
 Avoids misinterpretation – Prevents incorrect conclusions from raw data.
 Helps predict future outcomes – Assists in planning for upcoming business challenges.

C. Steps in Data Interpretation

 Review Collected Data – Check for completeness and accuracy.
 Identify Key Patterns – Look for trends and relationships in the data.
 Compare with Expectations – Check if the data aligns with predictions.
 Draw Conclusions – Summarize findings to guide business actions.
III. Critical Components of Research Reports
A research report is a document that presents the results of a study.

A. Key Components of a Research Report

 Title Page – Includes the research title, author’s name, and date.
 Abstract – A summary of the entire research (objectives, methods, key findings).
 Introduction – Explains the research problem, objectives, and significance.
 Literature Review – Discusses past studies related to the topic.
 Methodology – Describes how data was collected and analyzed.
 Results & Discussion – Presents findings using tables, charts, and analysis.
 Conclusion & Recommendations – Summarizes results and suggests actions.
 References – Lists sources used in the study.

B. Importance of Research Reports in Business

 Provides data-driven insights for decision-making.
 Helps businesses improve products, marketing, and operations.
 Supports business proposals and funding applications.

IV. Strategic Planning and Management

A. What is Strategic Planning?
Strategic planning is the process of defining a business's goals and determining the best way to achieve them.

B. Steps in Strategic Planning

 Set Objectives – Define short-term and long-term business goals.
 Conduct SWOT Analysis – Identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
 Develop Strategies – Create a plan to achieve goals (marketing, financial, operational).
 Implement the Plan – Assign tasks and ensure strategies are executed.
 Monitor and Adjust – Track progress and make improvements as needed.

C. Strategic Management Process

Strategic management involves continuously monitoring and adjusting business strategies to remain competitive.

D. Importance of Strategic Planning and Management

 Helps businesses stay competitive in the market.
 Ensures efficient resource allocation (time, money, workforce).
 Improves decision-making by focusing on long-term success.
 Increases business adaptability to changing market trends.

BUSINESS STRATEGY AND MARKET REVIEWER

I. Mission, Vision, Objectives, Strategy, and Tactics
A. Mission vs. Vision

Mission Statement - Describes the purpose of a business—what it does and why it exists.

Vision Statement - Describes the future goals and aspirations of a business.

B. Objectives, Strategy, and Tactics

Objectives - Specific, measurable goals that a company aims to achieve.

Strategy - A high-level plan to achieve objectives.
Tactics - Specific actions taken to implement strategies.

C. Relationship Between These Concepts

Vision sets the long-term goal.
Mission defines the purpose of the business.
Objectives set specific targets.
Strategy provides the big-picture approach.
Tactics are detailed actions used to execute the strategy.

II. Importance of Planning in Business Success

A. What is Business Planning?
Business planning involves setting goals, creating strategies, and outlining steps to achieve success.

B. Why is Business Planning Important?

 Provides Direction – Ensures the business stays focused on its goals.
 Reduces Risks – Identifies potential problems and prepares solutions.
 Improves Decision-Making – Helps managers make informed choices.
 Enhances Resource Management – Ensures money, manpower, and materials are used efficiently.
 Attracts Investors and Lenders – A well-structured plan increases credibility and financial support.

C. Key Components of a Business Plan

 Executive Summary – Overview of the business.
 Company Description – Mission, vision, and business model.
 Market Analysis – Industry trends and competitor research.
 Marketing Strategy – Pricing, promotion, and sales approach.
 Financial Plan – Budget, revenue projections, and funding needs.

III. Industry and Consumer Products

A. Industry Products vs. Consumer Products

Industry Products - Goods used by businesses to produce other products or services.

Ex: Raw materials, machinery, equipment.

Consumer Products - Goods purchased by individuals for personal use.

Ex: Food, clothing, electronics.

B. Types of Consumer Products

Convenience Products – Low-cost items bought frequently with minimal effort.
Example: Snacks, toiletries, basic groceries.

Shopping Products – Higher-priced items that consumers compare before purchasing.

Example: Smartphones, appliances, branded clothing.

Specialty Products – Unique and high-value items with strong brand loyalty.

Example: Luxury cars, designer bags, rare collectibles.

Unsought Products – Products that consumers do not actively seek until needed.
Example: Life insurance, emergency medical services.

C. Types of Industry Products

 Raw Materials – Basic materials used in production.
 Example: Cotton for textiles, wood for furniture.
 Component Parts – Manufactured parts used in assembling final products.
 Example: Car engines, computer processors.
 Supplies and Services – Essential items for business operations.
 Example: Office supplies, cleaning services.